... 3 (SEPTEMBER 2006) P. 261 – 275 Possible Effects of Climate Warming on Selected Populations of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic IAN STIRLING1 and CLAIRE L. PARKINSON2 (Received 10 November 2005; accepted in revised form 25 January 2006) ABSTRACT. Polar bears depend on sea ice for survival. Climate warming in the Arctic has caused significant declines in total cover and thickness of sea ice in the polar basin and progressively earlier breakup in some areas. Inuit hunters in the areas of four polar bear populations in the eastern Canadian Arctic (including Western Hudson Bay) have reported seeing more bears near settlements during the open-water period in recent years. In a fifth ecologically similar population, no changes have yet been reported by Inuit hunters. These observations, interpreted as evidence of increasing population size, have resulted in increases in hunting quotas. However, long-term data on the population size and body condition of polar bears in Western Hudson Bay, as well as population and harvest data from Baffin Bay, make it clear that those two populations at least are more likely to be declining, not increasing. While the ecological details vary in the regions occupied by the five different populations discussed in this paper, analysis of passive-microwave satellite imagery beginning in the late 1970s indicates that the sea ice is breaking up at progressively earlier dates, so that bears must fast for longer periods during the...
Words: 12538 - Pages: 51
...UNIT 1 EDEXCEL GEOGRAPHY MAY 2010 QUESTION 8 a) Suggest why some groups and communities view the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet as an opportunity rather than a threat. (10) Some groups and communities view the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet as an opportunity rather than a threat because the melting ice creates some commercial advantages for the Arctic region; the Northern Sea Route, North of Canada, is the quickest way of travelling from Europe to the Pacific and Asia. This also increases the tourism opportunities because 30% of Inuit earn income from sculpture and printmaking for tourists, as the tourist ships are able to transport to the northern Canada. As the rapidly melting ice offers commercial opportunities in shipping, tourism and oil and gas extraction, the world’s largest economies are struggling but as well as trying to achieve and get hold of the region within the Arctic. A region in the Arctic thought to be contain 30% of the world’s undiscovered gas and 13%% of undiscovered oil. In addition, more oil can be used by groups of Inuit for essentials like the uses of fossil fuels. In Alaska, due to the new drilling activity, it creates new job opportunities and incomes for the local economy, which means more Inuit, get the job opportunities like this. Furthermore, there are currently four more mining operation being setting up and soon, it will provide jobs for natives in Greenland. In 2007, the Northwest Passage between Canada and Arctic melted enough to...
Words: 1142 - Pages: 5
...Assignment 1: Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Answer all assigned questions and problems, and show all work. 1. Explain and give an example for each type of intermolecular force. A: a. Dipole-dipole interaction: a dipole-dipole interaction is the electrostatic attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of the other. Dipole-dipole attraction occurs between molecules which are permanent dipoles (polar covalent molecules). An example of a dipole-dipole interaction is HCl and HCl. b. Dipole-induced dipole interaction: a dipole-induced dipole interaction is produced in neutral molecules when they are introduced into a magnetic field (i.e induced by an electric current or by a permanent dipole). Subjecting a neutral molecule to such magnetic fields has effects on the charge of the molecule. The negative charges concentrate in a specific point totally opposite from the positive charges. An example of dipole-induced dipole interaction is HCl and H2 c. Ion-dipole interaction: an ion-dipole interaction is the force between an ion and a neutral polar molecule which possess a dipole moment. Polar molecules are dipoles; they have a positive end and a negative end. The positive ions are attracted to the negative end of a dipole, while negative ions are attracted to the positive end. An example of ion-dipole interaction is K+ ---H2O d. Dispersion forces (London forces): London forces are weak intermolecular forces...
