...International Perspective on HIV/AIDS Kionia Long University of South Florida Word Count: 2317 Abstract The Purpose of the world review paper is to gain an international perspective regarding the effects of HIV and AIDs in Liberia. Liberia also known as the Republic of Liberia is located in West Africa. Liberia has a population of 4 million individuals. It’s estimated that 30,000 of those individuals have either the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The most vulnerable of Liberia’s population are women young girls, and infants. Because of Liberia’s economic status resources are not as abundant as the Unites Stated. Some comparisons and contrasts between the United States of American and Liberia were conducted regarding treatment guidelines and resources, monthly treatment expenses, and prevention methods to decrease the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This will allow a better understanding of methods utilized by the United States and Liberia regarding preventing and managing the spread of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS) in their country. International Perspective on HIV/AIDS “As the causative agent of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continue to be a major problem in the United States and in many other countries around the world”(Li et al., 2015, p. 1). The foreign country being discussed regarding...
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...The United States HIV prevention efforts are guided by a single strategy for combating the HIV epidemic: the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). On July 13, 2010 the White House in coordination with the CDC released the nations first-ever comprehensive coordinated HIV/AIDS roadmap with measurable targets that need to be achieved by 2015. The vision for the NHAS is that “The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination (White House)”. The National HIV/AIDS strategy was developed to address three main goals: “Reducing the number or people who become infected with HIV, increasing access to care and optimizing health outcomes for people living with HIV, and reducing HIV-related health disparities” (White House). In order to decrease the number of people who become infected with HIV it is important to know who currently has the virus, what risk factors increase a person’s likelihood of contracting the virus, and where the virus is most prevalent. This information is obtained by the CDC through surveillance. Surveillance is the “ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV/AIDS surveillance observes records and disseminates reports about...
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...politics of HIV/AIDS Disease is all around us and when an epidemic hits, it’s not exactly something that everyone can ignore, however when that epidemic turns into a pandemic, many Americans often times pay less attention to the disease in our own country, and more attention to what we are doing in other countries to stop the infection from migrating further. There are currently thirty five million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS and only 1.1 million of those cases are in the United States.(avert.org) With millions of people becoming newly infected each year, many have hoped that with new technological advances, and advances in treatments in medicine, the disease could be contained and maybe someday, cured. However, these hopes have ceased and the realization that this disease has more of an impact than many originally imagined, has ensued. People who originally put this disease on the back burner and saw it as only a small issue affecting a small amount of people, are now expressing their concerns not only for their wellbeing, but for the wellbeing of the country as a whole. These concerns, as well as the concerns for citizens of other countries, have forced many political decisions to be made including the use of foreign aid, and this disease will only continue to have political and economic impacts on the United States both nationally and internationally. From early on, national governments often denied the existence of HIV/AIDS, disregarded...
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... July 17, 2013 Ramiro Sandoval, MBA Demographic AIDS have made an impact in every community within the United States. Almost every person at some point has been affected by the preventable, but incurable disease. This paper is will address the targeted population with people who have AIDS. Also, data about the population demographics, and the general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market, why and how will changes in the demographics of this population affect health care. Furthermore, identify two key health care-related challenges with patients with AIDS, and describe how a chronic disease wellness programs may affect the cost for the demographic. And last, how can an individual patient in the community and society as whole address these challenges. The Center for Disease Control (CDC), has estimated that there are more than one million people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States (Center of Disease Control, 2011). AIDS arrived in the United States in 1969 through an infected immigrant from Haiti. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an estimated one million or more people that were infected with AIDS and half million individuals had died from AIDS in the United States. HIV is a silent disease that can be undetected. CDC stated that roughly fifty thousand annual infections between 2006 and 2009 in the United States are infected with AIDS. The largest number of AIDS was among white men who have sex with men followed by African-American...
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...sarcoma, became oddly prevalent among young homosexual men. By the end of 1981, of the 270 reported cases of unexplained immunodeficiency, 121 individuals had died. The unknown disease was dubbed GRID (Gay-Related ImmunoDeficiency) by the American media, and this was the root of much stigmatization against HIV-positive individuals and homosexuals that unfortunately remains today. It was obvious that a national health crisis was developing, however, current United States President Ronald Reagan remain oddly silent, no national response or policy was established, and stigma was allow to run rampant, severely impacting...
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...Conspiracy of AIDS Thousands of conspiracy theories are tossed about everyday making outrageous claims about something not fully understood by the theories creators. On subject in particular that has been the subject to many of these often ridiculous accusations are ones about AIDS. Today, most people believe that HIV and AIDS originated in Africa. However, the reality is that no one really knows where the AIDS virus originated. Due to numerous counts of cases and other important factors of AIDS, there are many different possibilities that have been proposed regarding the derivation of the disease. For instance, the conspiracy theory that was first introduced to the people of the world was that AIDS was contracted by a monkey bite. But now we know it is impossible. Some people say that it wasn’t nature that created AIDS: it was the U.S Government. According to this conspiracy theory, the U.S Government made AIDS in effort to rule out homosexuals and black people because these two minority groups are two of the most disliked minority groups in America. Though the conspiracy theory, known as the AIDS/bio warfare theory, proposes some suspicious and persuasive arguments, there is no possible way that the U.S Government created HIV. First of all, it is important to know what HIV and AIDS are. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. It is a Lentivirus, which means “slow virus” because...
