...Introduction The provision of quality health services is fundamental to the success of any society; the government, development agents, experts as well as the society play an important role in promoting quality health. Quality health requires various pertinent tools and resources for instance: Technology, qualified personnel, and financial resources form the imperative components of health improvements. The Foundational Frameworks for Quality Health Improvements There are various fundamental designs that are formulated and implemented by various stakeholders to facilitate quality health improvement. These designs vary in their level of efficacy as well as the amount of resources needed for their successful implementation. To begin, stakeholder such as the government has been increasingly applying the concept of partnerships as a framework for improving quality health provision. This more like a collaborative approach whereby stakeholders such health specialists and local communities work partnership in identification of health problems and formulating effective solutions. Another framework that plays an important role in improving quality in the health sector is the research and innovation; this involves the provision of a platform to various stakeholders to develop new ideas and concepts that can facilitate the provision of quality health to the society. Governments, donors, and various communities can play great role in promoting research and innovation in the health sector through...
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... Systems Evolution Health Management Organizations (HMO) is a prepaid health care coverage. In an HMO health care coverage plan, the patient picks primary care physicians (PCP) who takes complete care of the patients’ medical needs. This PCP has a contract with HMO and has to follow HMO regulations. In some cases, which the PCP is not qualified to treat a specific medical problem, so the patient is referred to a specialist. This type of coverage was started in Two Harbors, Minnesota. A railroad company had two doctors who retired and left them without any health care service. This prompted the community to buy the hospital from the railroad and create the Community Health Association in 1944. This became the model for today’s HMOs but this is not the first of its kind. In the history of health care there have been programs similar to the HMO coverage, which helped mold the HMOs of today. The first example of an HMO was seen in 1910 in Tacoma, Washington. A timber mill and their employees paid a premium each month for certain medical services. In 1929 Ross-Loos Medical Group offered medical services to the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and Los Angeles employees for a premium every month. This prompted the fire and police departments to enroll within the year. In 1982 as Ross-Loos Medical Group continued to grow, they merged with the Insurance Company of North America and Connecticut General to form CIGNA Health Care (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia...
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...Health Disparity as a Public Health Initiative A Public Health Initiative involves all the activities whose establishment points towards improving the present and forthcoming defines in the health sector. The significant aim of PHI encompasses from the provision of essentials that assists given countries to adhere to the practice of healthy policies. In the long run, it will in turn lead to the creation of various opportunities including research and training of health workers. One of the health initiatives involves the Health Disparity. There exists a broad discrimination in the event in which various patients receive health services. It, therefore, puts health disparity as one of the public health initiatives. In this regard, this paper discusses more health inequality and its relevance to the health sector (Barr, 2014). Health disparity is a standard issue in the present world. It is a matter that arises due to the distinctiveness in the ethnic background, the color difference of individuals and the even difference in the language spoken. However, in the event of finding a solution to the given disparity, there exist certain principles of economics for evaluating and assessing the need for health inequality. The first principle advocates for the equal treatment of everybody in need of medical attention. It is a principle whose aims majors in equity (Bayer, 2012). Regardless of an individual’s ethnic background, each and every person dwelling in the planet earth deserves...
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...Sciences de l'Homme Alternative Systems of Health Care Provision Author(s): Timothy Besley, Miguel Gouveia and Jacques Drèze Reviewed work(s): Source: Economic Policy, Vol. 9, No. 19 (Oct., 1994), pp. 199-258 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Centre for Economic Policy Research, Center for Economic Studies, and the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1344496 . Accessed: 24/12/2012 16:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Wiley, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Center for Economic Studies, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Economic Policy. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Mon, 24 Dec 2012 16:11:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Alternative systems of health care provision Timothy Besley and MiguelGouveia and of Princeton University University Pennsylvania 1. I[ntroduction Around the developed world, many health care systems are in crisis. Populations feel...
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...The Affordable Care Act The Legal Environment of Business September 14th, 2014 Copyright 2014 The Affordable Care Act The Affordable Care Act also called “Obamacare” which was signed by President Barack Obama in 2010. The Affordable Care Act is about the new health insurance, which aims to cover everyone in the United States. “Under the Affordable Care Act, the Federal government, State governments, insurers, employers, and individuals are given shared responsibility to reform and improve the availability, quality, and affordability of health insurance coverage in the United States.” (Reyes, 2013) This article concludes five specific provisions of the Affordable Care Act about improving the quality and efficiency of health care. After that, three regulations based on the Affordable Care Act will be discussed. Finally, the Constitutionality of the ACA will be discussed as it refers to two landmark cases. Five Provisions of the ACA There are many provisions in Affordable Care Act, and all the provisions I choose are from title III—improve the quality and efficiency of health care. In my opinion, the most important factors of health care are the quality and efficiency which are indispensable in the Affordable Care Act. My choices are about the data collection from the patient and privacy protection, the performance report, the treatment for cancer hospitals, prescription drug’s benefit and risk, and guarantee benefit for Medicare. Provision 1. SEC. 399II [42 U...