Words: 2850 - Pages: 12
...“Evaluation of Entry into Ice cream Business for Unilever Bangladesh Limited” Submitted to Sharmin Shabnam Rahman Lecturer BRAC Business School BRAC University Submitted by Md. Robin Miah Id# 06204032 BRAC University Date: 02-09-2010 September 2, 2010 SHARMIN SHABNAM RAHMAN Lecture BRAC Business School BRAC University Subject: Submission of Internship Report Dear Madam, This is to inform you that I am submitting the internship project report titled “Evaluation of Entry into Ice cream Business for Unilever Bangladesh Limited” upon completion of my formal internship attachment period from May 06, 2010 to July 06, 2010 with Unilever Bangladesh Limited. I would like to thank you and show my gratitude for your support and guidance that you provided me during the preparation of this report. Without your help it would have been impossible for me to prepare this report. I would like also show my gratitude to my Company supervisor MD. Risalat Siddique, Brand Manager, UBL for his support during my internship period. I have tried to discuss all the relevant points of a feasibility study while keeping consistency with Unilever Bangladesh Limited’s information confidentiality policy. I would be glad to clarify any discrepancy that may arise or any clarification that you may require regarding my project and report. Sincerely, ________________________ MD. ROBIN MIAH ID#06204032 BRAC University ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to show my sincere gratitude...
Words: 21020 - Pages: 85
...An Assignment On Marketing Plan on Igloo Ice cream Course Name: Marketing Management Course Code: BBA 2310 Section: C Prepared For: Jannatul Mawa Nupur Assistant Professor Marketing Northern University Bangladesh Prepared By: Rashid Ahmed Raihan BBA 120204715 Date of Submission: Saturday, 17December, 2013 1. INTRODUCTION The recent trend towards maintaining a solid platform by adding novelty imposes a challenge for majority ice cream companies in particular those, which are trying to conform their services to international standards in an erratic business environment. Igloo, believes in ensuring long-term existence by being profitable, successful and sustainable. They, very keenly take on customers’ advice, try and amend as well as add new dimension to their business in order to ensure survival in this highly competitive industry. This strategy has enabled them to successfully withstand the challenge to remain competitive with the leading edge technologies as well as products and maintain a remarkable market share of 63%. In comparison its major competitor Polar occupies a 24% share of the market followed by Savoy with a 10%, Kwality 2% and others 1% of the market share. Hence, from here conclusion can be drawn that Igloo commits in providing value added products, demonstrating the business’s commitment to use resources optimally. 1.2 OBJECTIVES: 1. To give an insight to the company and the product line. 2. To analysis the marketing...
Words: 4427 - Pages: 18
...expeditions Scotland, Arctic & Russia Scotland and Faroe Islands | European Arctic | Russian Arctic | Russian Far East 2012 it Stra it tra Denmark S Denmark ATLANT C A T L A N T II C OCEAN OCEAN St Kilda St Kilda Reykjavik Reykjavik GREENLAND GREENLAND Isafjordur Isafjordur ICELAND ICELAND Oban Oban Faroe Faroe Islands Islands ouu SSo b byy ss ree or So Scc nd nd 90° 90° 60° 60° 30° 30° Edinburgh Edinburgh UK UK Norweg an N o r w e g iia n Shetland Islands Shetland Islands G een and G rre e n lla n d Sea Sea Spitsbergen Spitsbergen Longyearbyen Longyearbyen 0° 0° North North Sea Sea NORWAY NORWAY Sea Sea North North Pole Pole 30° 30° 60° 60° 90° 90° Franz Josef Franz Josef Land Land Novaya Novaya Zemlya Zemlya 2012 EXPEDITION PROGRAM CRUISE DATES VOYAGE * Kayaking Option # Diving Option WILD SCOTLAND & EUROPEAN ARCTIC 11-24 June 14 days WILD SCOTLAND AND THE FAROE ISLANDS*# SPITSBERGEN ODYSSEY* SPITSBERGEN ODYSSEY*# JEWELS OF THE ARCTIC *# JEWELS OF THE ARCTIC * RUSSIAN COAST TIC IC ARC T ARC E CL E L CIR C CIR B aren ts B aren ts Murmansk Murmansk Sea Sea a lya mly em Ze aaZ yy vaa oov N N Kara Kara Sea Sea PAGE 8 R R 19-29 July 11 days 29 July-8 Aug 11 days 8-21 Aug 14 days 21 Aug-3 Sept 14 days 10 10 12 12 25 June-7 July 13 days 7-19 July 13 days 19-31 July 13 days 31 July-13 Aug 14 days 13 Aug-7 Sept 26 days 8-21 Sept 14 days RING OF FIRE* BERING SEA EXPLORER*...
