...RUNNING HEAD: Descriptive Research Questions Shekubah Kamara 15 February 2013 RES 500 Research Methods for the Health Science Module 1 Trident University Newton, Bower, and Williams (2004) outline the process of “devising and revising” a research question, be it descriptive, relational, or comparative. After reading their paper, write a three-page paper that addresses the following: How do descriptive research questions differ from questions of relationship? From questions of comparison? When pursuing a descriptive research questions, what is being measure is aimed to describe the variables you are measuring. When the use of the word describe is used, simply means that these research questions are focused to quantify variables. To recognize a descriptive of to use these question you will often use questions that start with words such as "How much?", "How often?", "What percentage?", and "What proportion?” but also sometimes questions starting "What is?" and "What are?". Descriptive research questions focus on only one variable and one group, but they can include multiple variables and groups. In comparison to questions of relationship or comparison it is also common when using descriptive research questions to measure percentages and proportions. However, if you are using an experimental or quasi-experimental research design, or a more involved relationship-based research design, you are more likely to use just one or two descriptive research questions as a means to...
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...Assessing a Research Study Sally Oxendine Dr.Dunston March 30, 2016 The article that I found to be useful was Qualitative Research and its Uses in Health Care. This article was very interesting and I gathered helpful information that related to the characteristics of health related research. This article is based on describing detailed methods that identify different key elements that relate to health care and highlight different features that will discuss social and character dimensions. The Qualitative Research with health care has many different strategies and methods of care that has been research with relative and positive tactics of progressive health care resources. This article was really informative and beneficial as far as gathering key elements to the studies of Qualitative Research and the uses in health care. Qualitative research is defined as an umbrella term covering an array of interpretative techniques which seek to describe, decode, translate and otherwise come to terms with the meaning, not the frequency, of certain more or less naturally occurring phenomena in the social world (Al-Busaidi, 2005). The term umbrella is used to cover different areas around its surroundings. So the concept of Qualitative Research is designed to gather and cover the basics of health care and understand research data. Qualitative Research can also be used to study issues with doctor and patient type reaction and key elements that could be useful in developing a better...
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...Research studies are done with the intention of creating a positive impact in the welfare of a group of people or individuals within a given population. The quantitative research design is a formal, systematic and objective process of obtaining information about the world or a part that can be quantified. Health effects of environmental contaminants has evinced research work in air pollution exposure and lung function in children. Another study was conducted on the relationship between domestic exposure to radon and childhood cancers. There are three major types of quantitative research methods namely; experimental, quasi-experimental and non-experimental (Polit & Beck, 2012). In the study on air pollution and exposure and lung function in children, the method applied is descriptive research. The study is important since lung function is a marker of respiratory health and a predictor of cardiorespiratory system disease and mortality. The study was carried out in five European countries with birth cohorts taken from a credible agency European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). The study population for the analysis consisted of 5,921 children 6–8 years of age. The tabular analysis was then done for population characteristics, lung function measurements and the prevalence of low lung function according to the cohort. Distribution of estimated annual average air pollution levels, traffic indicators, and short-term air pollution exposure variables. Crude and adjusted...
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...INTRODUCTION A research design is the framework or guide used for the planning, implementation, and analysis of a study SIGNIFICANCE Research design offers the investigator an opportunity to carry out different research operations efficiently. This makes research as valuable as possible producing maximum information with minimum effort, time and money. It is the plan for answering the research question or hypothesis. Different types of questions or hypotheses demand different types of research designs, so it is important to have a broad preparation and understanding of the different types of research designs available. Research designs are most often classified as either quantitative or qualitative. Research...
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...Understanding Business Research Cherise Tholmer RES/351 June 20, 2015 Dr. Linda Wright Understanding Business Research Business research is “a systematic inquiry that provides information to guide managerial decisions” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, p. 4). When making business decisions, it is imperative that the researcher is clear on the terms that are being used. There are different methods that are applied to conduct the research that vary from topic to topic. Many researchers sometimes use the wrong research method to when conducting business research because they do not understand what method and variables to use. This paper will explore two different articles, one using quantitative research methods and one using qualitative research methods, evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and how they can be used more effectively when combined. Quantitative research “attempts precise measurement of something”(Cooper & Schindler, 2014, p. 146) that in business research “methodologies usually measure consumer behavior, knowledge, opinions or attitudes” ” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, p. 146). Article one titled Assessing the Effectiveness of Mental Health Courts: A Quantitative Review is a study where meta-analytic techniques are used to answer the main objective which is “to provide a clearer picture as to whether mental health courts are an empirically efficacious intervention for a significant health and criminological problem” (Sarteschi, Vaughn, & Kim, 2011, para...
