...Grading Systems at the Secondary Level, p.1 Running Head: GRADING SYSTEMS AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL Investigating the Consistency of Grading Systems at the Secondary Level Lindsay Mollo December 1, 2008 Educational Leadership, Course 608 Clinical Projects in Educational Leadership Professor Barbara Miller Grading Systems at the Secondary Level, p.2 Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................3 Introduction..............................................................................................4 Review of Literature.................................................................................7 Problem Statement and Action Research Questions ................................14 Design and Methods ...............................................................................18 Data Analysis .........................................................................................21 Action Plan.............................................................................................25 Appendix A ............................................................................................30 References ..............................................................................................31 Grading Systems at the Secondary Level, p.3 Abstract Educators employ grading systems to assess and to evaluate the knowledge students have gained from a lesson, unit, or course of instruction. The...
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...their average grade from 1st grading to 3rd grading period of the Grade-7 students in Sta. Fe National High School from the school they have attended on Grade-6. This study was clearly investigated and computed by the researchers. The researchers conducted this study to determine if there is a significant difference in the average grade of the Grade-7 students on Sta. Fe National High School from the three grading periods according to the school they have attended while they are on Grade-6. In studying also this kind of research, researchers can determine if what elementary school produced a good Grade-7 students on Sta. Fe National High School based on the performance and on the average grade from the three grading periods. Methodology The study was done in Sta. Fe National High School. The respondents were the grade 7 students where in the researchers group it in to three groups according to what elementary school they have graduated based on the selected schools. The researchers used the Lottery Sampling Method in order not to be biased. The researcher used the formula N= N to find the required sample where N is the total population which 1+ Ne2 is 89,e is the sampling error which is 0.05 and the researcher come up with the required sample of 83. The researcher gathered the data by collecting the list of the names that graduated on the particular school. And collected their total average grade from the three grading periods to their respectively...
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...At every school in America, there are students that go to school and work their hardest each and every day. They take the hardest classes and challenge themselves more than anyone in their school. At most schools these students are rewarded for deciding to take the difficult route and challenging themselves by means of a weighted GPA. However, there are also students like this who go to schools that do not have a weighted GPA, and the difficult classes they take weigh the same as a general level class. This is why state governments should introduce a statewide high school GPA, so that equality is provided to every student, especially when it comes to applying to college. Applying to college is important and a statewide GPA scale would positively affect this because, “Honors and advanced-placement classes and also can positively affect an admissions decision” (Weaver 1) and with this said GPA system each student would have the same opportunity as those who go to a different schools across the state. Grading systems have been around since the very beginning of schooling. Instructors needed some way to rank their students so they had an idea of how their teaching was affecting them.“In essence, grading is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of teachers. It involves the collection and evaluation of evidence on students' achievement or performance over a specified period of time, such as nine weeks, an academic semester, or entire school year” (Guskey 2). In the beginning...
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...Secondary Schools Name: Course: Institution: Tutor: Date: Introduction 1 to 5 grading scale is a new grading scale that has been introduced in different parts of the world. However, the introduction of this method of grading has introduced a controversy of its usefulness in encouraging student to learn. According to Celia (2013), the grading scale is one of the problems affecting students across different school and different nations in the world. The New Hampshire Department of Education has supervised a state-owned effort to move towards competencies, in which the proponents of this grading strategy have indicated that it is connected to what student can do, and not what student know. According to Bangor Kortum, and Miller (2009), this method of grading attempts to measure and promotes certain areas such as an ability to go along with others and self management. An accreditation body in the United States urged the New England schools to move away from tradition method of accreditation and move towards accepting the new competency based grading. 5-to-1 grading ranges from 1 which stands for students who show no grasp of particular competency. As every grading system has advantages and its disadvantages, this essay focuses of the weakness of 1-5 grading system over 1-6 or A-F grading system (Ozga, 2009). Evaluation of pupils at Primary and Secondary Schools 1-5 grading scale system 1-5 grading scale is the current grading scale used in primary and secondary schools. As...