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...work will be about ageing explaining two theories (Disengagement & activity theory) I will explain what these theories are. Disengagement- This is a theory that older people will need to withdraw from social contact with others. Older people will disengage because of reduced physical health and loss of social opportunities having them withdrawn from involvement. Authors put forward this disengagement theory that older people would naturally tend to withdraw from social involvement with others as they get older; older people would have restricted opportunities to interact with others due to reduced health and social opportunities. Activity theory- It has been argued that older people needed to disengage, but that they also needed to remain ‘active’ in order to prevent disengagement going too far. Bromley said ‘It is not sufficient merely to provide facilities for elderly people. They need to be educated to make use of them and encouraged to abandon apathetic attitudes and fixed habits.’ Too much disengagement would lead to ‘stagnation’ and a loss of mental and physical skills. Elderly people need to stay somewhat engaged in social activity to avoid becoming completely isolated from society. M2- Discuss two major theories of ageing in relation to the development of the individual. I will be discussing two major theories of ageing (disengagement & activity theory) and discuss at which point my chosen celebrity might disengage or stay actively involved with social activities...
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...Organ transplantation in the Health Care Industry 1 Organ Transplantation in the Health Care Industry De Andre’ Chaission Texas Southern University Authors Note De Andre’ S Chaission , Department of Health Sciences, Health Administration Major Correspondece concerning this article should be addressed to De Andre Chaission, Health Administration, Texas Southern University, Houston, Tx 77004 Contact : Chaission@yahoo.com Organ Transplantation in the Health Care Industry 3 Organ transplantation is a medical act which involves the surgical operating by transferring or removing of an organ from one person to the other, or placing the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient for the replacement of the recipients damaged or failed organ which resulted from impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism or an act that causes someone to receive physical damage. Lately, there is an emerging innovation whereby organs are created to form and increase in size by a process of inorganic accretion, from the patient’s cell. This field of medicine is known as the regenerative medicine. In addition to this, there are basically various types of regenerative medical transplanting which are known as the auto graft, allograft organic transplantation, iso-graft, xeno-graft and xeno- transplantation...
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...Health care is a general rubric for discussing major health policies creation or changes. Health care delivery options often affect the entire population in the United States, because the government sets rules for all hospitals and care facilities to follow. This is important because the patient will not be subject to fraud in a sense because of the rules that the health care facilities have to obey by. In recent news the American health debate will save billions of dollars in over the course of the next 10 years ("Health care blog," 2012) to create a more sustainable, affordable plan for the American population. Therefore the recent health care reforms measures are expanded and allow an easier access to care for patients. The quality, affordable health care act is for all Americans it is one of the many new health care reforms in the United States. This virtually covers everyone from having insurance, even individuals who do not have insurance these individuals will have options on insurance plans. One of the provisions of the act is to allow: “…individuals, families and small business owners in control of their health care. It reduces premium costs for millions of working families and small businesses by providing hundreds of billions of dollars in tax relief – the largest middle class tax cut for health care in history. It also reduces what families will have to pay for health care by capping out-of-pocket expenses and requiring preventive care to be fully covered without...
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...The Argument for using Retainer Medicine as a Means of Improving Primary Care Huddle, M.D., PHD, Centor, M.D. (2011) “Retainer Medicine: An Ethically Legitimate Form of Practice That Can Improve Primary Care.” Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 55, Number 9 In retainer practices, Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) contract with patients who are willing to pay a flat annual fee either for all primary care services or for services beyond those covered by conventional insurance. The physician with a retainer practice limits his or her patient panel size to a manageable number, creating a more satisfying practice style and more time for both practice and other pursuits; these physicians and their patients have a better primary care experience than before. Critics of retainer medicine suggest that such arrangements breach a de facto social contract between physicians and society and will worsen the current imbalance between the number of primary caregivers and the patients who need them. So far, professional organizations have not taken a stance on retainer medicine, although the American College of Physicians has sounded a cautionary note about its ethical status. The authors contend that retainer medicine is an ethical form of practice that will eventually improve the work conditions for primary caregivers and thereby diminish the shortage of PCPs in the United States. Part of the authors’ argument is they do not believe the pursuit of social justice is an integral aspect of...
