...Case Study Counter urbanisation in St Ives, Cambridgeshire St Ives is a small town in Cambridgeshire, about 200km north of London. It lies on the A1123, 8km east of Huntingdon and 25km north-west of Cambridge, just off the A14 trunk road. The town is close to both the A1 trunk road and the main east coast railway line. Regular trains to London make the area accessible. St Ives is a picturesque town on the Great Ouse. It has a narrow six-arched bridge with a central chapel that was built in the 15th Century. The town has connections with Oliver Cromwell and his statue stands in the market place. There are also splendid buildings, including the Corn Exchange and All Saints Church. The building styles contribute to the character of the place and add to the attraction of living there. The surrounding rural area is mainly farmland. However, in recent years there have been many housing developments on the periphery (edge) of the town. A substantial number of exclusive apartments have also been built in the heart of the town, particularly on the south bank of the Great Ouse. Changing population and prosperity The population structure of the town is changing. One section of the community is ageing, but another is becoming more youthful. A large proportion of the working population is now employed outside of town. There has been an influx of commuters from in and around London. Housing in the area is affordable and there has been a boom in demand for property. People in St...
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...Figure 1 shows the basic total attendance and membership breakdown for the various weekly attendee groupings of the Illinois Great Rivers Annual Conference. On average, each weekly attendance group has 5,387 attendees. Furthermore, the red bar and blue bar combined represents the total membership per size category. For example, there are 5,882 total weekly attendees and 7,630 members attributed to all churches that fall within Group 750+. The largest section of membership is captured in churches with fewer than 30 weekly attendees with 24% of the conference’s total membership. Additionally, Illinois Great Rivers churches with more than 400 weekly attendees make up 13% of total conference membership. Please note that churches with more than 750 weekly attendees have the highest attendee-to-member ratio in the conference. Furthermore, the graph shows each group attendee-to-member ratios. The conference averages well above the UMC average at 46%. Group 750+ has a ratio of 77% and Group 400-749 has a...
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...Noah Crawford 2/17/11 Pr. 3 Africa Essay There are many great rivers in the world, but one out-shines them all. That river is the Nile River. It is the longest river in the entire world, stretching from the very top of Egypt, all the way to the bottom of Uganda where it drains into Lake Victoria. The Nile River greatly affects the people who live along it. The land all along the Nile is very fertile and good for growing crops. Every year, the Nile overflows and sends minerals called silt onto the land. The silt makes the land more fertile for people to grow crops to eat and sell. The Nile also helps with transportation. Since it’s a river, people can from place to place by boat. The Nile, additionally, can be used for drinking water or for irrigating. Africa must be careful to keep its economy well-balanced. If there is not diversity in what in being manufactured, other parts in the economy will fall apart. For example, if Africa spent most of its time towards the mineral industry and were mostly just mining for precious minerals, all of the farmers who grow and sell cash crops will not be able to sell them. Then, they will lose income, not have a job, and not be able to support their family. Also, if Africa spent most of its time to the farming industry, the same thing will happen to miners. On top of all of that, if Africa spent its time too much on either industry, other counties that want to import certain goods from Africa might not be able to because of the...
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...subject matter, which is rivers. Text A is a part of a conversation. Text B is a poem by Stevie Smith entitled The River God. Text C is an extract from an autobiography by Rory McGrath. Compare Texts A, B and C, showing how the writers or speakers express their feelings about the rivers and their surroundings through their descriptions. The three texts all share the similar theme of rivers, all sharing mixed feeling on the topic of rivers, but mostly positive feelings towards them. Although all of the texts have certain aspects that they have in common with each other, as all texts have taken different approaches from each other for example, text A is a spoken account between two people on the subject of rivers, text B is a poem to display the power of rivers, and text C is an extract that describes the writers personal experience on the river Cam, and it was created to entertain with the main focus being on bird watching. Texts A, B and C all share in common the use of positive adjectives throughout the texts in order to display how they feel about rivers, and they use these adjectives to display how they feel, for example text A uses the adjective ‘beautiful’ when describing the river and how it looks, this also stress’ the view of the writer more through the emphasis that is used on this utterance. In text B we can see a similar use of the adjectives when talking about the river when the same adjective ‘beautiful’ is used to describe the river again, as it pre modifies...
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...I concur with Bill McEwen’s article “ River Plan Too Fishy for my Taste Buds” on the San Joaquin River Restoration Program. The San Joaquin River Restoration Program (SJRRP) planned on restoring the water flow to San Joaquin River from Friant Dam and its convergence with the Merced River, and revitalize the Chinook Salmon. McEwen has a much more superior expertise due to his 35 year career at Fresno Bee. He has become one of the papers biggest illustrious personalities as a sports and news columnist and opinion page editor.With an extremely further experience in the journaling world, it has won him an award-winning in reporting and he has a deep understanding of Fresno politics. His article was published in the Fresno Bee, located in Fresno,...
