...Mac Memory Management For rough draft Mac OS is available on two processor architectures: the Motorola 68k series and the PowerPC. Mac OS has a flat address space, shared between all processes. There is no per-process memory protection. Application code runs in supervisor mode, so there is no instruction protection. Mac OS has virtual memory, in the limited sense that a larger fixed address space can be simulated, by storing the entire address space on disc. This size of this address space is fixed at boot time. The lowest part of memory is occupied by the system partition. This contains some system global values which applications should not access directly, although there is nothing to prevent them doing so. Historically, the Mac OS used a form of memory management that has fallen out of favor in modern systems. Criticism of this approach was one of the key areas addressed by the change to OS X. The original problem for the engineers of the Macintosh was how to make optimum use of the 128 KB of RAM that the machine was equipped with. Since at that time the machine could only run one application program at a time, and there was no fixed secondary storage, the engineers implemented a simple scheme which worked well with those particular constraints. However, that design choice did not scale well with the development of the machine, creating various difficulties for both programmers and users. References: The Memory Management Reference Memory management in Mac OS, en...
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...In this assignment, I will be addressing a few topics about computer virus . I will explain the difficulty of creating a computer virus and its frequency and also explaining the differences between a virus and a worm, along with their threat level. According to Microsoft, computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation (Microsoft, 2013). Computer viruses are difficult to create because you have to know the proper coding and determine what you are trying to attack. Many computer programmers or hackers have coding set up online as a start up, but majority of them don’t function correctly. There is constantly many people trying to hack into computers on a daily. Some are fortunate to succeed and some are not. A virus consists of self-propagating program codes that’s triggered by a specific time or event (Bidgoli, 2012). A virus attaches itself to a program or file enabling it to spread from one computer to another, leaving infections as it travels. Viruses can be transmitted through an email attachment or through a network. A computer virus severity varies. It can be mild like a prank, displaying images on a user’s screen or while others can damage your hardware, software or files. According to Cisco, all viruses are attached to an executable file, which means the virus may exist on a system but will not be able to active until a user runs or opens the malicious host file or...
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...Wireless Network Security Wireless networks in personal homes are becoming more and more popular. With the ease of using no wires and the signal being broadcasted throughout the house, the new printers coming out that are network ready, and along with the new gaming systems like Playstation 3 and Xbox 360 all have wireless network settings. A wireless network is the most vulnerable network out if the precautions of taking time to set up the security properly. Everyone saves personal important information on their computer systems. When there is a wireless network with the settings not set right the computer system is fair game for any, who would like to look at information stored on the computer system. Viruses are not the only thing to protect against. Outsiders or even a neighbor can easily get into a computer’s information though a wireless network. Identity theft can even get implemented with wireless security, if you have a lot of personal information. Credit card information and bank account information can all be stolen from the system and then used for evil. Not only are personal homes affected, but businesses can be too. WarDriving is a big fad among the computer ‘hackers.’ WarDriving came from the movie “WarGames” staring Matthew Broderick. In the movie he did what was called “wardialing”. Wardialing is to keep dialing numbers that would access a computer system’s modem until you find a modem and gain access. WarDriving is where someone can drive around in a vehicle...
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...Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------5 7. References-----------------------------------------------------------6 Abstract MAC is a world wide cosmetic company that was once the leader of the beauty and fashion industry. The beauty industry is favorable and everyone wants to get more profits from it; there are more and more new entrance involveD in and the competitors are producing some product that making MAC company less differentiated. Nowadays, there is a new technology called 3D printing machine that is threating the traditional beauty industry. MAC Cosmetics, Makeup Art Cosmetics, was founded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo in 1985. With the assistance of chemist Vic Casale, the first U.S MAC store opened in 1991, in New York. History The company's products were initially specifically designed for professional make-up artists but are now sold to consumers worldwide. Long before their company history, MAC cosmetics founders directed their product line towards professionals in the beauty and fashion industry that had to rely on heavy cosmetics, cake makeup, and stage makeup to create the visual effects in photo shoots. MAC cosmetics can be found at department stores worldwide such as Belk, Nordstrom, Macy's, Bloomingdale's and Dillard's, as well as MAC Stores. Nordstrom was the first department store in the United States to sell the...