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...Values in Nursing Name: Institution: Course code: Instructor’s name: Date: Explain the functional differences between a regulatory agency, such as a Board of Nursing (BRN), and a professional nursing organization (PNO) as it pertains to your professional nursing practice. A regulatory agency such as a Board of Nursing (BRN) is a federal agency that is found in every state. The main function of a BRN is to safeguard the health of the community by overseeing nursing practice and ensuring safety in a state. This is achieved through the issuance of nursing licenses and ensuring that the licensees are complying with the laid down state laws. On the other hand, a PNO is a union that represents various types of nurses and nursing backgrounds. A PNO can have a statewide reach (such as the Colorado Nurses Association), a national reach (such as the American Nurses Association) or an international reach (such as the International Child Health Nursing Alliance). The main function of the regulatory agencies is to outline the safety standards in health care within the boundaries of a specific state (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2015). Conversely, a PNO has various functions that are all geared towards awareness among nurses. PNOs allow nurses to stay informed by offering avenues to stay up to date with the important issues that influence their professional lives. PNOs also serve the purpose of giving nurses a sense of belonging by developing collaborative relationships...
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...mandate provision of the Affordable Care Act, known as “Obamacare” an appropriate policy to promote personal and social responsibility? Obamacare is for those small organizations that pay for their insurance. Obamacare, which is also well known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), is a law passed which guarantees that all Americans can have health insurance which is affordable. This is executed by providing Americans tax credit, or discounts, on health insurance plans provided by the government. Someone can only gain tax credit to help offset your health insurance costs only if your household income between one to four times the Federal Poverty Level, which is used to determine the lowest cost for basic necessities. It is also executed by enlarging Medicaid programs to include Americans who cannot pay for their health insurance. Of course with a new law come new rules. The Affordable Care Act now has rules which companies are required to follow. One of the rules now allows for someone who has had any history of a preexisting medical condition, such as cancer, to not be rejected for any reason, and to have costs low. Whereas before if someone with a history of a preexisting medical condition went to buy health insurance they would be turned down. One of the most important segments of Obamacare is the individual mandate. It is a part of the shared responsibly provision and it also includes a responsibility fee. One of the things the individual mandate provision requires...
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...End-of-life care is often associated with a myriad of legal/ethical requirements that medical practitioners have to comply with, failure to which there very grave consequences both to individuals and health care institutions. Advance directives comprises of one’s wish about his or her health care decision in case he or she is incapacitated to an extent that they cannot make their own health decisions. The common functions associated with advanced directives include consent and capacity, artificial feeding, life-sustaining treatment, basic care, withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining treatment, withdrawal of life-prolonging treatment, and euthanasia (assisted dying). Ideally, people usually tell doctors their wishes. However, in cases a person is not in a position to make their own health care decisions another means of communicating his decision are necessary (National Cancer Institute, 2011b). This is where advance directives come in. The two main types of advance directives are durable powers of attorney for health care and the living will. The...
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... The economics of health care field studies demand and supply of health care resources, that is, allocation of the resources, within a given health care system. The health care system is defined as “the organizational arrangements and processes through which a society makes choices concerning the production, consumption, and distribution of health care services.”6 Because health care resources are limited, each society has to make decisions in terms of the distribution, consumption, and production of these services. A key factor that shapes the delivery of health care in any health care system is the evolving system for financing and reimbursement for health care services. The types of services delivered and the organizational approaches to delivering services are heavily influenced by how health care is paid for. In this paper I will discuss some values of healthcare professionals understand the discipline of health economics, the importance of considering the complex nature of health and healthcare when examining the economic principles, and the main potential benefits of learning about health economics. In the health care market, patients or consumers, health care providers or producers, and third-party payers are three major players. According to the principles of economic theory, consumers or patients on the demand side seek to maximize their utility or satisfaction, which is largely determined by the consumption of medical services and quality of care. On the supply side...
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...profession to society. This is especially true given that the individual rights remain a potential risk to the rights of others in society, hence the need for imposing responsibilities on individual rights (Brous, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the regulations for a Registered Nurse (RN) licensure and the mandatory continuing education required by the state of Texas, the impact of the American Nurses Associations (ANA), and the legislation on nursing and health care practice in Texas. Scope of Practice Texas State Board of Nursing defines Registered Nurses scope of practice as a professional who stands in for the patients, and families, by ensuring that all his/her practices are abiding by the Nurse Practice Act (NPA) and the Board of Nursing (BON) rules and regulations. To achieve this, the RN is bound by professional standards to plan and perform nursing care based on their areas of professional specialty. The RN portrays an understanding of the biological, physical, and social science principles obtained while in professional nursing school (Texas Board of Nursing [BON], 2011). This is visible as one is able to integrate the academic knowledge and skills in the way of his/her planning and delivery of nursing care in a more professional way. The scope of practice by the RN is defined by elements such as: the level of education, the level and influence of engagement in the nursing process, and the settings in the offering on nursing care services...
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...ASSESSMENT FEEDBACK FRONT SHEET | |STUDENTS NAME: | |Edexcel BTEC Level 3 |Unit no & Title: 10: Caring for Children and Young People | |Health and Social Care | | |[pic] | | | |Assignment no & title: 10: Know how care is provided for looked after children and young people | | |Date Brief IV’d: | | |Marking Tutor : | | |Handout Date : | | |Submission Date : | | |Feedback Date due: ...
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