...Running header: E-WASTE IN INDONESIA 1 E-Waste in Indonesia: Implementing Clear Standards and Integrating the Informal Sector Donald P. Santoso ERM 428 Spring 2015 Arizona State University 2 E-WASTE IN INDONESIA Abstract While economic development gives rise to markets of emerging technologies, it also creates an emerging global issue in the management of the electronic waste (e-waste) it generates. Unfortunately Moore’s Law, which articulates that technological advancements follow an exponential upward growth every year, does not apply to the innovation in recycling that technology. E-waste is a term for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). These products and components can range from home appliances to consumer electronics; they are defined as e-waste once they reach the end of life, and no longer retain value through its intended function. The European Union (EU) estimates that the amount of global WEE increases 3-5% annually, equivalent to three times the growth of other categories of solid waste (Schwarzer, 2005). Electronic products have become extremely affordable in today’s economy, making it increasingly cheaper to replace these goods rather than fix them. Interval updates in the electronic sector also encourages pre-mature obsolescence of many products (Agamuthu et al., 2012). These factors contribute to a high turnover rate of electronics in the market. As a consequence, there is little incentive for both the industry and...
Words: 4475 - Pages: 18
...tables or a self-service buffet. * School-workplace catering: in cantinas clients can choose from various ready meals which includes boxed lunch catering such as sandwiches, salads, foods and desserts. It includes the army and hospitals. * Boxed lunch catering: is prepared by the caterer and dropped of fon a location combined for the client’s request. It includes sandwiches, chips, fruit or dessert. Business Models Upon demand and profile, catering companies are divided into low-scale and high-scale catering. These services differ by using completely different kind of raw materials and resources. As an example a child’s birthday party demands tools of lower value, paper cutlery and...
Words: 1919 - Pages: 8
...ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN INDIA Compiled by: Dr. Asit K Patra, Asstt. Director, DMI, Bhopal Indian Constitution – Article 48a: In the Directive Principles of State Policy, Article 48-A was inserted which enjoins the State to make endeavor for protection and improvement of the environment and for safeguarding the forest and wildlife of the country (42nd amendment w.e.f. 3 January 1977). Indian Constitution – Article 51-A (G) It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures (42nd amendment w.e.f. 3 January 1977). Environmental Regulations In India |Year |Environmental Regulations | |1974 |Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution Act) Amendments, 1988 | |1975 |The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Rules | |1977 |The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act | |1978 |The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Rules | |1981 |The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Amendments, 1987 ...
Words: 2279 - Pages: 10
...GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY WASTE PERMITS DIVISION RG-022 Revised 2/05 GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES THIS IS A GUIDANCE DOCUMENT AND SHOULD NOT BE INTERPRETED AS A REPLACEMENT TO THE RULES. The rules for classifying and coding industrial wastes and hazardous wastes may be found in 30 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Sections (§§) 335.501-.521 (Subchapter R). Prepared by: I&HW Permits Section, MC 130 Waste Permits Division Texas Commission on Environmental Quality P.O. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 RG-022 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Revised February 2005 i Kathleen Hartnett White, Chairman R. B. “Ralph” Marquez, Commissioner Larry R. Soward, Commissioner Glenn Shankle, Executive Director Authorization for use or reproduction of any original material contained in this publication—that is, not obtained from other sources—is freely granted. The commission would appreciate acknowledgment. Copies of this publication are available for public use through the Texas State Library, other state depository libraries, and the TCEQ Library, in compliance with state depository law. For more information on TCEQ publications call 512/239-0028 or visit our Web site at: http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/publications Published and distributed by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality PO Box...
Words: 20040 - Pages: 81
...Riordan Current Business Practices Audit MGT/360 University of Phoenix Riordan Current Business Practices Audit Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer with locations in California, Georgia, Michigan, and China. The vice president of operations decided to develop a sustainability plan. Team A has been assigned the task to conduct a business audit to evaluate the Riordan’s current business practices at each location. The audit provides valuable information to identify the nonsustainable business practices and how each effects the environment. The subject in this paper is how Riordan Manufacturing will identify their nonsustainable practices, federal regulations, mandatory, and voluntary actions necessary to implement a successful sustainability plan. Nonsustainable Business Practices The business practice audits brought to light three nonsustainable practices. The three practices highlighted by the audit include wasted energy from the plants, the use of toxic cleaning solvents, and spilled ink. These three business practices can be very harmful to the environment. Burning fossil fuels for energy creates gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and volatile organic compounds. These gases cause air pollution. They can cause several kinds of air pollution, particular matter, smog, and ozone (New Energy Alternative, 2008). Air pollution can travel thousands of miles and can harm areas that burn fossil fuels sparingly. The next nonsustainable...
