...Comparison of Research Designs Capella University Comparison of Research Designs Template The following seven tables are part of a template that will guide you through the comparison of research designs assignment. The tables include: • Descriptions of basic research designs. • Types of basic research designs. • Main characteristics. • Followed steps. • Appropriate usage. • Purpose statement and sample questions. • Associated research paradigms. This template directs you to portions of the course text, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Creswell, 2008). Each table includes chapter numbers and page numbers to guide you to the most relevant sections of the text book. Reference Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Descriptions of Basic Research Designs Develop an original and concise description of each research design. The appropriate sections of the Creswell text are listed to guide you; however, the end product should be your own paraphrase. Each description should be about one to three sentences in length. The first part of the chart has been completed for you as an example of how to proceed. You can leave it in the first cell and consider it to be part of your assignment...
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...The chosen research designs include 30% grounded theory (Plakas, Cant & Taket, 2008; Wong et al., 2014; Twohig et al. 2015), 20% phenomenological (Cypress, 2010; Mackie et al., 2014), 20% comparative (non-experimental) (Hansen et al., 2016; Kutash & Northrop, 2007), 10% ethnographic (Henrich et al., 2011), and two different studies using a multi-type designs which are descriptive and cross-sectional (Alves et al., 2013); and descriptive and comparative (Mosleh, Alja’afreh & Lee, 2015). The most common research design approach is grounded theory, used by by Plakas, Cant & Taket (2008); Wong et al. (2014) and Twohig et al. (2015) to observe and understand behaviors/actions to create theory using a theoretical design (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2013). Phenomenology, another prominent design, looks at unique lived experiences using in-depth and extensive interviews to identify ones’ experience (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2013). Phenomenology studies six to twenty-five people to obtain information until data saturation/redundancy have been reached as seen by Cypress (2010) & Mackie et al. (2016) with n=15; 7 (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2013, Bailey, 1997; Morse, 1994. Another appropriate research approach used within the literature is a survey...
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...Qualitative Research Defining and Designing 1 8 T he qualitative research methods introduced in this book are often employed to answer the whys and hows of human behavior, opinion, and experience— information that is difficult to obtain through more quantitatively-oriented methods of data collection. Researchers and practitioners in fields as diverse as anthropology, education, nursing, psychology, sociology, and marketing regularly use qualitative methods to address questions about people’s ways of organizing, relating to, and interacting with the world. Despite the interdisciplinary recognition of the value of “qualitative research” (or perhaps because of it), qualitative research is not a unified field of theory and practice. On the contrary, a plethora of viewpoints, sometimes diametrically opposed to one another, exist on the subject. Scholars regularly debate about what qualitative research is, how and why it should be conducted, how it should be analyzed, and in what form it should be presented. In fact, fundamental and often heated disagreements about philosophical assumptions and the nature of data exist among qualitative researchers. We don’t pretend to be able to solve any of these controversies. Nor do we suggest one approach or viewpoint is superior to another in the grand scheme of things. How one approaches qualitative research, and research in general, depends on a variety of personal, professional, political, and contextual factors. Ultimately, there...
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...first present common features of qualitative research and review debates regarding research paradigms in the social sciences and humanities. I also discuss the role of triangulation and capturing participants’ insider or emic perspectives in qualitative research and highlight various data collection methods and ways of combining macro-level and micro-level analyses, particularly in ethnographic research. Ethical issues, difficulties obtaining informed consent in classroom research, and criteria for evaluating qualitative research are then considered. Three qualitative studies that have been deemed exemplary and meritorious by scholars in English language education are then presented and some common themes in current qualitative classroom research with ELLs are identified. The chapter concludes with directions for future qualitative research. Introduction Over the past 2 decades, research in language education, as in other academic disciplines, has witnessed a major shift in the types and methods of research that are accepted as valid, important, and useful. Whereas quantitative studies of a psychometric nature or involving (quasi-) experimental designs might previously have been viewed as more legitimate forms of research within education and the social sciences, rigorous...
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... | |Chapter 10 Storey (2010) Lecture Notes | |This book has outlines the history of the relationship between cultural theory and popular culture. | |- The study of popular culture has changed over time as theories are developed within the context of historical and | |political conditions | |o There is no singular approach (or agreement) on what popular culture is, how it is to be understood, and how it is best | |studied | |o The theoretical approaches to the study of popular culture sometimes complement each other, and they sometimes contradict | |each other | |§ Today, the debate over how best to study popular culture is focused on ‘cultural populism’ | |...
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...teachers who were members of the faculty of an economically and racially diverse elementary school in Virginia. The purpose behind the case study was to examine how the changes in the state Standards of Learning would effect pedagogical decision making, teaching and learning, and methods of instruction and evaluation. My evaluation/critique of this article is an holistic interpretation of the study as an example of a qualitative research project and is based on my understandings of this type of study from my involvement in Education 6100: Research and Design Methods from Memorial University of Newfoundland. My concern is to develop a systematic and analytical discussion based around the degree to which this case study exemplifies the characteristics of qualitative research. Qualitative Research Article Critique In her article A Year in the Life of an Elementary School: One School’s Experiences in Meeting New Mathematics Standards, Karen Dorgan (2004) outlines a non-participatory case study undertaken during the course of the 1999—2000 school year. This study focused on the faculty of an elementary school in the state of Virginia (USA) and its efforts in coping with changes in the educational standards of learning for that state. Dorgan’s report indicates that she triangulated her data collection techniques in an ethnographic analysis,...