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...P.C vs. MAC With such a lot of desktop machines inside the business nowadays, making an approach what to shop for looks to be harder and harder. However the actuality that the Macintosh is that the best over its rivalry the workstation is unmistakably exemplified in a few routes at interims the pc planet. After you separate it, 2 significant creators fill in a classification of their own: Microsoft's Windows with Pc's and Apple with their Mac's. Each singular could have a dissimilar view on why one should own a Macintosh over a workstation which point of view changes. Perspective varies when looking at it as a personal interest. The world’s two main competitors in the computer market, the Microsoft P.C. and the Macintosh (Mac), both bear indisputable kindred attributes as well as striking differences. As a first, both utilize the rudimental substrata of the computer, including the skeletons of the keyboard, the outline of the mouse, and the design of the screen/monitor. However, these two competitors are of different leagues. It is vital for a buyer to take into consideration that a Microsoft P.C. is designed for affordability, efficiency, and compatibility. Macs, on the other hand, are designed for the technological doters, kenned by terms such as “geeks”. Quite the consummate antithesis of P.Cs, it is no wonder that Apple Mac engenderment’s are far below that of the Microsoft P.C. Numerous traits make both the P.C. and the Mac, leading computer companies in the world. ...
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...Introduction Today, it is incredible to consider that in 1969 men landed on the moon using a computer with a 32-kilobyte memory, that was only programmable by the use of punch cards. In 1973, Astronaut Alan Shepherd participated in the first computer "hack" while orbiting the moon in his landing vehicle, as two programmers back on Earth attempted to "hack" into the duplicate computer, to find a way for Shepherd to convince his computer that a catastrophe requiring a mission abort was not happening; the successful hack took 45 minutes to accomplish, and Shepherd went on to hit his golf ball on the moon. Today, the average computer sitting on the desk of a suburban home office has more computing power than the entire U.S. space program that put humans on another world (Rheingold, 2000, p. 4). Computer science has affected the human condition in many radical ways. Throughout its history, its developers have striven to make calculation and computation easier, as well as to offer new means by which the other sciences can be advanced. Modern massively-paralleled super computers help scientists with previously unfeasible problems such as fluid dynamics, complex function convergence, finite element analysis and real time weather dynamics. Likewise, our daily lives are increasingly affected by computers, not only alleviating us from menial tasks but making it possible for us to accomplish more (Rheingold, 2000, p. 7). The personal computer (PC) has revolutionized business and...
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...Ransomware Discuss the threat When infected restricts you to access to a computer system. This will become more refined in its targets and methods. Experts predict that the variants of ransomware that hurt the security software that are installed within a computer may particularly target the endpoints which sign up with cloud-based storage solutions like Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive and many more. On detecting the endpoint, ransomware will exploit the stored personal credentials of the logged-in user and will even infect the cloud storage that is backed up. McAfee has warned that ransomware attackers will try out as many ways possible to shell out ransom payments from their victims. Degree of damage The most advanced and most damaging ransomware in the wild at the moment, specifically targeting U.S. businesses and individuals. It's a $70 million per year criminal enterprise. Its magnitude is now confirmed by law enforcement. Some quick math shows $18,145 in costs per victim, caused by network mitigation, network countermeasures, loss of productivity, legal fees, IT services, and/or the purchase of credit monitoring services for employees or customers. As you can see, the total costs of a ransomware infection goes well above just the ransom fee itself, which is usually around $500 but can go up to $10,000. What it attacked Ransomware is a type of malware that infects a computer and restricts a user’s access to the infected computer. This type of malware...