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...The “River Restoration Project Offers a Sprinkling of Hope,” is an article in the newspaper “The Sacramento Bee,” written by Daniel Weintraub. This article published in Sacramento, California’s state capital. In Sacramento, many rich people, rich businesses, and politic people. I chose this article because I think the river plan is a good idea since we are in a drought again. I believe he is credible because he has been working for “The Sacramento Bee” since 2000, and his articles appear three times a week. The San Joaquin River is in California, and is one of California’s largest rivers. This river is one of California’s water sources, and provides water for 4.5 million people. I do agree that this river plan will help California with it’s drought. I believe that it is worth the $100 million dollars because of the experts that had supported, the studies that proved the river plan would help California, and the great impact that the plan would have on people’s lives....
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...------------------------------------------------- Freshwater ecosystem From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Freshwater angelfish Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams, springs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, and vegetation. Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into lentic ecosystems (still water) andlotic ecosystems (flowing water). Limnology (and its branch freshwater biology) is a study about freshwater ecosystems. It is a part of hydrobiology. Original efforts to understand and monitor freshwater ecosystems were spurred on by threats to human health (ex. Cholera outbreaks due to sewage contamination). Early monitoring focussed on chemical indicators, then bacteria, and finally algae, fungi and protozoa. A new type of monitoring involves differing groups of organisms (macroinvertebrates, macrophytes and fish) and the stream conditions associated with them. Current biomonitering techniques focus mainly on community structure or biochemical oxygen demand. Responses are measured by behavioural changes, altered rates of growth, reproduction or mortality. Macroinvertebrates are most often used in these models because of well known taxonomy, ease of collection, sensitivity to a range of stressors, and their overall value to the ecosystem...
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...about the relationship between deforestation and soil erosion, explaining how we’re slowly turning our world into a desert, when all we do is literally pump the water from the ground, to use it. The second section talks about urbanization and how big cities and communities are located in places that really, do not have any water. So, when a big city and or large community does not have water they haul water from another location and pipe it to the big cities and or large communities. A big city known as Las Vegas, is a great example of this because the location is basically in the middle of a desert, so they need to get a hold of water in some type of way. In the documentary, the narrator goes on to talk about various problems with urbanization and how it’s creating havoc on the water system because of the development of larger cities. After the topic of urbanization, the documentary moves along to talk briefly about dams, comparing the dams to rivers and rivers to veins. Suggesting that...
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...National Hazards: Floods Francis Lopez Cathedral High School Abstract Floods are very dangerous natural hazards. Every year they cost millions if not billions of dollars in damages, to people everywhere. They affect a lot of people worldwide. Floods can also be caused by a number of events. Snow melts, tropical storms, and dam or levee breaks are just a few of the causes of floods. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While river flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry. Although you can lessen the chance of floods occurring in your area by moving, floods can still occur everywhere and affect everyone. National Hazards: Floods Floods are one of the most dangerous natural disasters on Earth. Floods have cost humanity millions of dollars in damages and so much more. They are also very fatal. Every year, floods kill 6,753 people. While this may seem like a low number of deaths compared to car crashes or earthquakes but when other affects of floods are seen, Floods are seen as very dangerous disasters. They effect people from every part of the globe, effecting over 96,878,672 people and are caused by many things. In floods that result from snow melts, people in areas that are not close to...
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...home flows a river. For a dozen summers I have visited it, and almost every year I make an effort to trace its course back to its source in the neighboring hills; I do not consider my vacation there complete without doing this. In common with others streams of its kind, our river suffers much from the summer drought. I have seen it so shrunken that fish lay lifeless on the parched sand and gravel of its bed. But this summer I saw something I never had been sufficiently observant in other abnormally dry years, I am sure I could not have failed to notice the same thing earlier. One morning last April, in company with a student friend and also my elder son, I started out for the hill to spend the day by the rapids and cascades at a place called Intongaban. We followed the course of the river. After we had walked a kilometer or more, I saw that the river had disappeared and its bed was dry. I looked around in wonder because past our little country house below and out toward the sea half a mile or so farther down, the river was flowing clear and steady in its usual summer volume and depth. But where we stood at the moment there was no water to be seen. All about us the wide river bed was hot and dry. We pursued our way on toward the hill, however, and walking another kilometer we saw the stream again, though it had spread itself so thin it was lost at the edge of the waterless stretch of burning sand and stones. And yet, continuing our way into the hills, we found the river grow deeper...