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...Section 1 Organizational Culture: set of artifacts, values and assumption that emerge from the interaction of organizational members Open social system operating a dynamic environment. CRITERIA to identify something as culture: 1. Deeply felt or held 2. Commonly intelligible 1. Accessible to a cultural group Organization = Ordered and purposeful interaction among people. Purposeful, because its members produce (supero-rdinative) goal-directed activities. Organizational communication is a continuous process through which organizational members create, maintain and change the organization. (it includes business communication) N.B. All organizational members take place in it; messages are produced to create a shared meaning of messages, but it is not always achieved. Those messages vary in form according to various factors (power distances, roles, goal, method, non-verbal), and to be fully understood have to be considered in their contexts Culture: "the collective programming if the mind that DISTINGUISHES the members of one group tor category of people from another" (Hofstede 2001) Is both a process and a product; is confining (imitates groups) and facilitating (gives us a way to better understand what is happening) Cultural Symbol = physical indicators of organizational life (Rafaeli & Worline 2000) ARTIFACTS: visible/tangible, are also part of them norms, standards, customs and social convention. Norms: pattern of behaviors or communication...
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...transformationalleadership.net Developing Tomorrow’s Transformational Leaders Today The Transformational Leadership Report INDEX What is Transformational Leadership? 3 Components of Transformational Leadership 5 Transformational Leadership vs. Transactional Leadership 6 A Brief History of Leadership 8 How does a Transformational Leader work? 10 What are the characteristics of a leader of change? 10 Where Transformational Leadership and Authenticity meet 11 Transformational Leadership Behaviors 13 Recommended Reading 17 TL Publications list 19 © 2007 www.transformationalleadership.net 2 of 19 The Transformational Leadership Report What is Transformational Leadership? Leadership has been around for thousands of years, and yet we still are unable to contain it in a single definition we all agree on. Perhaps this is because leadership is continuously evolving, and more than what it seems to be, depending on how you look at it. It is a complex concept, with many applications, and the results that it creates depend highly on the context in which it is being observed. Much has been written on Transformational Leadership, which we will cover in a moment. There is the leadership theory, which has evolved over time from other leadership styles, and has applications to different contexts, be it in business, medical, non-profit...
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...THREE The Use of Theory ne component of reviewing the literature is to determine what theories might be used to explore the questions in a scholarly study. In quantitative research, researchers often test theories as an explanation for answers to their questions. In a quantitative dissertation, an entire section of a research proposal might be devoted to presenting the theory for the study. In qualitative research, the use of theory is much more varied. The inquirer may generate a theory as the final outcome of a study and place it at the end of a project, such as in grounded theory. In other qualitative studies, it comes at the beginning and provides a lens that shapes what is looked at and the questions asked, such as in ethnographies or in advocacy research. In mixed methods research, researchers may both test theories and generate them. Moreover, mixed methods research may contain a theoretical lens, such as a focus on feminist, racial, or class issues, that guides the entire study. I begin this chapter by focusing on theory use in a quantitative study. It reviews a definition of a theory, the use of variables in a quantitative study, the placement of theory in a quantitative study, and the alternative forms it might assume in a written plan. Procedures in identifying a theory are next presented, followed by a script of a theoretical perspective section of a quantitative research proposal. Then the discussion moves to the use of theory in a qualitative study. Qualitative inquirers...
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...transformationalleadership.net Developing Tomorrow’s Transformational Leaders Today The Transformational Leadership Report INDEX What is Transformational Leadership? 3 Components of Transformational Leadership 5 Transformational Leadership vs. Transactional Leadership 6 A Brief History of Leadership 8 How does a Transformational Leader work? 10 What are the characteristics of a leader of change? 10 Where Transformational Leadership and Authenticity meet 11 Transformational Leadership Behaviors 13 Recommended Reading 17 TL Publications list 19 © 2007 www.transformationalleadership.net 2 of 19 The Transformational Leadership Report What is Transformational Leadership? Leadership has been around for thousands of years, and yet we still are unable to contain it in a single definition we all agree on. Perhaps this is because leadership is continuously evolving, and more than what it seems to be, depending on how you look at it. It is a complex concept, with many applications, and the results that it creates depend highly on the context in which it is being observed. Much has been written on Transformational Leadership, which we will cover in a moment. There is the leadership theory, which has evolved over time from other leadership styles, and has applications to different contexts, be it in business, medical, non-profit or charity,...
