...upon infection of herpes simplex virus, epithelial cells of the genital area and oral mucosa are quickly penetrated by the virus, which replicates quickly in the cells leading to deterioration and without treatment necrosis. The HSV specifically affects sensory nerves in the dorsal route ganglia. HSV remains hidden or dormant in our bodies. If the HSV cells remain dormant, no new viruses are produced (Mandal, 2003). Reappearance of HSV oral sores are known as cold sores, since cold sores appear when carrier has a fever, common cold or upper respiratory tract infection. It is possible to transmit HSV in the absence of symptoms, known as asymptomatic shedding. Individuals may not have symptoms of years. This creates a challenge in the control and prevention HSV infections. Women exposed to HSV during pregnancy, are at a high risk for transmitting infection to newborn during childbirth, since infected fluids...
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...Herpes Virus: Symptoms & Prevention Herpes is a sexually transmitted viral infection, which often produces painful sores, usually in the genital area. Once infected, an individual may carry the virus and be subject to recurrent bouts of infection. Symptoms Symptoms may include: In many cases, blisters are never seen, and the first signs of infection are small erosions of the skin called ulcers. In women, herpes sores or lesions are usually on the external genitals, most commonly on the labia (lips) of the vagina. Primary herpes infections may cause anything from no symptoms to painful sores, sore throat, headache, and muscle pains. Pain when urinating. Malaise Fever Cold sores around the mouth Red blisters - these are generally painful and they soon burst and leave ulcers on the external genital area, thighs, buttocks and rectum. Causes...
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...HERPES ZOSTER Herpes zoster (shingles) is a relatively common neurological disorder. Its estimated annual incidence is 3-4 per 1,000 of the general population. The incidence is significantly higher in older people and immunocompromised subjects (irrespective of their age). Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella zoster virus and, typically, develops many years after the patient had recovered from chickenpox. It is thought that at the time of infection with chickenpox the virus migrates from the skin to the sensory ganglia via the axons of peripheral nerves and remains dormant in the ganglia, usually for many years. Activation of the virus occurs when the subject’s cell immunity is reduced. The activated virus travels along the sensory nerve...
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...Herpes simplex is also known as a cold-sore. A lot of people get these at some point in their life. Some people don’t even know they have it and can pass it to the next person without even knowing. It comes in different forms and shapes. Many people don’t know, but kids can also get them too. Most times they get it from an adult by kissing them or drinking after them. I’m going to tell you how people get herpes simplex, what herpes simplex is, and how to treat it. Herpes simplex is a contagious virus that is passed from person to person with direct contact. HSV-1 is usually on the lip, mouth, or face and is mostly developed as a child. Children will catch HSV-1 from an infected adult. Herpes simplex type 2 is a sexually transmitted disease. Once you contract herpes simplex you will carry the virus for the rest of your life. Some other ways you can pick up herpes simplex virus type 1 is by using the same utensils, sharing lip balm, or kissing an infected person. In a cross-infection with HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause you to get genital herpes on your mouth and oral herpes on your genital. You can also get a finger infection from coming in contact with saliva that is infected with herpes. A mother that is HSV positive may transmit the virus to her baby. Some of the different symptoms you may see when...
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...When taking a look at our ancestors of the past, Neanderthals being the closest in relationship to modern humans,I ask myself the simple question: what was the cause of Neanderthals extinction? Modern scientific technology and the ability to test DNA from our ancient ancestors bones are helping us get closer to explaining this phenomenon. According to Charles Q. Choi, a contributor for Live Science states, “about 1.5 to 2.1 percent of anyone outside Africa is Neanderthal in origin” (Choi, 2014). With roughly 2 percent of Neanderthal DNA in my genetic makeup, it makes sense that modern humans were involved in the extinction of the Neanderthal identity. As stated by many researchers before, neanderthals did not go extinct due to modern humans. New research is proving this claim false. Recently, researchers from the University of Cambridge and Oxford have identified the possibility of diseases are older than what we believed possible. New studies taken from pathogen genomes and DNA of ancient neanderthal bones are showing that diseases were part of neanderthals extinction (Houldcroft, 2016). With neanderthals DNA being similar to modern humans, they were susceptible to pass genes and inherit bad mutations. In the long run these bad mutations caused many problems within their population. Bad mutations are passed between individuals by way of sexual connectivity. With neanderthal DNA being part of...
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...infectious diseases may be transmitted via contact from person to person, or caused by bites from insects or animals (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Signs and symptoms may vary but very often include fever and chills (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The communicable disease chosen for this paper is chickenpox or varicella. Varicella is an infection caused by a virus called varicella zoster virus or VZV (CDC, 2012). The mentioned infection also is well known by herpes zoster and dates to the ancient civilizations; it was reported in 1888 that a relation between herpes zoster and chickenpox was suggested (PubMed, 2000). In 1954, Thomas Weller isolated the VZV virus from the fluids contained in the vesicles of both chickenpox and herpes zoster lesions in cell culture (CDC, 2012). In the 1970 a varicella vaccine was developed in Japan (CDC, 2012). The vaccine was licensed to use in the United States of America in 1995, and the vaccine that helps reduce the risk of herpes zoster was licensed in 2006 (CDC, 2012). VZV is a DNA virus and one of the herpes virus group, VZV persists in the body after the first infection, that results of chickenpox, while herpes zoster is the result of recurrent infection (CDC, 2012). What are the signs of varicella and herpes zoster? Chickenpox infection in most cases lasts about five to ten days; rash is the main characteristic of the disease, other symptoms may be noticed one to two days prior to the appearance of the rash, such as fever, headache, loss of appetite, and general...
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...- Physiology - When lab rats are stressed repeatedly, the amygdala – an almond shaped nub in the center of the brain – enlarges dramatically. This swelling comes at the expense of the hippocampus, which is crucial for learning and memory, and shrinks under sever stress. The main job of the amygdala is to perceive danger and help generate the stress response; it’s the brain area turned on by dark alleys and Hitchcock movies. Unfortunately, a swollen amygdala means that were more likely to notice potential threats in the first place, which means we spend more time in a state of anxiety (snowball effect). The end result is that we become more vulnerable to the very thing that’s killing us. - Chemistry - When people feel stressed, a tiny circuit in the amygdala triggers the release of glucocorticoids, a family of stress hormones that puts the body in a heightened state of alert. The molecules are named after their ability to rapidly increase levels of glucose in the blood, thus providing muscles with a burst of energy. They also shut down all nonessential bodily processes, such as digestion and immune response. This is the body’s way of being efficient with its resources. When you’re being chased by a lion, you don’t want to waste resources on the small intestine. You’ll digest food some other time. You need every ounce of energy to get away and survive. But glucocorticoids have a nasty side effect. When they linger in the bloodstream (as they might due to chronic stress...
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...Sexually transmitted diseases For my research paper I decided to write on sexually transmitted diseases because it seems that we are hearing more and more about them. They are becoming more of a problem in the United States and it is fair to say that they are not going to go a way for a long time, if even at all. Sexually transmitted diseases can change a person’s life and even kill them. If a person wants to be sexually active they must understand the risks that are involved and how they can protect themselves. The first sexually transmitted disease that I want to talk about is chlamydia. Chlamydia, first of all, is a bacteria. The chance of being infected with chlamydia is very high among teenagers and young adults due to sexual activity. Chlamydia is transmitted through sexual contact, mainly vaginal or anal. It also has to be transmitted by someone that has been infected. Many people that have chlamydia do not even know they are infected, because they do not show any symptoms. To be exact, according to Engender Health, “there are about 75% of infected women and half of infected men have no symptoms of chlamydia.” The risk of a person becoming infected is very high if the person is engaging in unsafe sex, having sex with more than one partner, and being in a sexual relationship with someone who has multiple sex partners. To protect yourself and reduce your risk one should use condoms during sex, and limit your number of sex partners. (Engender Health) The symptoms...
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...Ethical Principles Paper According to Oxford University Press (2012), Ethics simple put are “moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior”. In this paper we will discuss the situation of Henrietta Lacks. We will discuss her demographics, as well as provide a summary of the researcher's actions. Lastly, we will discuss what ethical principles in this research that were violated, and any diversity implications that were involved. The Demographics Henrietta Lacks Loretta Pleasant, also known Henrietta Lacks, Hennie and many other names was born August 1, 1920 in Roanoke, Virginia. Henrietta was a poor African American woman who worked as a tobacco farmer and lived with her parents and eight older siblings. Her mother Eliza died from giving birth to her tenth child, all of the siblings were distributed amongst the family. Hennie ended up living on hillside with her grandfather, Tommy Lacks in a four bedroom log cabin with plank floors and gas lanterns. There is where Henrietta gave birth to two children which whom were fathered by her first Cousin David Lacks, which whom she later married. Summary of Researchers Actions Henrietta traveled to John Hopkins Hospital after noticing a lump inside of her cervix and bleeding consistently, there she signed a paper consenting to operation. While she was unconscious, Dr. Lawrence Wharton shaved pieces of Henrietta’s cervix, and kept samples of it in a glass dish without her being aware. The samples of her cervix were given...
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...Epidemiology: Mononucleosis Tina Taber Grand Canyon University: 8 October 2014 Epidemiology is a science that uses quantitative, scientific, and research methods to study the causes of disease, how it is transmitted and preventive measures that can be taken to stop the transmission. Healthcare officials then use the information to help guide the public to optimal health. This paper will take a look at the disease Infectious Mononucleosis and how the community nurse can help fight against it and other infectious diseases. Mononucleosis, also known as the “kissing disease”, is an infectious disease that is mainly found in young adult college students or teen-agers from ages 15-17. Older adults can also get it but it is usually not found in them unless they are immunocompromised. According to the CDC, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can also cause this disease. (CDC, 2014) It is transmitted through the infected person’s salvia, mucous from the nose and throat and sometimes tears, close contact, and sharing drinks and utensils can spread the disease. Mononucleosis can have an incubation period anywhere from 33-49 days, and then symptoms appear around 4-6 weeks. It usually begins slowly with fatigue, a general ill feeling and sore throat. Other symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, muscle aches, and loss of appetite, and possibly a swollen spleen. The treatment for Mononucleosis is usually plenty of...
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...1) In 1973, Bobbette Lacks and Gardenias’ brother in law were meeting in the dining room of Gardenia’s row house in Washington, DC. The two began conversing and soon found out that Gardenia’s brother-in-law worked at the hospital that, unbeknownst to the Lacks family, housed Henrietta’s cells and was using them for cancer experiments. Later in the chapter at Yale University, researchers from Hopkins meet and discussed a contamination problem that manifested with the Henrietta Lacks Cells “HeLa,” Their solution is to ask the Lacks family for DNA/ cell samples to create and map of Hela cells. The lacks family is unaware that research has been ongoing with Henrietta’s cells and the only reason they need the family’s cells is to stop the cross...
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...Caring for Populations Milestone 2 Chamberlain College of Nursing NR443: Community Health Nursing 01/29/2016 Caring for Populations Milestone 2 The prosperity of a community stems from its dynamics which include health, safety, business, and social integration. The community that I would like to discuss is the Briarwood neighborhood from Queens, New York. This community flourishes as an urban setting but still expresses its connection to mother nature with its very own botanical gardens and public parks. The parks provide not only recreational activities for the community but a moment of serenity from the everyday ruckus of the urban lifestyle. I will be assessing the community based on the demographic and epidemiological data that is gathered from the United States Census Bureau. Community Overview Briarwood, Queens is located in New York state and has an urban environment. It is well populated with small businesses, banks, restaurants, and medical facilities. There are numerous educational facilities such as: private and public schools, and public libraries. The neighborhood has a well-established public commuting service run by the MTA (Metropolitan Transit Authority); residents have access to the subway, as well as busses. The community is diverse in culture and race, with residents from many different regions of the world. The residential area of Briarwood is comprised of building complexes, as well as private housing units. Overall, the Briarwood community is...
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...Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V 11/23/13 “In 1895 varicella infection (chickenpox) was not reliably distinguished from smallpox until the end of the 19th century. The first vaccine to reduce the risk of herpes zoster was licensed in May 2006.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013) Chickenpox is a highly infectious childhood disease. Varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox, and also shingles. When infected with chickenpox the most well-known symptom are the skin lesions present that appear on the torso then spreading to the rest of the body in rapidly, can take a couple of hours. The skin lesions that are present occur in the stages of macule, vesicle, and granular scabs, the size varies from one to four mm. It only takes a few hours for the first step, macule lesions to spread from the torso which is where the most of the fluid filled vesicles are seen, then to the rest of the body such as the mucous membranes, arms, legs, mouth, head, upper respiratory tract, vaginal/penis areas, and even the conjunctivae/ cornea. The vesicle stage of chickenpox happens when the lesions which resemble blisters can appear raised or depressed in appearance, and the third stage occurs when the blisters open, then dry and become scabs. Approximately by the third day of having chickenpox it is common to see all three of the different stages of vesicles at the same time. The skin lesions commonly two hundred to five hundred are referred to as one crop, with chicken pox...
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...Medical Use of Honey Bee Products Apitherapy is the use of honey bee products in treating illnesses and diseases. Apis means “bee” while “therapy” is a treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder. The different products derived from the beehive which can be used in apitherapy are: honey, pollen, propolis, venom, wax and royal jelly. Being from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, we all have been exposed to honey bees and their products in unique ways. Despite our differences, collectively, we share great interest in the application of honey, bee venom (BV) and propolis in contemporary medicinal practices. In the following paragraphs each member shares their personal exposure with bees and why they have an interest in the medicinal use of BV. Mai As a young boy, my father intentionally interfered with bees in order to get stung. Now, being an adult, he is immune to bee stings, showing no signs of inflammation after a bee sting. The first time I got stung by a bee I was 7 years old. It hurt so badly and one thing was sure: “I would not walk in my father’s footsteps, when it comes to the subject bee stings.” In university, a classmate mentioned that BV contains certain chemicals which are beneficial to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Although my first experience was unpleasant, I started to believe that bees can be useful. Good story: it reveals the sources of your curiosities and it draws out social issues. Morayo “They sting! Keep away!” this was my...
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...Table of Contents Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Outline Page #1 3 Outline Page #2 4 Research Paper, page #1 5 Research Paper, page #2 6 Research Paper, page #3 7 Works Cited 8 Outline THESIS: JJ Giving birth under water is good for the baby and the mom because it is less painful, THESIS: JJJstressful and it is a good and relaxing atmosphere for the baby to be born in. I. A water birth is, as the name implies, giving birth in water. The idea is that the JJJJJJJJJJJJJJwarm water replicates the feeling of the baby throughout the nine months of JJJJJJJJJJJJJJpregnancy. ...
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