Words: 6823 - Pages: 28
...Support for Environmental Protection: The Role of Moral Norms Paul C. Stern National Research Council Thomas Dietz George Mason University I. Stanley Black Illinois Environmental Protection Agency A theoretical model is presented that traces support for environmental protection to a social-psychological process involving the activation of moral norms against harming innocent people. In a preliminary test of the model's social-psychological hypotheses, judgments about the moral obligations of industry with respect to hazardous chemicals were found to depend both on awareness of harmful consequences to people and on ascription of responsibility for those consequences to industry; government, however, was held to be morally obligated to act even if it was not responsible for the harm. Suggestions are offered for using the model to study the determinants of changing public opinion on the environment, the tactics of advocacy groups in environmental policy conflicts, and the process that mobilizes pressure for political causes in the absence of tangible group interests. The last two decades have brought about substantial changes in the environmental policies of most Western industrial nations. These changes are due in large part to the effective mobilization of public support by the enviThe authors thank Jane Phillips for assistance with data analysis and the Academic Computing Service and Graduate School of George Mason University for research support. Requests for reprints should...
Words: 4389 - Pages: 18
...interrelationships which exist among these, or any of them e.g. waste. Two kinds of definitions are operative for waste. One is conceptual and the other descriptive (Savasi, 1977) and defines waste by listing the kinds of materials comprising it. In the conceptual sense, wastes are defined as useless, unwanted or discarded materials. However, to a modern environmentalist, waste are just materials which are discarded because, they ‘seem’ to have no further economic use ignoring the irrelevant issue of usefulness, value or desirability of the waste. In the descriptive definition, waste consists of discarded materials resulting from domestic, community activities, industrial, commercial and agricultural operations. 1.1 TYPES OF WASTE Agricultural waste, Biomedical waste, Business waste, Chemical waste, Consumable waste, Domestic waste, Industrial waste, Inorganic waste, Medical waste, Organic waste, Recyclable waste Toxic waste, etc. Population explosion, uncontrolled urbanization and rapid industrialization have caused high waste generation quantities and rates in a country, (NEST 1991) waste generation increases not only because people multiply and hence the space available to each person becomes smaller, but also because the demand per person are continually increasing, so that each person throws away more waste year by year. If the world’s population were evenly distributed over the earth surface, most of these wastes could probably remain unnoticed and perhaps harmless...
Words: 2217 - Pages: 9
...Law/Leg 100 February 27, 2012 Waste Management, Inc., headquartered in Houston, is the “nation's largest garbage hauler and landfill operator” (abclocal.go.com). Wikipedia.org sites the company’s vast network to include “367 collection operations, 355 transfer stations, 273 active landfill disposal sites, 16 waste-to-energy plants, 134 recycling plants, 111 beneficial-use landfill gas projects and six independent power production plants.” Founded in 1894, Waste Management (WM) “offers environmental services to nearly 20 million residential, industrial, municipal and commercial customers in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico.” “Together with its competitor Republic Services, Inc., the two handle more than half of all garbage collection in the United States” (wikipedia.org). In 2007, Waste Management announced its initiative to spend “hundreds of millions of dollars over the next dozen years to make its operations more environmentally friendly. The company plans to increase its energy production from waste, buy more fuel-efficient vehicles and more than double the amount of recyclable material it processes, among other initiatives” (abclocal.go.com). Waste Management’s CEO David Steiner explained to The Associated Press that “the "green" strategy will also boost Waste Management's bottom line. The company reported $13.4 billion in revenue in 2006” (abclocal.go.com). WM.com (Waste Management’s own website) proclaims that the company “uses waste to create enough energy to power...
Words: 1625 - Pages: 7
...have had on its own lands, fisheries, and other natural resources over the years. Canada’s role in global environmental governance (GEP), then, has always been large and well-defined; as Tanner put it, “Canada has taken a leading role” (p. 1). Canada and the Basel Convention The Basel Convention of 1989 was signed on March 22 of that year, and now includes 172 countries. The Basel Convention was based on concern about the transboundary movement and the disposal of hazardous wastes which was first raise in the late 1970s and early 1980s (Government of Canada, “Basel Convention”). Canada was a part of the Convention’s development and one off its original signatories; Canada also participated in global environmental governance (GEP) by using the Export and Import of Hazardous Waste Regulations (a prior governing law known as EIHWR) to enforce hazardous waste laws already in effect (Government of Canada, “Basel Convention”). Canada has been and continues to be a major participant in the Basel Convention actions; the Waste Reduction and Management Division of Environment Canada has attended, organized, and led numerous Basel Convention work on this issue throughout the decades since its inception (Chasek, Downie, and Brown). Canada and The Stockholm Convention The Stockholm...
Words: 710 - Pages: 3
...E-mail: cartier@desarsb.mv.com Faculty Advisor: Dr. Ihab Farag 255 Kingsbury Hall University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction/Background 3 Goals/Objectives 4 Approach/Methodology 4 Chemical Usage, Equipment Needs 4 Releases/Wastes Generated at the Facility 5 Details of Work Accomplished/Project Results 5 Pollution Prevention Benefits 5 Recommendations for Future Efforts 6 References 6 Appendices: A. Sample Report 6 B. Evaluation Checklist 10 C. Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 13 Executive Summary: SBTAP is offering small-scale automotive repair and refinishing businesses free confidential on-site inspections in order to increase their awareness of certain environmental compliance issues and their solutions. These issues, when ignored, often result in serious health hazards and legal consequences. Many small businesses are uneducated on the State’s strict regulations, but are willing and eager to comply with these regulations. The inspections will inform small business owners of their environmental responsibilities, while...