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...UNIVERSITY CAMPUS SUFFOLK Faculty of Health and Science Department of Health Studies BSc (Hons) Diagnostic Radiography BSc (Hons) Radiotherapy and Oncology Research Methods for Radiographers – Proposal Proforma Student Number | | Title or Research question | A small scale study on the effectiveness of phantom for radiographic positioning training- Student’s perspective. | Aim* | To investigate the effectiveness of phantom used by student radiographers for radiographic positioning techniques training. | Objectives* | * To undertake questionnaire to obtain a demographic data of participants. * To evaluate student’s perspective on the use of phantom during radiographic positioning training. * To improve radiography student’s learning experience. | Rationale* | Radiography students at some health institutions have the benefit of using a phantom for their radiographic positioning training. Hands-on learning is an educational method that directly involves the learner, by actively encouraging them to do something in order to learn about it (Online teacher resource). Few studies have been conducted on the use of human patient simulators (HPS) which is a technology for educating healthcare providers at all levels and disciplines (Bremner et al, 2006). The HPS are more or less similar to a radiographic phantom which are also designed to provide invaluable training tools for radiographers and students (rothband.com)Whilst the use of human patient simulators...
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...EMAIL: moneyruffian67@gmail.com Research Design and Methods for Advanced Nursing Practice Critique NAME: Professor: Institution: Course: Date: This research is based on the idea that mothers with low incomes have a high prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms which have a negative effect on their infants and toddlers. Poorer development in infants and toddlers has been directly linked to maternal depression. Furthermore, infants of mothers who have depressed mothers tend to talk less, they engage in little play and lag behind on standardized language and mental development scales (Campbell et al, 2004). The aim of this research was to test the interpersonal psychotherapy of parenting enhancement to reduce depression of low income mothers of infants and toddlers. This study used a two group repeated measures design which was randomized. Mothers who were given the IPT + PE plus EHS enrichment were compared with mothers getting attention control health education plus EHS enrichment. The IPT + PE and ACTAU conditions were delivered over a 20 week period. Data were collected at four points: at baseline before randomization (T1), partway through the intervention (T2: 14 weeks), after completion of the intervention and termination with the nurse (T3:22weeks), and 1 month after all intervention stopped (T4: 26 weeks). The sample involved 226 mothers with infants. They were enrolled in in one of six EHS programs in the northeastern and southeastern...
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...Research Report and Presentation JoAnn Buckson RES/320 September 11rd, 2012 Amy Holland I. Employee satisfaction II. Introduction III. Statement of the problem IV. Literature Review A. Sampling Plans 1. Survey Method 2. Qualitative Method 3. Quantitative Method B. General Information 1. Research Design 2. Mythology C. Who does it affect 1. Expected Results 2. Reports IIII. Conclusion and Recommendations Introduction Employees of all incomes brackets and age groups continue to become less and less satisfied at work. Employee satisfaction means different things to different people. For example, an employees’ motivation can range from basic pay to survive, to contributors that work for the satisfaction of contributing to the greater good (Thompson, (2004). Research indicates that satisfied employees are more likely to stay with his or her employers (Heathfield, 2012). According to this survey 82% of the employees at this hospital indicated overall satisfaction with his or her position with 35% reporting he or she was very satisfied. More surprising 62% said that the current job market did not play a role in his or her job satisfaction. Hospitals have a well-balanced diversity of people and levels of working...
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...EMAIL: moneyruffian67@gmail.com Research Design and Methods for Advanced Nursing Practice Critique NAME: Professor: Institution: Course: Date: This research is based on the idea that mothers with low incomes have a high prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms which have a negative effect on their infants and toddlers. Poorer development in infants and toddlers has been directly linked to maternal depression. Furthermore, infants of mothers who have depressed mothers tend to talk less, they engage in little play and lag behind on standardized language and mental development scales (Campbell et al, 2004). The aim of this research was to test the interpersonal psychotherapy of parenting enhancement to reduce depression of low income mothers of infants and toddlers. This study used a two group repeated measures design which was randomized. Mothers who were given the IPT + PE plus EHS enrichment were compared with mothers getting attention control health education plus EHS enrichment. The IPT + PE and ACTAU conditions were delivered over a 20 week period. Data were collected at four points: at baseline before randomization (T1), partway through the intervention (T2: 14 weeks), after completion of the intervention and termination with the nurse (T3:22weeks), and 1 month after all intervention stopped (T4: 26 weeks). The sample involved 226 mothers with infants. They were enrolled in in one of six EHS programs in the northeastern and southeastern...
