...The Seated Statue of Hatshepsut made for indurated limestone stands 76 and ¾ inches tall. Limestone is a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium or dolomite. Limestone can be found in soft forms making it very easy to sculpt. The statue depicts Hatshepsut, the most successful female ruler of ancient Egypt. Hatshepsut declared herself Pharaoh reigning as a male from 1479-1458 B.C. During Hatshepsut reign, Egypt became a world power with arts flourishing, prosperity and peace. Hatshepsut gained wealth for her nation by establishing trade routes that had been disrupted during the Hyksos occupation of Egypt. The most proud accomplishment of the Pharaoh was her expedition sent into the land of Punt, thought to be modern day Somalia. The...
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...Queen Hatshepsut was one of the most powerful women in the ancient world, and remains a great role model to girls and young women 3000 years later. Even thought her life is shrouded in mystery, due to the fact that her stepson tried to remove all evidence of her once he became pharaoh, historians have found enough to learn about her life and how she died. Like most Pharaohs not much is known about Hatshepsut's childhood. However we do know that she was the eldest of two daughters born to Thutmose I and his queen and principal wife Queen Ahmose. At the age of 12 Queen Hatshepsut married her half brother King Thutmose II. This marriage was probably celebrated by a large feast with government officials and family there instead of a ceremony....
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...Egypt Ancient Egypt is one of the first pristine states. Before Egypt there were many ancient civilizations that were considered secondary states and not pristine states. The secondary states only met some of the criteria needed, not all six. Egypt has been well documented in which it provided the ways of becoming a pristine state. The six criteria needed to become a pristine state were population pressure, intensification of agriculture, warfare, hereditary leader, storable grains, and impaction/circumscription. By becoming a pristine state in ancient times, it meant that Egypt would be a powerful civilization for many years. Egypt was one the first major pristine states in ancient times. Egypt was an ever growing population, which had population pressure from the need to support all of the people in the society. To be able to support the population, they needed to intensify the agricultural aspect of the society. Food is one of the basic needs for life to sustain itself, especially for all types of population. They used the Nile extensively for the water to help the production of crops. After they planted the crops there was a time of harvest in which they were able to gather food and store them for future use. They also had a hereditary leader because most, if not every Pharaoh had the throne passed from one generation to another. Warfare is also needed to expand the boundaries to help give more land to support a growing population. Egypt was also surrounded by deserts and...
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...back to times in Ancient Egypt. It’s hard to believe that propaganda has been happening for quite long, but people are always trying to find ways to obtain power, even if it includes lying. Pharaohs and Queens in the 18th dynasty have used propaganda to make themselves seem more powerful. In this essay, propaganda in the 18th dynasty, the ways the propaganda was expressed, and how it manipulated people will be discussed, using historical sculptures,...
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...Black women of antiquity were legendary for their beauty, power and lover affairs. Especially great were the Queens of Ethiopia; Queen of Sheba (960 B.C.) Queen Hatshepsut: Queen of Ancient Kemet Hatshepsut conquered on the role of King in the 18th dynasty (1504-1483 BCE). She was the daughter of Thutmose I and his wife Ahmose. She was the principal wife of her half-brother, Thutmose II. She bore her husband a daughter but no surviving son. When Thutmose II died young, the title of King was intertied by son of one of his secondary wives- Thutmose III. At the time, Thutmose III was very young at the time and couldn’t fully rule. Hatshepsut half-brother, Thutmose II, took successor to the throne. Hatshepsut asserted in her propaganda that her father pronounced her to be the heir. Before Thutmose II...
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...Geyer Ancient World History Rough Draft 11/8/2014 In most civilizations in the ancient world, there were vast differences between the lives of men and women. For example, women could not serve in the Roman Senate, own property in ancient Greece, or ask for divorce. All of these rules existed while men had the ability to do all of these things. The life of a woman in the ancient world was in no way equal to men in most societies. The Egyptians believed that joy and happiness were of the utmost importance in life, and regarded the home and family as a major source of happiness. This meant that the Egyptian’s thought better of women who did not work, and took care of the home and family. All other ancient civilizations had one thing in common. Mesopotamia, Rome, Greece, and Israel were all surrounded by other sets of people. This meant that these other civilizations had to be warlike societies, and this meant women would have less of a role because men believed women could not fight as well in battle. Egypt developed under unique circumstances. The Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea separated the Egyptians from everyone else in the ancient world. In other words, the Egyptians did not have a warlike society because training like that was unnecessary. Since there was no need for a warlike society in Egypt, women had a more established role in society. Women’s rights in Egypt were more equal to men than other civilizations because of the unique circumstances under which Egypt developed...