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...Grading Systems - SCHOOL, HIGHER EDUCATION Tweet students grades teachers learning ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search All U.S. Universities Bottom of Form ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form SCHOOL Thomas R. Guskey HIGHER EDUCATION Howard R. Pollio SCHOOL Few issues have created more controversy among educators than those associated with grading and reporting student learning. Despite the many debates and multitudes of studies, however, prescriptions for best practice remain elusive. Although teachers generally try to develop grading policies that are honest and fair, strong evidence shows that their practices vary widely, even among those who teach at the same grade level within the same school. In essence, grading is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of teachers. It involves the collection and evaluation of evidence on students' achievement or performance over a specified period of time, such as nine weeks, an academic semester, or entire school year. Through this process, various types of descriptive information and measures of students' performance are converted into grades or marks that summarize students' accomplishments. Although some educators distinguish between grades and marks, most consider these terms synonymous. Both imply a set of symbols, words, or numbers that are used to designate different levels of achievement or performance. They might be letter grades such as A...
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...information, the result of computer processing. Every type of job relies upon getting information, using it, managing it, and relaying information to others. Computers enable the efficient processing and storage of information (Ching, 2013). A grading system plays a key role in the management system of any school. But, such systems do not often relate expectations, outcomes, and performance. Each of student desires to achieve a good score for each assignment, exam, project and report, the whole process adds heavy workload for teachers in order to make their evaluation fair, comprehensive, and accurate. Grading system are designed to provide incentives for achievement and assist in identifying problem areas of a student. It is the most commonly used means of analyzing student performance, talents, and skills. Student’s grades are vital information needed in advancing to the next grade/year level its accuracy is very important (Barreno, 2014). The purpose of this study is to reduce the workload of the teachers by eliminating the manual computation and recording of the grades of the student. The common problems encountered in manual computations are errors in file-handling and redundancy. Furthermore, this study aims to produce a workable - grading system that will address these issues. 1.1 Background of the Study Technology has a really big part of our lives. In today’s generation, almost everyone depends on technology that we are using like computers, cellphone, fax machines...
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...responsibility of developing technologically literate people (Bitter & Legacy, 2008). Both systemic reform and curriculum cannot be achieved without the aid of technology (Fletcher & Wolf, 2007). Grading and reporting are relatively recent phenomena in education. In fact, prior to 1850, grading and reporting were virtually unknown in schools in the United States. Throughout much of the nineteenth century most schools grouped students of all ages and backgrounds together with one teacher in one-room schoolhouses, and few students went beyond elementary studies. The teacher reported students' learning progress orally to parents, usually during visits to students' homes (Guskey). Students are evaluated on academic progress and on quality of citizenship. Report cards are issued every marking period and will be supplemented by interim reports at the mid-point of each marking period. In evaluating the performance of pupils in a given subject area, teachers take into account both oral and written work. In addition, a student evaluation includes unit and/or activity tests, daily written/oral work, homework, projects and/or outside assignments, and final semester examinations in specified courses. (www.sbo.nn.k12.va.us) The aim of the study is to confirm the grading system suitable to accurately provide the student’s academic performance. It also aims to identify the advantages of incorporating a computer program for grade computation. Finally, this study aims to measure...
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...Analysis of Students’ Performance in Junior Secondary School Mathematics Examination in Bayelsa State of Nigeria The finding of this study showed that students’ performance in 2006 JSS Mathematics test was high. Comparing the hypothetical pass mark of 20.00 with the students’ mean score of 28.59 this indicated that the students performed very well. This result is in agreement with Linn (1965), Anderson (1942) and Akpan (1989) who reported that if an examiner has a favourable attitude towards a particular subject, then this will reflect in his performance in that subject. This is to say that since mathematics has been made compulsory and a pre-requisite for admission into the senior secondary, hence the students have developed a favourable attitude towards the subject resulting in their high performance. On whether performance is influenced by sex, the result showed that male students obtained higher mean score than the females with the calculated t-value significant. This result is in line with those of Fememe and Sherman (1977), Grambs (1972), Comber and Keeves (1973), Tyler (1961), Fin et al. (1979) and Maccoby and Jacklin (1975) who all observed that in nearly all cases reported, males outscored females in mathematics tests. On whether the location of a school influences performance in mathematics tests, the result showed that students from rural schools against all odds performed higher than those from urban schools. Though this result is supported by those of Simmelkjaer...
