...Abstract Hepatitis A is a serious disease. It can be found in the liver. This disease was discovered by Steven M. Feinstone in 1973. The Hepatitis A virus is a small non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. This disease normally causes inflation in the liver. Histologic regression of both necroinflammation and fibrosis has been demonstrated in paired liver biopsy samples in SVR-achieving patients. The first description of hepatitis A is generally attributed to Hippocrates and outbreaks of hepatitis A has been recognized for centuries,affecting both military and civilian populations.Major geographical differences in endemicity of hepatitis A are closely related to hygienic and sanitary conditions and other indicators of the level of socioeconomic...
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...Communicable Disease Paper - Hepatitis A Hepatitis A is a communicable viral liver disease. A recent outbreak of Hepatitis A has recently occurred across five states. For this reason this paper will describe the disease, its treatment and prevention; the factors that contribute to its spread; how personal lifestyles, including that of socioeconomic status influence the disease and the control of the disease. If there are gaps and resources available to fill these gaps will be discussed along with alternatives and recommendations for prevention and/or reduction in the spread of Hepatitis A. Within this document the goal will be to include data supporting the findings and plans to ensure continuation of quality of health and quality of life. Description Hepatitis A is an extremely contagious viral disease that attacks the liver and can cause mild to severe illness. The infection will cause the liver to decline in its functional use. Hepatitis A is “most likely to (be) contract(ed) from contaminated food or water or from close contact with someone who’s already infected” (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Contaminated food and/or water usually has had contact with human fecal matter via ingestion or contact with a contaminated object or person. Many who have contacted Hepatitis A may not even realize they have contracted the disease. The symptoms range from mild to severe and can include any of the following: jaundice, fatigue, stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, and fever. These symptoms...
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...Hepatitis c is a blood born virus that affects the liver. The disease was discovered in 1989. The virus infects others when an infected person comes in contact with an infected person. There are several ways a person can be infected by hepatitis, sharing needles, blood transfusion, piercing, tattoos, from mother to infant, and intercourse. Hepatitis is a single stranded RNA virus that is enveloped virus.” Binding to the cell surface, HCV particles enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis.” That is how the virus enters and invades, there is no known fact on where the virus originated. “There are at least six major HCV genotypes and more than 50 subtypes of HCV.” The book describes how the genotypes are categorized by different locations....
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...Hepatitis B is a virus that is transmitted when infected body fluids enter the body of a non infected person. It can happen through sexual contact or by using needles that an infected person used. It can also be transmitted by an infected mother to an infant at the time she is giving birth and also can be vertically transmitted from father to infant. The hepatitis B virus can lead to other health issues, for example liver cancer or cirrhosis. This virus has become a global health problem and it has become one of the top ten causes of death. It is also one of the main causes of end-stage liver disease. There are currently three working therapies for chronic hepatitis B interferon, lamivudine, and adefovir dipivoxil. There is also a vaccine...
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...frequently, mainly in the medical field. A frequently asked question: What is a virus? A virus is a small, microscopic, infective agent that is only able to multiply within a host. A specific type of virus is a bloodborne virus. Hepatitis C virus is a bloodborne virus that is transmitted through exposure to small amounts of blood. The hepatitis C virus can cause liver disease. HCV can come in both acute and chronic forms. Acute hepatitis C is the mildest form of HCV. Chronic HCV is the common, long-lasting version. Furthermore, Hepatitis C is transmitted through exposure to infected blood. It is predominantly transmitted by sharing needles or other injection equipment and unscreened blood transfusions. It can also rarely be transmitted through sexual intercourse with an HCV infected person, sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes or from a mother to a child during birth. HCV is prevalent in older or former injection drug users. They have about a 70-90% higher prevalence than younger injection drug users between the ages of...
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...One of the deadly disease that often attacks the liver is hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver disease that strikes silently. So when you suffer from this disease, it is possible that you are not aware of it and certainly it can make health got worse. The disease is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C virus is largely going to be chronic. If not treated, it can turn into a lifetime of heart disease. Transmission of hepatitis C virus similar to the hepatitis B virus, i.e. through the blood (blood transfusion, needles, tattoos, and labor). However, borrowing items such as razors or toothbrushes are more rarely transmit the virus hepatitis C. Hepatitis C can now more quickly cured with the latest drugs and affordable price. Most Hepatitis C treatment is a combination of several different types of medications such as:...