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...3. a) The research methods that were used to conduct this study were the survey method and the correlational method. The survey was used to gain data for the study. All data was derived from the 2010 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) which is a yearly, randomized telephone survey of behavioural risk factors among US adults over the age of 18. The representative sample was a total of 255,171 American adults and the study spanned over thirty days which is one month. In addition, the correlational method was used in a distinct sense that it compared the results of the survey by dividing the participants into five groups. The five groups were as follows: individuals who experienced less than six days of insufficient sleep which...
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...Health Research and Designs Kimberly Mongold HPR 460 Analysis of Health Research Instructor: Sarah Howell September 07, 2014 Health Research and Designs This paper is in regard to a cross-sectional study that was used to estimate the prevalence of tobacco consumption and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis in the city of Barcelona in Spain (Curto, A., Martínez-Sánchez, J., & Fernández, E. (2011). “Cross sectional studies are the best way to determine prevalence and are useful at identifying associations that can then be more rigorously studied using a cohort study or randomised controlled study. Although they are quick and easy, they do not allow for the distinction between cause and effect” (Mann,C.J., 2003). Although most cross sectional studies are done using questionnaires, in this case the use observation to collect their data. The purpose of this study was to research the health effects from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in in private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis. The sample size was 2442 private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis on 40 public roads. There were two main variables, total tobacco consumption ,either by the driver or the passenger, and SHS exposure. This study provided an estimation of smoking in some types of vehicles and highlighted the need for public health measures that would be aimed at reducing tobacco consumption in private cars, especially in the presence of children...
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...This chapter reviews aims and objectives of the study and details the methodology used. The research question is explored in detail which this study aims to answer. Modified ground theory forms the basis of the methodology in this study. In depth interview was conducted to get complete insight into the traits and characteristics of leaders in rural and remote heaths service areas. Words of the participants are quoted for interpretation by the readers and better understanding of the subject. The data are further analysed using the standard ground theory methods. 3.2 Aims: There are three major aims of this study. The first aim is to describe the traits and characteristics of leaders in rural and remote health service areas in Australia...
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...Chapter 3 Methodology: Study methodology is the systematic analysis of the techniques that clarify which mechanisms are useful to convey on the study. This chapter consists of the research strategy, sample sizes, data collection instruments and techniques that were used to get suitable outcome. Predominantly, the methods used by the researchers to approximate, show and explain the certain phenomenon are termed as a research methodology. The point of this chapter is to present the methodologies used by the examiner to fill the gap and describes the limitations as well as the scope of the research design. The methodology further states the methods used by the researcher to gather data by keeping in view the ethical considerations 3.1 Research...
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...Dependent and Independent Variables The two articles that I did my research on to identify methodologies and dependent and independent variables are Other mothering as a Framework for Understanding African American Students’ definition of Student-Centered Faculty and A Qualitative Study Exploring Mothers’ Perception of Child Neglect. Both articles use the ethnography participant observation and nonparticipant observation methodologies when summarizing these articles. The first article illustrates through observation and research that it indicates that faculty/student relationship affect student satisfaction with college. The dependent variable is the relationship students have with faculty and the independent variable is the satisfaction that African Americans are satisfied with the school which could affect participation in school ultimately determining what types of grades that are achieved. This qualitative definitively illustrates how social setting plays a part in the dependent and independent variables because the research article concludes” that black students attending predominately white institutions had less contact with faculty outside the classroom and were less academically integrated into campus life than were white students”. Nettles (1991). Additionally, Fleming (1984) her examining the experience of black students at PWIs and at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Arnold (1993) “in a study investigating the college experience of high school valedictorians...
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...Name of method | Description of method | When method is used | Triangulation | Triangulation involves three people. It is the communication method in which one person does not communicate directly with another person. Although, both people communicate with the third person. | This method is used when one person is not able to communicate directly to another person. For example, it is used in case studies, when opinions of different people or groups need to be gathered. | Quantitative | Quantitative research is when one collects data through questionnaires of preference for types of television programs. The information is then analyzed to determine the mean preference scores for the given programs. | Quantitative research is widely used in psychology, economics, sociology, marketing, health & human development, gender and political science. | Qualitative | Qualitative research is mainly exploratory research. It provides insights into a problem or it helps to develop ideas. | It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It also used when looking deeper into a problem | Surveys | Surveys are useful in identifying the truth. Through surveys, issues can be addressed more efficiently. Data is collected through a large amount of people when using surveys. | Surveys are useful when identifying needs and wants of stakeholders in an organization, for developing strategies, and collecting large amounts of data. | Experimentation...
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