...In the 1990’s crime was a foot more than it had been every before, as an effect states like New York and California issued an Habitual offender law known as the Three Strike Law. The basic concept of this law is, if an offender is found guilty of 3 or more serious criminal offenses the punishment would gradually become harsh. Within time the punishment would become life in prison without the chance of parole. The intent of this law was to stop and detour murders, robbery of a residence in which a deadly or dangerous weapon is used, rape and other sex offenses. It was later discovered that most of those sentence under this rule had non-violent offences. The initial reaction to the Three Strike rule was positive, however in resent year the overall...
Words: 437 - Pages: 2
...controversial in forensic psychology and psychiatry. Even with the controversy, lawmakers in many states have passed laws requiring the civil commitment of inmates that suffer from psychological and behavior abnormalities and a past of committing sexual offenses. Most states call for inpatient confinement in facilities that are secure. Pennsylvania would rather focus on a model that is designed for outpatients. Pennsylvania has a very tough approach on crimes that are determined to be sexual in nature. The state legislature went as far as to pass a law that called for the death penalty for those that are determined to be repeat offenders. Unfortunately the Supreme Court determined that this law was unconstitutional in nature and repelled it. The latest move by the legislators is to have a task force to go after and apprehend sexual offenders that have violated the conditions of their parole or probation and placing new probationers and parolees on strict electronic ankle monitoring. The governor, Tom Corbett, has ask...
Words: 1140 - Pages: 5
...When you imagine a sex offender, who do you see? Do you picture an unkempt man with balding hair, dirty clothes, and a grin that gives you chills? You’d be incorrect. This is just a popular stereotype, and unfortunately, sex offenders, more likely than not, look just like your postman, or the business man who lives two doors down. In fact, usually they are intelligent, charming, likeable, and successful individuals. These predators can be from any economic group, any ethnicity, and religious background. And most unsettling, they can be someone your child doesn’t know or, quite often, someone your child knows very well. The common myths of sex offenders are too familiar; This article will dispel these common myths about the sexual offenders...
Words: 1024 - Pages: 5
...What Works with Juvenile Offenders Juvenile Offenders are categorized differently than their adult counterparts for a variety of reasons. The primary reason is that as an offender who is not yet an adult, they are still considered a protected class due to their age and the concern of disrupting their rights to council and the rights of their parents to help dictate the events in their lives. Over the past few decades there have been several studies completed correlating the quantitative analysis in primary research studies with success rates of juvenile offender treatment. Because of the repeated success of certain treatments over others, these studies have lead to an agreement on what programs and intervention strategies work and which have little to no repeated success. By analyzing these treatment strategies as they have been portrayed in academic literature and through the primary research that has been completed, a summary analysis of what plans work when dealing with juvenile offenders will be devised and put forth as the best option for treatment. The first aspect to analyze when dealing with implementing a new strategy for juvenile offender reformation and treatment plans is the idea of quality of the plan versus quantity of sessions required with all individuals in correctional institutions across the United States. In the past two decades, the numbers of individuals within the correctional systems across the United States has skyrocketed. In 2004, the jump in population...
Words: 3477 - Pages: 14
...of appeals for the Second Circuit on John Doe claim under 42 U.S.C 1983 that Connecticut’s sexual offender registration law violates the Due process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and disputing public disclosure of information contained in the registry. Facts: Connecticut’s Megan’s law requires all persons convicted of sexual offenses to register with the Department of Public Safety (DPS) after being released from prison for the next 10 years or life. On an Internet Web site that is available to the public, the DPS requires a sex offender to registry his/her name, addresses and photographs. John Doe, a convicted sex offender who is subject to the law, filed suit 42 U.S.C 1983, claiming that the law violates the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause and he only wants to prove that he is not current dangerous and that Connecticut law’s registration does not apply. Issue: Does the Connecticut’s Megan’s Law violate John Doe registrant’s right to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment and how do you apply it to sex offender who was convicted before the Connecticut’s Megan’s Law was establish. Because John Doe was convicted before the law was passed, so such disclosure both deprived him (registered sex offenders) of a liberty interest and violated the Due Process Clause not granting a hearing to determine a registered sex offenders to be currently dangerous. Ruling and Reasoning: The Second Circuit Court judgment was reversed because...
Words: 396 - Pages: 2
...LAT1 - Serial Killers Abstract This paper that was written explores how a person is born innocent, and evolves into a monstrous and calculated serial killer. It will mention several different specific serial killers and their histories to support the facts. Another area that is explored is the difference between mass murderers and serial killers. Many times theses terms are used simultaneously; however the fact is that they are different. Reviewing the classifications, behaviors, motives, childhood neglect, sanity, and how profiling and other methods will assist in catching a serial killer. Understanding and studying serial killers can help in preventing them to start killing, or in catching them before they continue killing. Research shows that the problem of serial killing can be addressed by understanding its causes, identifying common behaviors and motivations of serial killers, and using this information to develop tools for law enforcement to prevent initial or repeated killings If a person commits a murder, it doesn’t constitute to be tagged a serial killing. I will be including material in order to define what serial killer is, and why we are so obsessed with understanding them. To fully discuss and understand serial killers, we must first distinguish the differences between them and mass murderers. The term mass murderer is often used interchangeably; however, the two terms are technically different. Mass murder occurs when a large number of people...