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...Backtrack 5 : step by step WEP hack 1) first open terminal dan type airmon-ng 2) airmon-ng start (interface) e.g : airmon-ng start wlan0 ============================================ Found 5 processes that could cause trouble. If airodump-ng, aireplay-ng or airtun-ng stops working after a short period of time, you may want to kill (some of) them! PID Name 1438 dhclient3 1507 dhclient3 1616 wpa_supplicant 1625 dhclient 1644 dhclient Process with PID 1507 (dhclient3) is running on interface wlan0 Process with PID 1616 (wpa_supplicant) is running on interface wlan0 Process with PID 1644 (dhclient) is running on interface wlan0 Interface Chipset Driver wlan0 Broadcom b43 - [phy0] (monitor mode enabled on mon0) ================================== 3) airodump-ng (monitor mode) e.g: airodump-ng mon0 ======================================== CH 1 ][ Elapsed: 0 s ][ 2012-07-29 01:26 BSSID PWR Beacons #Data, #/s CH MB ENC CIPHER AUTH ESSID 34:08:04:FD:7A:F3 -71 26 171 64 1 54 WEP WEP Nenas BSSID STATION PWR Rate Lost Frames Probe 34:08:04:FD:7A:F3 00:1A:73:27:37:CD 0 0 - 1 0 2 Nenas 34:08:04:FD:7A:F3 D0F:9A:84:E3:94 -70 0 -54 0 8 34:08:04:FD:7A:F3 00:1E:65:A2:A5:4A -71 0 -36 0 163 ======================================== 4)press ctrl+c (to stop the process) type= airodump-ng -c (channel CH) -w ( your file name) --bssid (bssid) (monitor mode) e.g: airodump-ng -c 1 -w ayam --bssid 34:08:04:FD:7A:F3 mon0 =============================================== ...
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...Mac vs. PC Bill Gates: “There may be a few….similarities.” Steve Jobs: “Similarities? Similarities? Try theft.” (from “Pirates of Silicon Valley”) Everyone knows of the popular household names Apple and Microsoft. Apple was started by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. They created the first Apple computer in Jobs’ parents garage in the 1970’s. They knew that they had created something great so they called their company Apple. Bill Gates on the other hand created Microsoft. He never made a computer; what he did was create software and put it on other computers. Allegedly, Bill Gates stole Apple’s Macintosh prototype software from Steve Jobs. Gates only received the prototypes because Jobs thought he could trust Gates, but he was sorely mistaken. These two popular household names are similar, but they have differences such as ability to customize, operating system, price, and virus protection. Apple and Microsoft are alike in they were created at the same time and both had great ideas. Some similarities they share are products such as portable media players and smart phones, tablet devices, and retail stores. They both have portable media players. Apple has the iPod and Microsoft has the Zune. They both do the same thing, but have completely different functions within the device. Zune is all tiled and more cut and dry verses the iPod ,which is sleek, creative, and allows more wiggle room than the Zune. Apple wins over people with the iPhone; it functions just like their iPod...
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...Task 1 Home Office (50 marks) A) Explain, giving three reasons (each reason a paragraph in length), why the home office would not use a client-server network? -The three reasons why the home office would not use a client server network, because there are no servers in this network. Servers play a very important role in a client network since it is equipped with the hardware and software for people to share documents other sorts of files through it. Other reason for not using client network is because the home office is two small and only got 2 or 3 computers with no intention to maximize it there is no point of using a client network. Using that network would also slow down the speed of the networking system. Third reason why the client /server network should not be chosen as the network system is because of that it would add additional cost and the effort would be useless if a certain virus or some malicious software connects into the network system and infects all computers at the home office. B) Discuss the functions of the switch and the modem as used in the home office network. (Each device a paragraph). Switch- A switch can increase the number of peripherals used in your network or allow you to add computers to your network. It's an affordable and easy way to expand your network. Switch is also a telecommunication device that receives a message from any device connected to it and then transmits the message only to the device from which the message...
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...security protocol. WEP was flawed in numerous ways and hackers were able to get information in minutes. WPAv1 was then introduced as an interim replacement because WEP was that flawed. WPAv1 was made to improve on the secure wireless networks and also used a newer and more improved algorithm. When WPAv2 was finally released, many devices began to be created to be compatible with the AES algorithm WPAv2 uses. There still have not been any major hacks or attacks on a WPAv2-AES network that would cause the Wi-Fi alliance look into using another algorithm a replacement. WPAv1 is too easy to hack so it is not recommended and WPAv1 is now susceptible to multiple types of attacks. There are several different ways you can help to protect yourself and your information. Verify your spam in your e-mail to make sure a file accidentally was not forwarded to spam. There are also others to improve your security. The length of your passkey is very important in security, as well as keeping an up-to-date anti-virus and staying up-to-date on all the latest hacks, cracks, and technology are critical for your protection. N. Justin Bernard Network Security Term Paper November 13, 2012 The difference between cracking a WEP and a WPA network passkey and how to protect yourself from it In today’s always evolving and improving technology world, there are always loopholes, weaknesses, and gaps. I will discuss one of the primary weaknesses in network security,...