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...two great civilizations that disappeared, only leaving fragments of their existence for the rest of modern society to ponder. Only separated by the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 1,599km or 994mi, both the countries of Egypt and Greece were once the heavyweight champions of their era. Although they reside on different continents, these civilizations are more similar than what history may portray them to be. Each civilization holds similar foundations. Egypt and Greece were ahead of their time by giving birth to an evolving society that represented greater gender equality and independence, in a time where it was uncommon in...
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...Female Rulers Erin B HUM111 November 29, 2015 History is full of powerful women who ruled over lands and won wars to protect their kingdom just the same as the powerful men in history often times better than the men. Some female rulers we know from history such as Hatshepsut who ruled over Egypt long before Cleopatra, Queen Victoria of Great Brittan, Queen Elizabeth II queen of England today and the list could go on and on. However, the two female rulers that we are going compare are Wu Zetian of china who was born in 624 A.D. and Pharaoh Cleopatra of Egypt who was born 69B.C. both was rulers of their time until their deaths. These two female rulers came from very different backgrounds but ultimately ended up on the same path to become strong rulers of their time who didn’t let nothing or no one get in their way of them keeping their kingdoms and the power that comes with it. Wu Zetian was born in 624 A.D. in Wenshui county, Shanxi Province and was the only female ruler to sit on the imperial throne. She ruled the self-proclaimed Zhou Dynasty which later became known as the Tang Dynasty from 690-705 until her death at 80 years old in 705A.D.Wu’s father Wu Shihuo was one of the meritorious chancellors of the Tang Dynasty he gave her an education by teaching her himself. Both Wu Zetian and Cleopatra was very smart starting when they was young women. Cleopatra Spoke 6 different languages Hebrew, Arabic, Latin, Eygptian, Ethiopian and Greek. Cleopatra also studied Arts,...
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...Zackery Mrs. Howard World History (Honors) 29 November 2014 Egypt Geography The transcontinental country of Egypt is located in the northern part of Africa right alongside the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Egypt shares borders with the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula, plus the countries of Libya, Israel, and Sudan. Egypt is mainly made up of desert plateaus, yet the Nile River flows through its eastern part. The country is 386,662 square miles, which make it the 30th largest country in the entire world. The Egypt is normally humid and hot, but the nights are cool. Since Egypt only has two seasons, humid summers and mild winters, the temperatures change tremendously, yet in the winter they don’t seem to change drastically. In fact, in the coastal regions the temperature can range from a minimum of 14°C in the winter to a maximum of 30°C in the summer. In the inland areas temperatures vary widely in the summer. They can range from 7°C at nighttime to 43° in the day. In the winter the temperatures range from 0°C at night to 18°C in the daytime. Winter lasts from November to April, and the summers are from May to October. There aren’t many variations between the two seasons besides the temperature in the daytime and the day-to-day winds. The country barely receives and rain on a yearly basis. In fact, Egypt’s wettest area is the Alexandria, which only receives a maximum of 200 millimeters of rain each year. Egypt receives winds, known as the sirocco and the khamsin, around April...
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...Comparative Essay: Cleopatra and Empress Wu Zetian Silke Karla Vinyard Strayer University Professor Mayhall HUM111346SC034-1164-001 (World Cultures 1) May 24, 2016 Cleopatra and Empress Wu Zetian Cleopatra and Empress Wu Zetian were two very powerful women of their time. Cleopatra, Last Pharaoh of Egypt. As queen of Egypt, Cleopatra is one of the most famous female rulers in history. Cleopatra’s family ruled Eygpt for more than 100 years before she was born around 69 BC. Empress Wu Zetian of Tang Dynasty. She was one of the concubines of Emperor Taizong; she was the empress of Emperor Gaozong; she was the mother of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong; she was once a nun in the temple. But her most glorious title was that she was the only female emperor in Chinese history who actually ruled the whole country for almost half a century. How Cleopatra and Empress Wu Zetian gained their power Most nations of note have had at least one great female leader. Not the United States of course, but one thinks readily enough of Hatshepsut of ancient Egypt, Russia’s astonishing Catherine the Great, or Trung Trac of Vietnam. These women were rarely chosen by their people. They came to power, mostly, by default or stealth; a king had no sons, or an intelligent queen usurped the powers of her useless husband. However, they rose, though, it has always been harder for a woman to rule effectively than it was for a man-more so in the earlier periods...