Words: 19097 - Pages: 77
...MACROSCALE SYNTHESIS OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID 1Alleyromae O. Indong, 2Aldrin M. Pragacha, 3Vince Neil B. Balaguer 1Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila, Philippines Date Performed: December 3, 6, 2014 Date Submitted: December 17, 2014 Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid or Aspirin is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. It was synthesized to alter the corrosive nature of Salicylic acid that causes gastric pain in the mouth and esophagus. Aspirin can be synthesized by the reaction of Salicylic acid with acetic anhydride and 85% Phosphoric acid as the catalyst when heated in a water bath at 90°C. The formation of white crystals after scratching the solution and after cooling in an ice bath indicates the presence of the product formed after the reaction. Solubility test with water and toluene, melting point determination by oil bath and thin layer chromatography by different kinds of solvents such as 10%EA in DCM, 30%EA in DCM, 10% hexane in EA and 10% DCM in Acetone are confirmatory tests for the presence of Acetylsalicylic acid. Thin layer chromatography is an analytical technique to determine the identity of the substances and to determine the effectiveness of purification. Keywords: Acetylsalicylic acid, solubility test, melting point, thin layer chromatography Introduction Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly called “aspirin” is an analgesic, an antipyretic and an anti-inflammatory...
Words: 1822 - Pages: 8
...candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer two questions. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (CW) 47397/3 © UCLES 2012 [Turn over 2 Answer two questions 1 In the following passage, from a travel website, the writer describes his first experience of a wedding in Mongolia. (a) Comment on the style and language of the passage. [15] (b) The same writer visits another country. He puts an account of his experience of one of its national customs on the same website. Write the opening of the account (between 120–150 words). Base your answer closely on the style and language of the original extract. [10] Throughout the evening people came to warn me about themselves. They sat on the grass outside my tent, unburdening themselves with confessions. The following day would be difficult, they said. Weddings were boisterous occasions. People became unpredictable. They counselled me about particular individuals, then admitted that they themselves could be as bad as the next fellow. I would be wise to get away early before things got...
Words: 3019 - Pages: 13
...and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. Pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Answer all the questions. Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • • • • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. You will be awarded marks in questions 1(b), 2(c)(ii), 3(c) and 4(b)(i) for the quality of written communication of your answer. This document consists of 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. © OCR 2011 [K/501/5658] DC (SM/JG) 23456/6 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over 2 Section A – Hot Deserts and Extreme Environments generally Answer all questions. 1 Study Figs 1A to 1C. Fig. 1B is in the Insert. Mingulay is an uninhabited island off the north west coast of Scotland. The last residents left in 1912 when they found that they were unable to make a living in the harsh conditions. The ruined village is slowly being engulfed by the advancing sand...
Words: 1461 - Pages: 6
...GS1140_Burke Mindy Cohen Project B: Living on another Planet/Designing a Green building Biosphere-Project — Dan Burke’s Class Purpose - A Feasibility Study - to see how different planetary light cycles/ seasonal changes and isolation does to the behavior of 25 humans, plants and animals on the surface of Mars. Duration of experiment 5 Years. **** (Why this project is not feasible at this time--We can’t work/live safely on the surface of mars without getting radiation poisoning, the atmosphere is too thin for us to breathe. It’s consists mostly of carbon dioxide, and temperatures on Mars can dip down to -87 degrees C, and rarely get above 0 degrees C). We definitely should first try to build something similar on earth, perhaps on the ocean surface or on the ocean floor- this also would be very difficult, but at least if anything goes wrong, we are not so far from home. MARS – What resources are readily available on the Surface? Weather Conditions, Gravity. How long is a day, Seasonal changes? Soil conditions? In 2013, NASA's Curiosity rover discovered that Mars' soil contains between 1.5% and 3% water by mass (about two pints of water per cubic foot or 33 liters per cubic meter, albeit attached to other compounds and thus not freely accessible). Besides silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in the Martian crust are iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium. The Phoenix lander returned data showing Martian soil to be slightly alkaline and containing elements...