Words: 2816 - Pages: 12
...Categories of Computer Crime Shanice A Gilliard Prof. Carl Brown CIS 170 January 27, 2014 There are four types of computer crimes. The purpose of this paper is to explain each type and provide an example. During the course of this paper, I will also decide which type of crime in my opinion represents the greatest overall threat and give ways the government along with law enforcement agencies can attempt to counteract these crimes. Types of Crimes The four types of computer crime are as follows: (1) the computer as a target, (2) the computer as an instrument of the crime, (3) the computer as incidental to crime, and (4) crimes associated with prevalence of computers. As technology changes every day, you can always expect many more new offenders, offenses, and victims to appear simply based on the quality of knowledge someone possesses and also by the quality of the technology they are able to access. The better the quality the more extensive the damage will be. Being able to distinguish between these different categories is another thing that may seem difficult. Examples of Crimes The first type of computer crime is using the computer as a target. This is defined as a basic denial towards the owner of the system or by altering the data on the network itself. Altering the data or denying access to the system or network can be harmful to as business because it can prevent them from offering products or services to clients or it can also prevent the client access to their records...
Words: 1015 - Pages: 5
...for the UK to raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the last decade, providing substantial evidence in favour of doing so. The evidence supporting the need to raise this minimum age can be found not only in psychology and scientific research regarding the brain development of youth and autonomy of children at this age, but also the severe social implications of criminalizing our youth. In order to argue that the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be raised it will be necessary to identify and evaluate this evidence, as well as identifying the issues that having a low MACR brings. This essay will first review the history of the MACR and discuss the effect of abolishing the doctrine of Doli Incapax on youth offenders, before presenting the neurological evidence regarding the lack of development that has taken place in a child’s brain by the age of ten. The severely detrimental social, psychological and physiological effects of...
Words: 4575 - Pages: 19
...A. (1999). Sexual Offender Treatment Efficacy Revisited. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11 (2), 2, 101-116. Alexander Jr., Rudolph. (1993). The Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders in Light of Foucha v Louisiana. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20 (4), 371-387. Annon, Jack S. (1996). Treatment Programs for Sex Offenders. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 14 (2), 49-54. Cheit, Ross E. & Goldscmidt, Erica B. (1997). Symposium: The Treatment of Sex Offenders: Child Molesters in the Criminal Justice System: A Comprehensive Case-Flow Analysis of the Rhode Island Docket (1985-1993). New England Journal on Criminal and Civil Confinement, 23, 267. Colorado Department of Corrections. �State Sex Offender Treatment Programs: 50 � State Survey.� Online. August 2000. Available http://www.doc.state.co.us/admin_reg/PDFs/SO-report-send2.pdf Edwards, William & Hensley, Christopher. (2001). Restructuring Sex Offender Sentencing: A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Approach to the Criminal Justice Process. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45 (6), 646-662. Geer, Tracey M., Becker, Judith V., Gray, Steven R. & Krauss, Daniel. (2001). Predictors of Treatment Completion in a Correctional Sex Offender Treatment Program. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45 (3), 302-313. Hanson, R. K. (2002). Recidivism and Age Follow-Up Data From 4,673 Sexual Offenders. Journal of Interpersonal...
Words: 498 - Pages: 2
...Crime Causation and Diversion paper Crime causation and diversion paper In society today, there are a lot more juveniles involved in criminal activity. More juveniles Have low self esteem, poor decision-making, and hardly any communication skills. More teens are hanging out with a negative group of people, and a lot come from a dysfunctional family these re some of the characteristics of delinquent youth creations (Extension Journal, Inc. 1993). There are many different types of juvenile diversion, intervention and prevention programs and also resources for juvenile offenders to help with rehabilitation. These programs were created to deter juveniles from committing crimes and reduce the rate of juveniles recommitting crimes. Within this paper there will be two programs that will be discussed with in California, explain how the programs work, and their goals to reduce crime and increase rehabilitation rates. Also discussed will be there program objectives and beliefs of their programs and the key participates in both programs. Also discussed will be the services these programs provide for the youth as well as family. And lastly, the comparison of these programs will be discussed and identification will be made on which may be more effective at the reduction of juvenile crime and how that may be true. The first program is “City Hearts Program” Prosecutors, probation officers and judges who serve the Northeast Juvenile Justice Center are recommending City Hearts classes for...