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...By : Anurag Dwivedi [[Lets Hack The Universe]] Note: Only For Eductional Propose…xD xD !! Legal Disclaimer Any proceedings and or activities related to the material contained within this volume are exclusively your liability. The misuse and mistreat of the information in this book can consequence in unlawful charges brought against the persons in question. The authors and review analyzers will not be held responsible in the event any unlawful charges brought against any individuals by misusing the information in this book to break the law. This book contains material and resources that can be potentially destructive or dangerous. If you do not fully comprehend something on this book, don‘t study this book. Please refer to the laws and acts of your state/region/ province/zone/territory or country before accessing, using, or in any other way utilizing these resources. These materials and resources are for educational and research purposes only. Do not attempt to violate the law with anything enclosed here within. If this is your intention, then leave now. Neither writer of this book, review analyzers, the publisher, nor anyone else affiliated in any way, is going to admit any responsibility for your proceedings, actions or trials. About The Author Anurag Dwivedi is a 13 year old computer geek. Who likes to find vulnerabilities Doing Hacking , Programming , editing , cracking , web designing and writing books He Wants To Be An Software Designer..!!!! Join His Blog: Computer...
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...to do two things at once. Another feature is improved gadgets. This feature makes your computer more fun. They have an application called mini-gadgets like puzzles MAC OS X also has some rather clever customisations. One of the features it has is mission control. This feature allows you to put all the applications together on one large screen so that you can see everything happening on your computer. This is a good feature because you don’t always have to use your taskbar to pick your applications. Another good feature is Resume. When you close an application, all your valuable work will still be there when you reopen it. This is a good feature because if you accidently close you work, you can be sure that your work will be safe. Windows 7 has some rather handy features to protect your computer. One of the features is BitLocker. This feature allows you to protect all your documents, passwords and important details. Once a file is saved, BitLocker automatically keeps it safe. This is a good...
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...Open/Closed Source Heidi Mitchum POS 355 May 6, 2013 Michele Gamberutti Open/Closed Source The background behind an operating system stems into different branches of a tree. There are many items that go into a functional operating system. One of which includes open and closed source. To understand what may be a source for an operating system is the first step to understand what an open or closed source is. Even though at times it can be a wasteful effort, open/closed sources can be an advantage of cost sharing and software development. First it is a good idea to find out what it means to have a open or closed source system, meaning components that make up the functions needed for an application or software. With both open and closed working very differently as to how the system is developed and how they run within a software program or application. Each of these sources will be discussed. Open source systems are typical used for everyone to see and for anyone to use, and this is why the name is open. There are advantages to having an open source system which include: • Larger Development Support – Giving a large support system the developers feel as though they can make changed when and where every needed (Vidal, 2013). • Customizable – Having full control of the system gives developers a sense of control to make changes to the programs for advancement in all areas (Vidal, 2013). • Security – Having two eyes is better than one, having more security...
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...Linux programming, which the majority of the software is free. Some of those security technologies are SELinux, TCP Wrappers, IPtables and Chroot Jail to name a few. In basic Linux security, Discretionary Access Control is based practically by users and groups. The process is run by a user and then has access to anything other users has access to, making it not so secure. The U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) developed the SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) to combat the lack of strong security. The SELinux implements Mandatory Access Control (MAC) in the Linux kernel which enforces policies that limits the user or a program of what they can do. It is designed to prevent process from reading and/or tampering of data and programs. MAC is an important tool for containing security threats made by user errors, hackers or software errors. It’s pretty hard to bypass the security measure since the kernel is checking the MAC rules right after checking the DAC rules on a constant basis. There are three states you can place SELinux to run in; Enforcing, Permissive and Disabled. Enforcing is the default setting where no program or user can do anything not permitted by the security policy. Permissive is a diagnostic state where it sends warning but does not enforce the policy but you can use to build a new security policy. Disabled is where it does not enforce any security policies at all. Another Linux based security program you can use is called TCP...
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