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...16 The Paradox of Brand Community “Management” Brand communities, while “hot” and fundamental in the relationship interactive marketing age, are often seriously misunderstood. Located at the pinnacle of the loyalty continuum, true communities possess social structure and exhibit socialization processes. These sociological facts must be thoroughly understood by any manager who claims community goals for his or her brand. HarleyDavidson – frequently admired for its ability to generate an almost religious loyalty to its brand – has developed a deep appreciation of the power of brand communities that personally link consumers together and is eager to manage them successfully. The present article, evolved from the Harvard Business School study case on the Harley-Davidson “Posse Ride“, deals with the management challenges and tensions that may arise when building brand communities. Prof. Susan M. Fournier Visiting Associate Professor of Business Administration, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, US-Hanover lic. sc. com Kathrin Sele Doctoral Candidate at the Institute of Marketing and Retailing at the University of St.Gallen, CH-St.Gallen Prof. Dr. Marcus Schögel Assistant Professor at the University of St.Gallen and Head of the Competence Center Distribution and Co-operation at the Institute of Marketing and Retailing, CH-St.Gallen 1. The Notion of Brand Community Harley Owners Group (HOG) and the Posse Ride In 1983 Vaughan Beals, member of the management...
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...Pg2Pg2 Dr. Sue Greener Business Research Methods ...
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...SHAREHOLDER-MANAGER CONFLICTS * * AGENCY VERSUS CONTRACT * * FURTHER READING: Agency theory suggests that the firm can be viewed as a nexus of contracts (loosely defined) between resource holders. An agency relationship arises whenever one or more individuals, called principals, hire one or more other individuals, called agents, to perform some service and then delegate decision-making authority to the agents. The primary agency relationships in business are those (1) between stockholders and managers and (2) between debtholders and stockholders. These relationships are not necessarily harmonious; indeed, agency theory is concerned with so-called agency conflicts, or conflicts of interest between agents and principals. This has implications for, among other things, corporate governance and business ethics. When agency occurs it also tends to give rise to agency costs, which are expenses incurred in order to sustain an effective agency relationship (e.g., offering management performance bonuses to encourage managers to act in the shareholders' interests). Accordingly, agency theory has emerged as a dominant model in the financial economics literature, and is widely discussed in business ethics texts. Agency theory in a formal sense originated in the early 1970s, but the concepts behind it have a long and varied history. Among the influences are property-rights theories, organization economics, contract law, and political philosophy, including the works of Locke and...
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...INTRODUCTION Welcome to Research Rundowns, a blog intended to simplify research methods in educational settings. I hope this site can serve as a quick, practical, and more importantly, relevant resource on how to read, conduct, and write research. The contents are an expansion and revision of my class materials, intended for use as a refresher or as a free introductory research methods course. Topics are organized into five main sections, with subsections (in parentheses): * Introduction (INTRO)–a brief overview of educational research methods (3) * Quantitative Methods (QUANT)–descriptive and inferential statistics (5) * Qualitative Methods (QUAL)–descriptive and thematic analysis (2) * Mixed Methods (MIXED)–integrated, synthesis, and multi-method approaches (1) * Research Writing (WRITING)–literature review and research report guides (5) Most subsection contains a non-technical description of the topic, a how-to interpret guide, a how-to set-up and analyze guide using free online calculators or Excel, and a wording results guide. All materials are available for general use, following the Creative Commons License. Introduction (INTRO)–a brief overview of educational research methods 1. What is Educational Research? (uploaded 7.17.09) 2. Writing Research Questions (uploaded 7.20.09) 3. Experimental Design (uploaded 7.20.09) ------------------------------------------------- Experimental Design The basic idea of experimental design involves...
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...for Staff Development In Social Service Agencies Michael J. Austin, PhD, Editor BASSC Staff Director Mack Professor of Nonprofit Management School of Social Welfare University of California, Berkeley 510-642-7066 mjaustin@berkeley.edu August 2006 1 Table of Contents Introduction – Michael J. Austin, Guest Editor Part I Multiple Social Science Perspectives of Poverty Theories of Poverty: Findings from Textbooks on Human Behavior and the Social Environment Amanda J. Lehning, Catherine M. Vu, & Indira Pintak Economic Theories of Poverty Sun Young Jung & Richard Smith Sociological Theories of Poverty in Urban America Jennifer Price Wolf Psychological Theories of Poverty Kelly Turner & Amanda Lehning An Anthropological View of Poverty Kristine Frerer & Catherine Vu Political Science Perspectives on Poverty Amanda Lehning Theories of Global Poverty in the Developed and Developing World Jennifer Morazes & Indira Pintak Part II Theory Integration and Practitioner Perspectives Social Capital and Neighborhood Poverty: Toward an Ecologically-Grounded Model of Neighborhood Effects Kathy Lemon Osterling Social Work Students’ Perceptions of Poverty Sherrill Clark The Explosive Nature of the Culture of Poverty: A Teaching Case Based on An Agency-based Training Program Catherine Vu & Michael J. Austin 2 Understanding Poverty From Multiple Social Science Perspectives Introduction This BASSC learning resource has its origins...
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