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...Running Head: AIDS AIDS Michael W. McAlister Baker College Center for Graduate Studies Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 History 6 Origin 9 The Hunter Theory 9 The Ingestion Theory 9 Polio Vaccination Theory 10 The Conspiracy Theory 10 Spread 11 Research 12 Infection 13 Prevention 13 Cure 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Abstract This library research paper will provide the reader with a history of AIDS, where and how it originated as well as the public’s common belief of how AIDS was transmitted to humans, subsequently creating an unstoppable pandemic. This article provides scientific substantiation on the spread infection and prevention of the disease as it known today. Introduction A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large regions such as a continent or spreads worldwide (Pandemic, 2010). Since the eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds, the United States has battled many pandemics and outbreaks of various diseases that have had devastating effects on the public health during the periods they existed by causing thousands of deaths. Pandemics such as the polio pandemic which broke out in 1916 was responsible for killing 6,000 people, the great influenza of 1918 also known as the Spanish Flu was responsible for killing 50 to 100 million people in just six months (The Worst Outbreaks of Disease, n.d.). The number of people killed by this...
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...Culture and Disease Paper The Southern United States is known for a slow, laid back pace of life. It is known for Southern hospitality and charm. It is also known for its historical Civil War battles and dark roots in slavery. The South is quickly gaining a reputation for something few people are talking about; it has become the center of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. The United States Census Bureau defines the south as the District of Colombia and the 16 states south of the Mississippi River. These states are Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Texas (Census Bureau, 2012). The region accounts for only 37% of the United States population, however in 2009, 46% of all new AIDS cases were in the south (Reif, Whetten, & Wilson, 2012). Furthermore, in 2008 43% of people living with HIV were from the southern region (Reif et al, 2012). The south also has the highest rate of HIV related deaths and the highest level of HIV morbidity (Reif et al, 2012). To fully understand impact of these numbers one must understand what HIV and AIDS are, the modes of HIV transmission, possible treatments, the methods available to control the spread of HIV, the factors that make this population vulnerable to the condition, what role social and cultural influences play in the disease, how these factors impact treatment, and what health and wellness strategies...
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...HIV/AIDS Kristen McReynolds, Jovanna Guerrero-Cortes, Teresa Risien BSHS/302 April 30, 2012 Maxine Proctor University of Phoenix HIV and AIDS is a very vulnerable population that affects the global community on several aspects. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is not like most viruses whereas most viruses your immune system will fight the virus and get rid of it, the immune system simply cannot fight the HIV virus. HIV attacks several parts of the immune system and when it attacks too many cells the body cannot fight the infection anymore leading to the virus known as AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is the final stage of the HIV infection and requires in depth medical treatment to prevent death from occurring in people who have the virus. Here we will discuss how the HIV and AIDS population affects the global community as a whole. The nature of the population is a key element that helps us to fully understand how the community is affected, as well as geographical statistics, who is affected by HIV/AIDS, and the impact the virus has on the population. As a community we must focus on Social issues, as well as some human service Macro intervention strategies. Geographic evidence shows that poor urban areas are more particularly affected by HIV and AIDS. Nowhere is this more evident than in Washington D.C. where the AIDS epidemic has been described as “the most complete example of a domestic urban epidemic...
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...Running head: AIDS/HIV IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY MBA 530 Community Health Evaluation/Epidemiology Dr. Patricia Pierce Latoya Blain 06/17/2012 AIDS/HIV in the African American Community Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents 40% of the total deaths in the U.S. Besides, it is estimated that those living with HIV in the U.S. are more than one million, half of whom are blacks (NASTAD, 2005). The probability of having been infected with HIV/AIDS among the African Americans is one on every 16 (for the black males) and 1 in every 30 people (for the black women). Washington D.C. has the highest prevalence of HIV infection, at three percent; with 75% of the infected people being African Americans. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy has reported that African Americans form the greatest proportion of the many cases of HIV/AIDS in the various transmission sorts, including among women, injection drug users, infants and heterosexual men (The White House, 2010). From the above statistics, one may, therefore, wonder African Americans as affected by AIDS in such a disproportionate manner. Historically, it was back in the early 1980s...