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...Hepatitis B Virus According to the CDC, Hepatitis B is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Hepatitis B is an infection transmitted by blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person who’s infected with the Hepatitis B virus. Such can occur through sexual contact, sharing needles, syringes, other drug-injection equipment; or from mother to baby at birth. Other ways you may become infected with hepatitis B is if you come in contact with infected blood or open sores and wounds of those infected. Sharing items such as tooth brushes and razors are also a very high-risk way of meeting with Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is not spread through food or water, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, hand holding, coughing, or sneezing. Signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B vary by age. When present, signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B Virus infections can include, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine and joint pain. Less severe HBV symptoms and infections will resolve on their own, but some will develop into chronic infection. Most persons with chronic HBV infection are asymptomatic and have no evidence of liver disease. However, they may develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (a type of liver cancer)....
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...INTRODUCTION Hepatitis implies aggravation of the liver. Poisons, certain medications, a few maladies, substantial liquor use and bacterial and viral diseases can all reason hepatitis. HCV is a small positive-strand ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus in the Flaviviridae family (1). Hepatitis is additionally the name of a group of viral diseases that influence the liver the most well known sorts are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is an infectious liver sickness that ranges in seriousness from a gentle ailment enduring a couple of weeks to a genuine, long lasting disease that assaults the liver. It comes about because of contamination with the Hepatitis C infection which is spread fundamentally through contact with the blood of a contaminated individual. Hepatitis C can be either "acute" or "chronic." In 1987, hepatitis C virus (HCV) was discovered to be the causative agent of a type of hepatitis previously known as non-A, non-B hepatitis (2). Hepatitis C infection is a real reason for liver ailment overall and a...
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...Hepatitis C What is hepatitis C? Hepatitis C is a virus that can cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The virus is usually transmitted through blood or sexual contact. Some patients acquire the virus and develop acute hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). In a subset of patients, the initial infection fails to clear and individuals advance to chronic hepatitis C infection. Chronic hepatitis C significantly increases the risk of progressive liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) and failure if left untreated. The risk of liver cancer is also increased. Patients with HCV of frequently co-infected with HIV – treatment of both frequently leads to better outcomes. The long-term consequences of chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis include...
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...Gosport journal, Vol. 80, No. 7, Curing Hepatitis C: Not just a dream anymore, By Lt. Cmdr. Brent Lacey, Naval Hospital Pensacola. Addressing this non-symptom illness as one of the principal causes to chronic disease, risking people born between 1945 and 1965. For many years in the U.S. has been affected with the diagnosis of chronic Hepatitis C, people had no way to screen for the cure. This virus is easy to spread and hard to treat. However, many of the treatments available made people feel more sick, and made them have flu, with no other symptom this illness took several lives away. Right now, depending on the genotype of the virus people can achieve a cure. The Naval Hospital Pensacola has developed the first hospital screening program...
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...Hepatitis C Liver is one of the biggest and important organs in the human body. It is responsible for producing many vital and beneficial chemical substances in the body such as proteins, vitamin D, and cholesterol.1 It is also considered as a storage organ and has an essential part in the digesting process. Hepatitis is a common disease that affects liver by viral infections. Universally, almost 130 to 150 million people have chronic hepatitis C and about 500,000 people who are infected with HCV die every year because of its related liver diseases.2 The ability of understanding hepatitis C and comprehend its effects depends on defining hepatitis C, recognizing the symptoms, and finding the treatment. Defining hepatitis C might be a bit complicated because of its name origins. Hepatitis is a combination of Greek and Latin words that mean inflammation of the liver which means that the liver becomes turgid and can’t work properly. Hepatitis C is one type of hepatitis that is considered to be the most dangerous type since it can lead to liver cancer, and in 75% to 85% of HCV infected people that can evolve a chronic hepatitis C.3 Even though that researches are being developed, but there is no absolute vaccine for Hepatitis C. To conclude, Hepatitis C is a viral infection that affect the liver and stop it from...