Words: 1127 - Pages: 5
...Behavior Variable, Signature, & Modus Operandi Ted Bundy was considered to be an unusual serial killer. This is due to the nurturing and supportive home life provided to him growing up by his grandparents. This is conflictive with the social learning theory that links these behaviors to conditioning and behavioral modeling. However there has been speculation that there was potential abuse as a child. This could simply be an attempt to better explain what seems to be irrational and unfounded behavior being demonstrated. Behavior had been demonstrated by Ted Bundy as a teenager that although problematic was not considered to be completely uncommon for a teenage boy. He was a peeping Tom and had been investigated in connection with two burglaries but no charges were ever made. This behavior was demonstrated prior to the revelation that he was raised by his grandparents and abandoned by his mother. This was a revelation that led to him re-inventing himself. It severely affected his self-esteem knowing he was not wanted by his mother. This combined with the loss of his first love Brooks seemed to take Ted Bundy on a more sinister path than previously destined for. This is evident by the similarity of his victims to Brooks. His belief that good sex was derived from an attractive woman who believed that she was going to die fueled his behavior. A behavior that he stated stemmed from an addiction to pornography. He believed that this addiction fueled hatred towards women. His...
Words: 726 - Pages: 3
...cases recidivism has decreased with the proper assessment and treatment. Our country has an overzealous sex crime legislation dating back to the 1880s. In the United States there are three types of legislation dealing with sex crimes. The first was pre-World War II when offenders were subjected to indefinite institutionalization and sterilization. These policies were jointly influenced by the fields of sexology and eugenics (Ordover, 2003). Sexologists promoted the view that minor forms of sexual misbehavior would predict future sexual violence and homicide (Jenkins, 1998), whereas eugenicists promoted the view that criminal behavior was genetically determined (Ordover, 2003). Both of these fields developed the view that sexual offending was considered intractable, resistant to change and escalating, therefore, new legislation was established to enact extreme interventions by institutionalization offenders. In order to keep society safe from future exposure and danger from an offender’s offspring thus forced sterilization (Letourneau, 2013). This method has large economic costs to our government in funding for the physical care and procedure costs, which outweigh the benefits for this treatment. The offender and his family had to endure his physical and mental costs from the sterilization. Sterilization poses numerous...
Words: 2431 - Pages: 10
...specialized probation supervision and pretrial and pre-sentence services. It operates out of 18 office locations and has approximately 670 employees. Each year the probations complete approximately 120,000 hours of community service. The Adult Probation Department receives nearly 18,000 new probation supervision cases annually and has an active caseload of more than 25,000 probationers, 90% of whom have been sentenced for felony offenses. Eighty-eight percent of probationers are assigned to standard caseload supervision, while 12% are supervised in specialized programs designed for specific offender populations. Probation is a criminal sentence which allows defendants to remain in the community in lieu of incarceration. It is the most frequently used sentencing option. Nearly two-thirds of all convicted offenders are sentenced to probation. While on probation, offenders must comply with strict conditions that create opportunities and encourages them to become responsible, productive and law-abiding members of the community. The probation departments serves the courts, community, and probations in many ways. The probation department serves by first, providing the court with pertinent information at the different stages of the criminal justice process. The department also serves the...
Words: 2896 - Pages: 12
...society, and they need to carry with them heavy punishments A sexual offender is a person who has been found guilty on a charge relating to a sexual offence. A sexual predator is a person who engages in sexually exploitative behavior, including such actions as stalking, grooming, voyeurism, or sexual harassment. Many of them have been known to premeditate and use deceptive techniques to get what they want. A sexual offense consists of many different kinds of acts that fall within the State of Indiana Code 11-8-8. Under the Indiana Code if convicted of any of the following offenses rape, child molesting, child exploitation, incest, sexual battery, sexually violent predators, sexual predators, an individual is seen as a sex offender, and in the state of Indiana these acts are listed as felonies. Chapter 4 of the Indiana Code (IC 35-42-4-3) defines child molestation as performing or submitting to sexual intercourse or deviant sexual behavior with a person 14 years of age or younger. Under Indiana Law Child Molesting is considered a Class A felony. There also is no statute of limitations in Indiana for a Class a felony. This crime can be punishable for up to 20 years. “That means that any act of child molestation that involves a significantly older person, weapons or threats, serious injury, or drugging a child (without their knowledge) can always be prosecuted in Indiana” (Alexander, 2013, par.4). Sex offenders are known to repeat their offense after getting out of prison. ...
Words: 1031 - Pages: 5
...Running head: FEMALE SEX 1 Female Sex Offenders FEMALE SEX 2 Without a doubt it is statistically proven that women commit fewer crimes as a whole than men. In 2010, there were one million five hundred thousand men incarcerated compare to the number of female offenders, which was one hundred thirteen thousand. When it comes to sex offenders we often think of the male gender than females. We see females as nonviolent nurtures rather than violent human beings who are capable of committing crimes of sexual nature. This false ideology is due to the lack of reporting of sexual offenses committed by females as well as clinicians and other agencies not recognizing the fact the term sexual offenders can be used for females as well as males. In the case study done by Stuckman-Johnson 28.5 percent of females reported to forcing men to partake in sexual intercourse and between the years of 1994 to 1998 there was a slight increase of seven percent that were reported. Of that 28 percent one to seven percent admitted to using physical force to restrain their victims, thirty-six percent admitted to getting their victims intoxicated before engaging in sexual acts, and another nine percent admitted to using a weapon. As of 2006, it was reported that female sex offenders that were convicted for rape made up for 3 percent of the population and other sexual offense were 5 percent of the population. Throughout the years researchers directed...
Words: 407 - Pages: 2