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...Hall HIV AIDS in Southeastern U.S United States Statistics show that the AIDS epidemic began in 1981. Since then 1.7 million Americans have been infected with HIV. A number of 583,298 U.S. citizens have died due to AIDS-related causes. 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and don’t even know it. An estimated 21% of people living with HIV are undiagnosed. AIDS spread so fast that every 9.5 minutes; someone in the U.S. is infected with HIV. The leading cause of the spreading disease is said to be gay and bisexual men. Gay and bisexual men continue to spread the HIV infection. They are accounted for an estimated 53% of new HIV infections. Also, African-Americans and Latinos are affected by HIV and AIDS as well. However, Blacks are accounted for 45% of new HIV infections in 2006. There is 47% of Black living with the disease and they make up only 12% of the U.S. population. Latinos account for 17% of new infections. They comprise 15% of the U.S. population. Whites represent 35% of new infections and account for 66% of the total population (HIV/AIDS Facts). The AIDS case rate for African Americans is more than 9 times that of whites. Also the HIV rate is 7 times greater among blacks than whites. Survival after an AIDS diagnosis is lower for blacks than any other racial/ethnic group. The largest share of any age group is young adults and teens between 13 and 29 that represent 34% of new HIV infections. Black teens that become affected represent 68% of reported AIDS cases among...
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...The United Nations Millennium Development Goals In September 2000, all 191 UN member states have agreed and signed a declaration to try to achieve eight goals by the year 2015. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, promote gender equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, develop a global partnership for development are the eight goals developed by the members of UN (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). The purpose of this paper is to give an overview about Millennium Development Goal 6 which is, Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases. Implication for Millennium Development Goals The eight Millennium Development Goals are a global agenda to improve the wellbeing of people around the world. The progress report on MDG issued in 2009, shows that policies and actions backed by adequate funding and strong political commitment can yield results. Death rate due to AIDS, have significantly reduced and many countries are implementing strategies to combat malaria and measles. There are many challenges still remaining due to the current economic status of several countries (Mattson, 2010) Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB are major challenges of public health in the poorest countries of the world. Every 30 seconds, a child in Africa is dying due to Malaria. Many children who suffer from Malaria...
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...and AIDS, a Deadly Combination AIDS in this age is an unfortunately ignored topic. The number of HIV and AIDS patients in the United States is steadily increasing each year. The age of those infected is becoming younger as well and little media attention is being directed at those affected by this disease. The increase of HIV infection is becoming parallel to the lack of proper sex education in schools across the country. With a lack of education in the country about safe sex, HIV infection undoubtedly will increase. Due to lack of government intervention on the topic, the people must begin to increase their own level of intervention. The patent was designed for the protection of financial investment. When it comes to pharmaceuticals, there is no more perfect example to the destructive power of patents. Amazingly, there are drugs which suppress the HIV virus and allow its victims to live a life as long as any other person. In the United States however, patents exist which allow for pharmaceutical companies to increase the price for their manufactured drugs to an irresponsible amount. For each year, an HIV/AIDS victim must pay between $2,100 to $11,815 dollar each year. The most common population of HIV/AIDS victims earn near minimum wage, which is about $14,000 per year if working 40 hours each week. The cost involved in being a victim of a virus such as HIV/AIDS is incredibly high in the United States. Due to the relation of HIV/AIDS infection in the United States and...
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...HIV/AIDS IN LOUISIANA 2010 While the Federal government’s investment in treatment and research is helping people with HIV/AIDS live longer and more productive lives, HIV continues to spread at a staggering national rate. The latest incidence data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates nationally there were 48,100 new HIV infections in 2009. The graph below depicts the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Louisiana through 2010 according the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. Note that the following HIV/AIDS statistics only represent a portion of the epidemic in the U.S.—those cases that have been both confirmed through testing and reported. Reported AIDS Casesi Number Currently Living with HIV (not AIDS) Number Currently Living with HIV/AIDS Number Currently Living with AIDS Cumulative AIDS Cases 25000 20,923 20,143 20000 18,308 17,387 16,277 15,323 15000 10000 8,684 7,593 9,379 10,035 8,273 8,008 5000 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 Last Updated: July 21, 2011 Demographic Trendsii The HIV/AIDS epidemic disproportionately affects those at risk from social factors such as disparity and discrimination. The following demographic numbers are from the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals as of December 31, 2010. PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS BY GENDER, 2010 Female 30% Male 70% PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS BY RACE / ETHNICITY, 2010 Black, Not Hispanic White, Not Hispanic ...
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...HIV in the African American Population HIV in the African American Population The year was 1981, and the first discovered cases of PCP, Pneumocystis Cabrini pneumonia was discovered in five young males who did not fit the norm for being diagnosed with this disease. In 1983, the isolation of a T lymph tropic retrovirus was found. In January 1983, the CDC reported a new disease which could be sexually transmitted both homosexually and heterosexual, passed from mother to infant, through blood and blood products. A note was made that the disease could also be passed from a negative host, who carried the disease asymptomatically. On February 7th, the world takes notice of the African American blacks and their relationship with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2006, blacks composed approximately 12% of the United States population over the age of 13. Out of that reported number it was estimated that 46% of them are living with HIV/AIDS. 63% of those cases were from between male to male cases, with 83% new cases being from high risk heterosexual black females. The numbers from the CDC report it is an estimated 12.3 per 10,000 blacks that are currently affected yearly. Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents...
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