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Living On Another Planet
Final Project
8/27/2013
Michael Wittig
Joshua ZieglerChris Sandoval |

Introduction
The professional organization our mission would emulate would be similar to European space agency. This formation would be under NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and operate using a treasury allocated by NATO. The group will be identified as MEO (Mars Exploration Organization). The organization was founded October 11, 2012 and the central headquarters is in Jona, Switzerland. MEO’s mission statement c is “Mars Exploration Organization’s purpose shall be to provide for, and to promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among all countries in space research and technology and their space applications, with a view to their being used for scientific purposes and for operational space applications systems in the goal of colonizing Mars.” The service it provides is a central location for engineers and scientists to conduct research, planning and building of equipment.
There is no set membership cost due to each country. The cost of building the equipment and maintaining the industry like facilities is paid by NATO and it comes out of the dues paid by the countries that chose to be members of NATO. The reason for choosing MEO was due to the planning of the mission being a worldwide endeavor with the goal being the exploration and colonization of Mars. The idea is rather than a single country trying to pull resources through contracts with international construction and manufacturing companies, the group MEO would unite the worldwide companies for a single purpose

Location/Climate The planet we chose to live on is Mars because it is the closest planet within the sun’s habitable zone that also has water that can be drilled and harvested. The planet is the 4th planet from the sun and the smallest in our solar system. The planet is currently not suitable for humans to live on without artificial sources brought from our planet but through time and terraforming the environment it could be a lot like Earth. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars has about half the diameter of Earth. It is less dense than Earth, having about 15% of Earth's volume and 11% of the mass. Its surface area is only slightly less than the total area of Earth's dry land. Mars is a terrestrial planet that consists of minerals containing silicon and oxygen, metals, and other elements that typically make up rock. The planet also has two very large polar ice caps that if melted, would cover almost the entire surface of Mars. Those ice caps are going to be the key to living on this planet because they consist mainly of water that can be harnessed for life and terraforming.
Of all the planets in the solar system, the seasons of Mars are the most Earth-like, due to the similar tilts of the two planets' rotational axes. The lengths of the Martian seasons are about twice those of Earth's, as Mars's greater distance from the sun leads to the Martian year being about two Earth years long. Martian surface temperatures vary from lows of about −143 °C (at the winter polar caps) to highs of up to 35 °C (in equatorial summer). The wide range in temperatures is due to the thin atmosphere which cannot store much solar heat, the low atmospheric pressure, and the low thermal inertia of Martian soil. The planet is also 1.52 times as far from the sun as Earth, resulting in just 43% of the amount of sunlight.

Purpose For an initial team of explorers and engineers the group would travel in multiple ships to Mars. The ships that have been chosen are based on a concept design that will allow for five hundred people to be onboard each ship and travel to mars in less than 6 months of travel time. The expected time to build the first ship will be 10 to 15 years. The time needed will drop to 5 years for each additional ship, since the platform and construction yard will be in place for continuous construction. The ship will be built entirely in the high orbit above earth and the ship yard will be constructed for workers to live on and work in shifts to complete the project. The reason for living on another planet is to be able to start the exploration of humans to other planets and to thrive. The steps that need to be taken would be the ones to allow for inter galaxy travel and would allow for humans to continue the exploration of space. The biggest reason for moving a population to another planet will be for scientific exploration and the continuing need to obtain more knowledge and building technology to have a greater purpose. Humans have been fascinated with exploring and colonizing new places in the attempt to create a better place to live.
Climate characteristics
The measurable data of Mars is as follows:
Surface pressure: 6.36 mb at mean radius (variable from 4.0 to 8.7 mb depending on season)[6.9 mb to 9 mb (Viking 1 Lander site)]
Surface density: ~0.020 kg/m3
Total mass of atmosphere: ~2.5 x 1016 kg
Average temperature: ~210 K (-63 C)
Diurnal temperature range: 184 K to 242 K (-89 to -31 C) (Viking 1 Lander site)
Wind speeds: 2-7 m/s (summer), 5-10 m/s (fall), 17-30 m/s (dust storm) (Viking Lander sites)
Mean molecular weight: 43.34 g/mole

Atmospheric composition (by volume): Major : Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 95.32% ; Nitrogen (N2) - 2.7% Argon (Ar) - 1.6%; Oxygen (O2) - 0.13%; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 0.08% Minor (ppm): Water (H2O) - 210; Nitrogen Oxide (NO) - 100; Neon (Ne) - 2.5; Hydrogen-Deuterium-Oxygen (HDO) - 0.85; Krypton (Kr) - 0.3; Xenon (Xe) - 0.08
(Williams, 2013)
Life Support Systems In order for our new society to survive and thrive on Mars, the necessities of life need to be established. Water, food, shelter are the first things that need to be step up upon arrival to the planet. The polar ice caps would be our first water source to establish a water purification plant. Food would be brought with the space ships as a 100% renewable source such as farming and livestock. Air production will be in the form of air purification systems and plant life for carbon dioxide recycling. With us on our trip to Mars are going to be the nation’s top biologists and scientists to start a terraforming project. Our ultimate goal is going to be to change the landscape and climate through terraforming the environment to get the planet as close to another Earth as we possibly can. If this can be accomplished we will have two habitable planets at our race’s disposal and the possibilities for expansion will be endless for generations to come.
Community Design The Mars Exploration Organization’s community layout is going to be as practical but functional as we can make it. The society’s structures are going to be fully enclosed with their own renewable air sources because the air is not breathable yet. Our community is only going to be a few hundred people at first, but given time and population growth through child birth and immigration from Earth we expect that to grow upwards of 10,000 people ten years after we first land. Our Martian community’s buildings and structures are going to be pre-constructed on Earth and assembled by engineers once we reach the planet. They are going to be as light weight and structurally perfect as our top MEO engineers will be designing them. Modifications and revisions are going to be expected due to the unpredictability of the Martian climate, as well as a regular inspection and maintenance schedule.
Social Structure/Economy
The economic structure would model that of an “ideal democracy”. The voice of the people is going to be the deciding factor in all matters within the society that require a government decision. Law enforcement is going to be brought from Earth and will include some of the most highly trained and experienced officers that are hand-picked before the ships ever leave earth.
References
Mars “ Facts and Information about the Planet Mars | Space.com . (n.d.). Space and NASA News – Universe and Deep Space Information | Space.com . Retrieved August 14, 2013, from http://www.space.com/47-mars-the-red-planet-fourth-planet-from-the-sun.html
Mars, Mars Information, Red Planet Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic. (n.d.). Science and Space Facts, Science and Space, Human Body, Health, Earth, Human Disease - National Geographic. Retrieved August 14, 2013, from http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/mars-article/
Wall, M., Space.com., & 08.13.13. (n.d.). The Mars Society. The Mars Society. Retrieved August 14, 2013, from http://www.marssociety.org/ century, t. 1., year, 1. I., & Schiaparelli, I. a. (n.d.). Mars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved August 14, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars