...Hepatitis c is a blood born virus that affects the liver. The disease was discovered in 1989. The virus infects others when an infected person comes in contact with an infected person. There are several ways a person can be infected by hepatitis, sharing needles, blood transfusion, piercing, tattoos, from mother to infant, and intercourse. Hepatitis is a single stranded RNA virus that is enveloped virus.” Binding to the cell surface, HCV particles enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis.” That is how the virus enters and invades, there is no known fact on where the virus originated. “There are at least six major HCV genotypes and more than 50 subtypes of HCV.” The book describes how the genotypes are categorized by different locations....
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...Hepatitis B is a virus that is transmitted when infected body fluids enter the body of a non infected person. It can happen through sexual contact or by using needles that an infected person used. It can also be transmitted by an infected mother to an infant at the time she is giving birth and also can be vertically transmitted from father to infant. The hepatitis B virus can lead to other health issues, for example liver cancer or cirrhosis. This virus has become a global health problem and it has become one of the top ten causes of death. It is also one of the main causes of end-stage liver disease. There are currently three working therapies for chronic hepatitis B interferon, lamivudine, and adefovir dipivoxil. There is also a vaccine...
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...frequently, mainly in the medical field. A frequently asked question: What is a virus? A virus is a small, microscopic, infective agent that is only able to multiply within a host. A specific type of virus is a bloodborne virus. Hepatitis C virus is a bloodborne virus that is transmitted through exposure to small amounts of blood. The hepatitis C virus can cause liver disease. HCV can come in both acute and chronic forms. Acute hepatitis C is the mildest form of HCV. Chronic HCV is the common, long-lasting version. Furthermore, Hepatitis C is transmitted through exposure to infected blood. It is predominantly transmitted by sharing needles or other injection equipment and unscreened blood transfusions. It can also rarely be transmitted through sexual intercourse with an HCV infected person, sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes or from a mother to a child during birth. HCV is prevalent in older or former injection drug users. They have about a 70-90% higher prevalence than younger injection drug users between the ages of...
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...One of the deadly disease that often attacks the liver is hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver disease that strikes silently. So when you suffer from this disease, it is possible that you are not aware of it and certainly it can make health got worse. The disease is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C virus is largely going to be chronic. If not treated, it can turn into a lifetime of heart disease. Transmission of hepatitis C virus similar to the hepatitis B virus, i.e. through the blood (blood transfusion, needles, tattoos, and labor). However, borrowing items such as razors or toothbrushes are more rarely transmit the virus hepatitis C. Hepatitis C can now more quickly cured with the latest drugs and affordable price. Most Hepatitis C treatment is a combination of several different types of medications such as:...
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...Hepatitis B Virus According to the CDC, Hepatitis B is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Hepatitis B is an infection transmitted by blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person who’s infected with the Hepatitis B virus. Such can occur through sexual contact, sharing needles, syringes, other drug-injection equipment; or from mother to baby at birth. Other ways you may become infected with hepatitis B is if you come in contact with infected blood or open sores and wounds of those infected. Sharing items such as tooth brushes and razors are also a very high-risk way of meeting with Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is not spread through food or water, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, hand holding, coughing, or sneezing. Signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B vary by age. When present, signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B Virus infections can include, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine and joint pain. Less severe HBV symptoms and infections will resolve on their own, but some will develop into chronic infection. Most persons with chronic HBV infection are asymptomatic and have no evidence of liver disease. However, they may develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (a type of liver cancer)....
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...INTRODUCTION Hepatitis implies aggravation of the liver. Poisons, certain medications, a few maladies, substantial liquor use and bacterial and viral diseases can all reason hepatitis. HCV is a small positive-strand ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus in the Flaviviridae family (1). Hepatitis is additionally the name of a group of viral diseases that influence the liver the most well known sorts are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is an infectious liver sickness that ranges in seriousness from a gentle ailment enduring a couple of weeks to a genuine, long lasting disease that assaults the liver. It comes about because of contamination with the Hepatitis C infection which is spread fundamentally through contact with the blood of a contaminated individual. Hepatitis C can be either "acute" or "chronic." In 1987, hepatitis C virus (HCV) was discovered to be the causative agent of a type of hepatitis previously known as non-A, non-B hepatitis (2). Hepatitis C infection is a real reason for liver ailment overall and a...
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...Hepatitis C What is hepatitis C? Hepatitis C is a virus that can cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The virus is usually transmitted through blood or sexual contact. Some patients acquire the virus and develop acute hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). In a subset of patients, the initial infection fails to clear and individuals advance to chronic hepatitis C infection. Chronic hepatitis C significantly increases the risk of progressive liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) and failure if left untreated. The risk of liver cancer is also increased. Patients with HCV of frequently co-infected with HIV – treatment of both frequently leads to better outcomes. The long-term consequences of chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis include...
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...Gosport journal, Vol. 80, No. 7, Curing Hepatitis C: Not just a dream anymore, By Lt. Cmdr. Brent Lacey, Naval Hospital Pensacola. Addressing this non-symptom illness as one of the principal causes to chronic disease, risking people born between 1945 and 1965. For many years in the U.S. has been affected with the diagnosis of chronic Hepatitis C, people had no way to screen for the cure. This virus is easy to spread and hard to treat. However, many of the treatments available made people feel more sick, and made them have flu, with no other symptom this illness took several lives away. Right now, depending on the genotype of the virus people can achieve a cure. The Naval Hospital Pensacola has developed the first hospital screening program...
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...Hepatitis C Liver is one of the biggest and important organs in the human body. It is responsible for producing many vital and beneficial chemical substances in the body such as proteins, vitamin D, and cholesterol.1 It is also considered as a storage organ and has an essential part in the digesting process. Hepatitis is a common disease that affects liver by viral infections. Universally, almost 130 to 150 million people have chronic hepatitis C and about 500,000 people who are infected with HCV die every year because of its related liver diseases.2 The ability of understanding hepatitis C and comprehend its effects depends on defining hepatitis C, recognizing the symptoms, and finding the treatment. Defining hepatitis C might be a bit complicated because of its name origins. Hepatitis is a combination of Greek and Latin words that mean inflammation of the liver which means that the liver becomes turgid and can’t work properly. Hepatitis C is one type of hepatitis that is considered to be the most dangerous type since it can lead to liver cancer, and in 75% to 85% of HCV infected people that can evolve a chronic hepatitis C.3 Even though that researches are being developed, but there is no absolute vaccine for Hepatitis C. To conclude, Hepatitis C is a viral infection that affect the liver and stop it from...
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...Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper HCS/435 Katherine Rossiter September 12, 2010 Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper This paper will share an opinion of the conflicts that exist between medical research and ethics in the subject matter of patients with mental retardation with medical condition such as hepatitis. In this paper the discussion of patient consent, benefits to patient, society, and medical professionals; therapeutic research; and research outcomes. Also this paper will discuss the potential role of institutional compliance and ethics committees, potential responsibilities of management, and the managerial approach one might have taken if one were in a position of power. When talking about patient consent there is many different types of consent. To name a few types of consent, incapacitated, decision-making capacity, surrogate healthcare decision maker, informed consent, expressed consent, and implied consent. When dealing with incapacitated consent this means that the patient is lacking the ability to make a reasonable medical judgment. In this type of consent there would be a surrogate decision maker appointed. Also in an incapacitated patient that has come in from an accident there would be an implied consent this would mean that the hospital staff would do whatever they had to do to sustain life. Decision-making capacity is one where the patient has full knowledge of what they want to be...
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...Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology Paper Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-0501 Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology Paper Hepatitis B The definition for Hepatitis changes with whom you ask. To some it means a horrible painful way to die while others are able to look at it as a disease. The word Hepatitis means liver inflamation. The liver is a large, glandular, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen. It consists of 5 lobes and secretes bile into the gallbladder and into the small intestine and aids in the digestion of lipids. Hepatitis is often caused by a virus. Hepatitis A, B, and C are the most common types in the United States but there is also a type D, E, and there was thought to be an F but after a thorough investigation they failed to prove its existence. Hepatitis B (HBV) is a liver disease that is contagious. It is believed that approximately 1.2 to 1.4 million people in the United States have chronic Hepatitis many of which are not officially diagnosed. There are two stages or categories of Hepatitis B, chronic and acute. Chronic Hepatitis B is anyone who has had the virus for longer than 6 months ("Hepatitis B," 2010) and at this point it is considered a lifelong illness. The beginning or acute phase of Hepatitis B is the first 6 months of being exposed to the virus. During this first 6 months some people are able to fight the infection off and get rid of it. Symptoms may...
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...CONSUMPTION OF FEU - EAST ASIA COLLEGE STUDENTS ON STREET FOODS IN THE VICINITY OF THE SCHOOL A Research Paper Presented to Ms. Fatima S. Foz Far Eastern University – East Asia College Nicanor Reyes Street, Sampaloc Manila In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course ENGL303 – Modern Communication 1 Arvin Arevalo Vincent Buenagua Michael Pepz Datuin Joshua Ofreneo September 2013 Abstract This study is all about street foods served in the vicinity of FEU – East Asia College most commonly known as the ‘hepa lane’. The proponents of this research will also discuss vital information about street foods present in the ‘hepa lane’. Locations of the stalls present in the area will also be tackled including the factors why students indulge themselves to these kind of foods and also on how frequent does a student from the above-mentioned school visits these long stretch of stalls. The recommendations on how to lessen the number of students eating this kind of foods are stated in the last chapter. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Street food is ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall. Most street foods are also classed as both finger food and fast food, and are cheaper on average than restaurant meals. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_food) In the Philippines, particularly in the R. Papa St., selling of street foods is...
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...Running head: EPIDEMIOLOGY PAPER - HEPATITIS B 1 Epidemiology Paper - Hepatitis B Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-0102 EPIDEMIOLOGY PAPER - HEPATITIS B Epidemiology Paper - Hepatitis B 2 ―Communicable disease‖ means an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host‖ ("CDC," 2010, p. 1). Hepatitis B is one of the communicable diseases which are a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). CAUSES ―Exposure may occur: After a needle stick or sharps injury - Hepatitis B is a concern for health care workers and anyone else who comes in contact with human blood If any blood or other body fluid touches your skin, eyes or mouth People who may be at risk of hepatitis B are those who: Unprotected sex with an infected partner – one may become infected having unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner whose blood, saliva, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body. Receive blood transfusions (not common in the United States) Have contact with blood at work (such as health care workers) Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Get a tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles Share needles during drug use - HBV is easily transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated...
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...Epidemiology Paper Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS 427V Colleen Darrow RN June 28, 2014 Epidemiology Paper “World wide, two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B Virus” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 112) Hepatitis B virus cause liver tissue infections which is life threatening potentially. And both acute and chronic hepatitis B has a profound impact on global health. “More than 240 million people have chronic liver infections, and more than 780,000 people die every year due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B.”("WHO Media Center," 2014) The HBV is transmitted from an infected carrier to the others via contact with blood and other body fluid. Hepatitis B is also a major occupational hazard for health workers. Fortunately the infection can be effectively prevented by safe vaccine. Since 1982, safe Hepatitis B vaccine has been available; the effectiveness of preventing the infection and its long-term consequences has been established. Hepatitis B vaccine is the first vaccine which against a major human cancer. “HBV infection may result in subclinical or asymptomatic infection, acute self-limited hepatitis, or fulminant hepatitis requiring liver transplant.” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 113) The average incubation period is 90 days for a newly infected person who may develop acute hepatitis. The common signs and symptoms for acute hepatitis are nausea...
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...Abstract The infectious disease I chose to write my paper on is Hepatitis B. This infectious disease is irritation and swelling of the liver. This can cause the liver to not function properly. When the liver cannot remove harmful toxins from the blood, fight infection, also help digest food, store important nutrients and vitamins a person is not capable of living without a liver. Hepatitis B What causes Hepatitis B and who may be at risk? Hepatitis B virus are germs that can cause a person to become sick and anyone can get Hepatitis B, however some people are at higher risk. Hepatitis B virus can be spread or infect a person if come into contact with another person’s blood, semen, or other body fluids. (1) Having sex with someone who is infected with the hepatitis virus. One way of becoming infected is through tattoos or piercings; this may happen if you go to someone who does not sterilize their tools after using it on an infected person. One of the environmental factors that may make someone vulnerable to contracting Hepatitis B virus is new born, if a mother is infected with the virus she can pass the virus to her child during childbirth. (2) Some of the risk factors of having Hepatitis b virus infection being infected with HIV virus. How the body responds to the infection will determine how much damage the Hepatitis B has done to body, the virus may lead to liver damage. Treatment for Hepatitis B virus varies from person to person and depends on how...
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