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...could also be defined as condition of overflowing rivers or water, especially over land not usually submerged. In other words flood is said to have occurred when there is excess water surpassing the limits of it confines. In Ghana flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters which impact negatively on the life and properties of people. For example property worth 265,186,423 million cedis was destroyed according to government authorities. Nationwide NADMO indicates that 19,755 people are affected of which 6,586 are children. Health authorities confirmed 16 deaths,7 in Accra,3 in Kumasi,2 in Takoradi and 1 in Cape Coast and two others.-16th July ,2009,(DREF OPERATION NO.mdrghoo2 Glide no. FL-2009-000132-GHA. 16 July, 2009) CAUSES OF FLOOD There are two main causes of flood. These are The natural causes and the human causes. NATURAL CAUSES OF FLOOD A) High rainfall. Heavy rains raise the water level. When the water level gets higher than the river bank or the dams, the water forces its way out from the river often leading to a condition of flooding. b) Snow melt. The alarming effect of global warming is leading to increase in temperature higher than the temperature of many years ago. The ice caps melt in spring, therefore these water find its way into the sea. As a result of this, the sea level is raised leading to flooding. 3) Relief. Flooding often occurs in the lowland. This is because rivers flow more slowly in the low-lying areas. If the water...
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...he term drainage describes the river system of an area. Look at the physical map. You will notice that small streams flowing from different directions come together to form the main river, which ultimately drains into a large water body such as a lake or a sea or an ocean. The area drained by a single river system is called a drainage basin. A closer observation on a map will indicate that any elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland, separates two drainage basins. Such an upland is known as a water divide (Figure 3.1). Sr ea m B 3 T Sr ea m A W at er Di vi de subcontinent. Accordingly, the Indian rivers are divided into two major groups: • the Himalayan rivers; and • the Peninsular rivers. Apart from originating from the two major physiographic regions of India, the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers are different from each other in many ways. Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial. It means that they have water throughout the year. These rivers receive water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains. The two major Himalayan rivers, the Indus and the Brahmaputra originate from the north of the mountain ranges. They have cut through the mountains making gorges. The Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea. They perform intensive erosional activity in their upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand. In the middle and the lower courses, these rivers form meanders, oxbow lakes, and...
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...Describing a place where I have been Cancun is a wonderful place to visit because when I was there, it felt like a dream come true. When I was there I could admire the beauties of that beautiful city like the Mayan World its great pyramids and cities, the beauty of the underwater World, and to enjoy those romantic ambiences that surround me. I think it is one of the most romantic places on Earth. Cancun is a great place to visit because I can learn about the Mayan World, explore the underwater World, and it is a great place for romance. When I was in the city of Tulum I was surprised because I knew it was a very important city, and it was the first fishing port in Mexico that was built by the Mayans. I really liked the design of the pyramids and the location since the way they did build the pyramids has a meaning all the way from the location of the buildings and the order of the pyramids. Everything was built with stones, and the city was surrounded by a large wall made of stones and only the highest ranking leaders lived in the pyramids and the rest of the people lived outside the city. Something that got my attention was that in the city of Tulum were thousands of Iguanas all over the place and that animal had a spiritual meaning for them. Tulum is surrounded by beautiful turquoise color waves and white sand that I was able to see all over Cancun, and a very important factor is that the weather is warm so I was able to enjoy the place and walk comfortably with my shorts...
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...Global cooling. For many decades we have come to the conclusion of the more pollution, the more the world’s temperature increases but this is all about to change. Global cooling is caused by Global Warming heating up the world and melting the ice caps. The ice caps then release fresh water, which now dilutes into the Arctic waters making it less salty. This means the Gulf Stream will no longer sink to the ocean floor and will not make its return journey to the Gulf of Mexico. As soon as the Gulf Stream switches off there is no warm air reaching the Artic. In result the temperature drops so that ice ends up covering large parts of Europe and North America. Global cooling also increases the rainfall in places like Russia. In Russia the three great rivers now empty huge amounts of freshwater into the ocean due to the unexpected heavier rainfall. Global cooling will have an immense effect on living and non-living organisms all because of the pollution exposed into the earth’s atmosphere. Yet, many people argue that global warming and global cooling is a natural issue that has nothing to do with human activity despite all of the scientific evidence to prove so. Other people believe global cooling is happening and at a very fast rate and humans are going to have to adapt to these Artic like conditions. It is very likely global cooling will take action is the world doesn’t change its ways and fast. There are lots of ways in which you alone can change the fate of the earth, such as...
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...of the Delta’s native fish populations have been declining for several years which have sparked controversy between policymakers and the management of the Delta. One native fish in particular focus is the delta smelt. The delta smelt, a small iridescent fish is endemic to the upper part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The smelt faces many threats such as getting sucked up into big pumps that divert water or threats like getting trapped by predators when the pumps disrupt the river flow. California’s droughts also make freshwater rare and water diversion causing the delta smelts environment to be too salty. The delta smelt was considered an endangered species by the Department of Fish and Game in December 1993 and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in March of 1993 . The delta smelt has been in decline, by...
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