Words: 1576 - Pages: 7
...Dipoles (Overhead & book p 585) Covalent bond energies 100-400 kJ/mol Attractive forces between ions 700-100 kJ/mol Intermolecular attractions less than 15% of bond energies Intermolecular Forces Ion-Ion Forces Na+ — Cl- in salt. These are the strongest forces. Lead to solids with high melting temperatures. NaCl, mp = 800 oC MgO, mp = 2800 oC Intermolecular Attractions Coulomb’s Law Force ~ (n+)(n-)/d2 Distance - twice the distance = 1/4 the force Charge on the Ion Magnitude of the dipole Composition - Solids and Liquids are closer so composition has greater role in attractive forces Attraction Between Ions and Permanent Dipoles Water is highly polar and can interact with positive ions to give hydrated ions in water. Attraction Between Ions and Permanent Dipoles Water is highly polar and can interact with positive ions to give hydrated ions in water. Dissolving Ionic Solids Attraction Between Ions and Permanent Dipoles Many metal ions are hydrated. It is the reason metal salts dissolve in water. Attraction Between Ions and Permanent Dipoles Attraction between ions and dipole depends on ion charge and ion-dipole distance. Measured by DHhydration for Mn+ + H2O --> [M(H2O)x]n+ Solvation (aka hydration) Attraction Between Ions and Permanent Dipoles Attraction between ions and dipole depends on ion charge and ion-dipole distance. Measured by DH for Mn+ + H2O --> [M(H2O)x]n+ Consider the following Explain why...
Words: 4302 - Pages: 18
...criteria the degree of aridity and warmth. Aridity is not simply a matter of low precipitation but of the effective precipitation i.e. precipitation minus evaporation. The ratio of rainfall/temperature has been used as such an index of precipitation effectiveness or the ground that higher temperatures in cease evaporation. W. KOPPEN CLASSFICATION A prime example of this type of classification is W. Koppen published between 1900 and 1936. The key features of Koppen’s final classifications are temperature criteria and aridity criteria. Temperature Criteria Five of the six major climatic types are recognized of the basis of monthly mean temperature. A tropical rainy climatic types are recognized or the basis of monthly mean temperature. B) Dry months C) Warm temperature rainy climates coldest month between –3C And 18C warmest month between 10C D) Cold bored forest climates coldest month – 3C...
Words: 3093 - Pages: 13
...consequences; it has created many secondary effects. By heating up the planet the ice caps have begun melting; this in turns increases the amount of water...
Words: 1086 - Pages: 5
...Ohio because ocean has risen due to the polar ice caps melting, where overpopulation is occurring because states are slowly being swallowed by the sea and where tornados and hurricanes are common place. i. This is an extremist view on what global warming could lead to in the next couple hundred years. And even if these things do not happen as quickly as this extreme viewpoint suggests this will happen eventually if nothing is done. ii. The question then becomes what should be done? Many politicians talk a lot about how laws need to be implemented to reduce our effect on global warming. I’m here to tell you all that this is not the right plan of action and that what should be done is THESIS: government spending should be spent on developing new “green” technologies and for incentive programs rather than on “green” laws because it is better for the economy in the short run and will be better for the environment in the long run. II. Background/Need a. Global warming is a problem that already has been impacting the weather and will continue to impact the weather in the future. i. National Geographic says, “The rate of warming is increasing. The 20th century's last two decades were the hottest in 400 years and possibly the warmest for several millennia” (National Geographic). ii. According to Time magazine it’s a good possibility that by 2050 the polar ice caps could be completely gone if we continue on the path we are on (Kluger). b. The vast majority of the scientific population...
Words: 1532 - Pages: 7