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...controversial. The Homo sapiens sapiens replaced the Neanderthals by 30,000 B.C.E, who had become extinct by that time. How did the hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic age live? Describe their lifestyles and daily responsibilities. Paleolithic people knew how to hunt and gather food although they did not know how to grow crops. These early humans knew how to gather berries and hunt animals although they did not know how to grow the fruits or raise the animals as their own. Because Paleolithic people did not know agriculture or raise animals, they had to follow animal patterns and vegetation cycles to find food. They were nomadic and traveled in groups of about twenty to thirty, the women usually stayed close to the camp and gathered berries while the men hunted for meat. This meant men and women both had certain responsibilities to fulfill. Tools were used as hunting tools and slowly began improving as time went on making hunting easier as well as more abundant. Paleolithic people started cooking their food making the food tastier and as well as enjoyable. How was farming crucially important in developing civilizations? During the Neolithic Revolution there were many significant changes in agriculture and tools used for hunting. The most significant change in this time was from hunting animals and collecting plants to actually growing the food and taming the animals. This helped these humans to start living in communities rather than moving from place to place looking for food...
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...history. (1) The text then moves on to the city of Çatalhöyük, which was established around nine thousand years ago in south central Turkey. (2) This city had eight thousand occupants living in two thousand homes, which is an average of four occupants per home, that’s not so different from how we live today. The people of Çatalhöyük were an organized and technologically sophisticated society that practiced religion, and had domesticated plants and animals. (2) This is just another example of how even though these people lived nine thousand years ago people today are still living in the same ways. I think that has been the most interesting part of the beginning of chapter one; our society still has many of the same values and practices of our ancient ancestors. The next section of chapter one focuses on the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic era. (3) The people of this era lived before written history existed, around 3000 B.C.E. However, they were tool-makers and artists. The cave paintings at Lascaux act as a type of history as do the finely made tools and jewelry that historians have discovered. (3) The Paleolithic people were known to be hunters and gatherers, they did not have domesticated animals, they had few material possessions, and disparities in wealth were unlikely. (3) They lived in a very egalitarian society which leads me to believe perhaps simple is better. Today’s people do not live equally and have many possessions; did the Paleolithic era people know something we don’t? ...
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...HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BY DR. KAKAI P.W THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course, it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui, An Introduction To African History, 1991 p33). Do you think this is still the way we use the word barbarian? The Latin speakers referred to hunters, food-gatherers as savage. In the 17th century this term ‘savage’ referred to a person without art, literacy, or society who lived in fear of existence and death. ‘Primitive’ on the other hand, in Latin meant ‘the first or original’. Europeans used these words interchangeably when referring to non-Europeans while the word civilization was preserved to describe historical developments of European people (ibid). Now the term civilization is no longer confined to the above development but also extends reference to non-European communities. Attributes of civilization includes observance to law, belonging to an organized society, having a society of literate people with advanced developments in urbanization, agriculture, commerce, arts and technology. The French thinkers of the 18th century referred to a person of the arts and literature...
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...Foundations: c. 8000 B.C.E.–600 C.E. Major Developments 1. Locating world history in the environment and time 1. Environment 1. Geography and climate: Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society a. Five Themes of Geography – consider these 1. Relative location – location compared to others 2. Physical characteristics – climate, vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean...
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...THE HANDY RELIGION AN SWE R BOOK JOHN RENARD Detroit The Handy Religion Answer Book™ C O P Y R I G H T © 2002 BY VI S I B LE I N K PRE SS® This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine or newspaper. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Visible Ink Press® 43311 Joy Rd. #414 Canton, MI 48187-2075 Visible Ink Press and The Handy Religion Answer Book are trademarks of Visible Ink Press LLC. Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, at www.visibleink.com or (734) 667-3211. Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski Typesetting: Graphix Group Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Renard, John, 1944The handy religion answer book / John Renard. p. cm. ISBN 1-57859-125-2 (pbk.) 1. Religions--Miscellanea. I. Title. BL80.2 .R46 2001 291--dc21 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved ...
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