Words: 3029 - Pages: 13
...printers and supplies. 4M has 200 employees which include 35 administrative personnel, 55 repair technicians, 60 sales & csr, 40 shipping & warehouse personnel, 10 janitorial. A. Develop a social responsibility strategy for your chosen client which includes the following components: 1. Environmental considerations and recommendations Since 4M manufacturers and sells its products a few environmentally smart options can be taken into consideration. The environmental considerations that will be utilized are the Reduce, Reuse and recycle method. Reduce: 4M will minimize cost by purchasing recycled materials and creating products that reduce energy consumption by 40%. Also we plan to reduce the amount of waste the company disposes of...
Words: 2034 - Pages: 9
...The global impact of e-waste Addressing the challenge SECTOR Sectoral Activities Department SafeWork Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge Karin Lundgren SafeWork and SECTOR International Labour Organization Geneva 2012 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First published 2012 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Lundgren, Karin The global impact of e-waste: addressing the challenge / Karin Lundgren; International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SafeWork), Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR). – Geneva: ILO, 2012 ISBN 978-92-2-126897-0 (print) ISBN...
Words: 37067 - Pages: 149
...ENVIRONMENTAL and SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORT Climate and Environmental Responsibility Fuel Efficiency Program Alternative Fuels Environmental Management Waste Management Social Responsibility Occupational Health and Safety Flight Safety Supply Chain Social Responsibility Projects ENVIRONMENTAL and SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORT It is Turkish Airlines’ responsibility to act and promote sustainability as a commitment to the environment. A. Fuel Efficiency Program In the beginning of 2008, Turkish Airlines started a collaborative study with IATA Green Team and has begun implementing a Fuel Efficiency Program aimed at increasing fuel efficiency and reducing the carbon emissions. The program involves measuring and monitoring of fuel efficiency initiatives and reporting to the Fuel Steering Committee which consists of competent and dedicated personnel from key departments such as Flight Operations, Flight Planning and Dispatch, Engineering and Maintenance, Finance, Marketing and Sales. The initiatives undertaken within the program to increase fuel efficiency and to reduce carbon footprint could be gathered under the umbrella of below topics: 1. Optimizing the operations: Since 2008, more than 70 projects to optimize operations in order to reduce carbon footprint have been introduced and implemented. Some of these operational optimization projects include: Pilot technique, optimizing the use of APU (auxiliary power unit)...
Words: 3228 - Pages: 13
...of non-sustainable practices relating to land, water, and air pollution. The three non-sustainable practices evaluated further are solid waste, and hazardous waste causing land pollution, hazardous waste causing water pollution, and gaseous waste causing air pollution. These areas are the most harmful to the immediate population, which includes the plant workers and the communities. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Causing Land Pollution One of the non-sustainable practices is adding to land pollution. Currently, off-spec materials are sent to the landfill (Apollo, 2012). In addition to this, scrap plastic managed as waste goes to the landfill (Apollo). The biggest problem is that plastic is not biodegradable. When plastic and off-spec products are sent to the landfill, breakdown occurs but at minimal rates and these take longer to biodegrade over time. To remain compliant with government regulations, Riordan Manufacturing is required to identify hazardous waste generated each month if it exceeds 2,200 pounds (Apollo, 2012). If Riordan Manufacturing’s plants generate products in excess of 2,200 pounds per month, a set procedure needs to be followed to ensure proper disposal (Apollo). Regulations are set to minimum standards, and Riordan Manufacturing should set its goals to achieve the higher standards regardless of how much waste is generated per month. One way of doing this is to set up specific...
Words: 8282 - Pages: 34
...Environment……………………………………………………6 References…………………………………………………………………………………….9 INTRODUCTION Environmental Laws are the standards that governments establish to manage natural resources and environmental quality. The broad categories of ‘natural resources” and “environment quality” include such areas as air and water pollution, forest and wildlife, hazardous waste, agricultural practices, wetlands, and land use planning. The promulgation of the Kenya Constitution, 2010 marked an important chapter in Kenya environmental policy development. Hailed as a green Constitution, it embodies elaborate provisions with considerable implications for sustainable development. These range from environmental principles and implications of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to the right to clean and healthy environment enshrined in the Bill of Rights. This paper will highlight on the Water Act, Land Act, Forest Act and International Convention of environment (Mohammed,2012). LAND ACT Land resources are finite, fragile and non-renewable. Land is considered a capital and asset that provides the essential services for development and human well being. Consequently, the demand and pressure on land is ever increasing. The main driving force leading to pressure on land resources is the increasing rate of population growth; hence demand for more food...
Words: 1632 - Pages: 7