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...Running head: EPIDEMIOLOGY PAPER - HEPATITIS B 1 Epidemiology Paper - Hepatitis B Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-0102 EPIDEMIOLOGY PAPER - HEPATITIS B Epidemiology Paper - Hepatitis B 2 ―Communicable disease‖ means an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host‖ ("CDC," 2010, p. 1). Hepatitis B is one of the communicable diseases which are a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). CAUSES ―Exposure may occur: After a needle stick or sharps injury - Hepatitis B is a concern for health care workers and anyone else who comes in contact with human blood If any blood or other body fluid touches your skin, eyes or mouth People who may be at risk of hepatitis B are those who: Unprotected sex with an infected partner – one may become infected having unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner whose blood, saliva, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body. Receive blood transfusions (not common in the United States) Have contact with blood at work (such as health care workers) Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Get a tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles Share needles during drug use - HBV is easily transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated...
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...Culture & Disease Paper Dipali Patel HCS 235 July 09, 2012 Culture & Disease Paper Hepatitis is a viral disease that affects people of all ethnic groups, races and various religious backgrounds. However, compared to the other racial or ethnic groups’ Asian population are more likely to be a higher risk to inheriting the disease than any other racial or ethnic group. The subject of discussion in this paper is how Hepatitis propagates making the Asian population in particular at risk to this disease (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012). What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is the swelling of the liver that makes it to stop working well. There are five main types of known Hepatitis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D and Hepatitis E (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012). Liver is organ of the body that is responsible for the variety of functions such as Detoxifications, store vitamins, maintain production of the biochemical needed by one’s body for digestion, and maintain the proper glucose levels in the body. The liver is also responsible in production of certain hormones required by the human body, and production of urea the main substance present in the urine. Hepatitis is a viral infection caused by a virus that attacks the liver leading to inflammation and demising its ability to perform the...
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...Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology Paper Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-0501 Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology Paper Hepatitis B The definition for Hepatitis changes with whom you ask. To some it means a horrible painful way to die while others are able to look at it as a disease. The word Hepatitis means liver inflamation. The liver is a large, glandular, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen. It consists of 5 lobes and secretes bile into the gallbladder and into the small intestine and aids in the digestion of lipids. Hepatitis is often caused by a virus. Hepatitis A, B, and C are the most common types in the United States but there is also a type D, E, and there was thought to be an F but after a thorough investigation they failed to prove its existence. Hepatitis B (HBV) is a liver disease that is contagious. It is believed that approximately 1.2 to 1.4 million people in the United States have chronic Hepatitis many of which are not officially diagnosed. There are two stages or categories of Hepatitis B, chronic and acute. Chronic Hepatitis B is anyone who has had the virus for longer than 6 months ("Hepatitis B," 2010) and at this point it is considered a lifelong illness. The beginning or acute phase of Hepatitis B is the first 6 months of being exposed to the virus. During this first 6 months some people are able to fight the infection off and get rid of it. Symptoms may...
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...Epidemiology Paper Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS 427V Colleen Darrow RN June 28, 2014 Epidemiology Paper “World wide, two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B Virus” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 112) Hepatitis B virus cause liver tissue infections which is life threatening potentially. And both acute and chronic hepatitis B has a profound impact on global health. “More than 240 million people have chronic liver infections, and more than 780,000 people die every year due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B.”("WHO Media Center," 2014) The HBV is transmitted from an infected carrier to the others via contact with blood and other body fluid. Hepatitis B is also a major occupational hazard for health workers. Fortunately the infection can be effectively prevented by safe vaccine. Since 1982, safe Hepatitis B vaccine has been available; the effectiveness of preventing the infection and its long-term consequences has been established. Hepatitis B vaccine is the first vaccine which against a major human cancer. “HBV infection may result in subclinical or asymptomatic infection, acute self-limited hepatitis, or fulminant hepatitis requiring liver transplant.” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 113) The average incubation period is 90 days for a newly infected person who may develop acute hepatitis. The common signs and symptoms for acute hepatitis are nausea...
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