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...the first regular school be established in Bahrain, It's was established in 1919. The education in Bahrain was limited to education in koranic schools who are studying the Koran. However, Al Hedaya Alkhalifia was limited to the teaching the children of rich people and the owners of the important centers in the country and then become the public from the people. It's a doubted by the ministry of education in Bahrain. as the time go the school has improved it teaching system and the activates to make the studying more effective for the student and now this school have been secondary school for boys in Moharraq. 2. Company's Current Situation Now, the school is using a manual grading system in which they are using papers, files, cards and calculators to calculate the marks of each student. This type of grading is very difficult and take along time in calculating the grad of each student, and the school spends money every year for papers files and other things, as well as there is big ability for losing or damaging the document. 3. Purpose of the Study I choose this type of grading system because it's much easier and to reduce many things such as: • reducing the cost • reducing the time that teachers spends in calculating grads • reducing the ability for losing or damaging the documents • to make it secure that only teachers can enter the system 4. Objectives of the study General objectives: Develop a computerized grading system for Al Hedaya...
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...time divided by the total number of credits taken.[1] The GPA can be used by potential employers or further post-secondary institutions to assess and compare applicants. A Cumulative Grade Point Average is a calculation of the average of all of a student's grades for all semesters and courses completed up to a given academic term,[2][3][4] whereas the GPA may only refer to one term. Keith Hoskin argues that the concept of grading students' work quantitatively was developed by a tutor named William Farish and first implemented by the University of Cambridge in 1792.[5] Hoskin's assertion has been questioned by Christopher Stray, who finds the evidence for Farish as the inventor of the numerical mark to be unpersuasive.[6] Stray's article elucidates the complex relationship between the mode of examination (testing), in this case oral or written, and the varying philosophies of education these modes imply, both to teacher and student. As a technology, grading both shapes and reflects many fundamental areas of educational theory and practice Until high school, an averaged percentage is provided. A percentage over 80 is considered excellent; between 60-80 is considered to be 'first division'; between 40-60 is considered to be 'second division', though these terminologies and classifications depend on the...
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...of eliminating the grading system at this institution. For many college students, grades are everything. Grades are a driving force of late nights, continuous hours spent in the library, a cluttered desk, and pen marks on the sides of hands. A grade is the deciding factor on how much money that student should pay for their education based on scholarships, if that student should continue participation in activity they are passionate about, or for some, if their education can even continue. It is also the source of millions of students, no matter the grade level stress and anxiety. It is now up to...
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...A Satire on High School Education Every student’s goal throughout their high school career is to be the worst student possible. The teachers and parents don’t have any effect on the education a child receives nor do they wish for the child to succeed in school. A High School is the most perfect environment for students to gain an education and everything is exactly as everyone says. The grading system, the curriculum, and the students eagerness to gain an education is not flawed what-so-ever. High School is a place where students are being looked after, taken care of, and bullying does not exist. The first reason as to why high school is the greatest place on earth is obviously how the teacher teaches. Every single class has that one group of students that the teacher truly admires. In Fact, the...
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...Computers: Grading By JOHN MARKOFF Published: April 4, 2013 Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade. EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks. The new service will bring the educational consortium into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread endorsement by educators and has many critics. Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful pedagogical tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer...
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...Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements of varying levels of achievement in a course. Grades can be assigned as letters (generally A-F), as a range (for example 1 to 6), as a percentage of a total number of questions answered correctly, or as a number out of a possible total (for example out of 20 or 100). In some countries, all grades from all current classes are averaged to create a grade point average (GPA) for the marking period. The GPA is calculated by taking the number of grade points a student earned in a given period of time of middle school through high school.[1] The GPA can be used by potential employers or educational institutions to assess and compare applicants. A Cumulative Grade Point Average is a calculation of the average of all of a student's grades for all of his or her complete education career. In the IBDP (International Baccalaureate Diploma Program), which covers the final two years of high school, as well at the associated MYP (Middle Years Program) grades are given on a scale of 1-7, with 7 representing the highest level of achievement. Scores are always represented with whole numbers (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7 are the only possible grades). Because these grades do not represent percentages, but instead correspond with specific rubric requirements, one could theoretically answer 90% of questions on a given exam correctly, but still get a 5 if the 10% they missed represented crucial problems that corresponded...
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...Latoya Alexander Business Problem Solving Case Chapter 11 11-14 – I don’t think automated grading is very intelligent although it is an easier way for teachers to grade essays. Automated grading can only go so far it can correct spelling and grammar I prefer an essay paper physically graded by a teacher not only does it tell me what I did wrong but what I need to do better on the next essay. 11-15 – Automated essay grading can be more effective for some grade levels but not all of them. It can great tool for elementary and high school students because not only does it tell them what mistakes they made but it prepares them to complete college essays because by the time they reach college they should know how to write a proper essay or paper. 11-16 – The benefits of automated grading include spelling and grammar checks. The drawbacks is having the satisfaction of having you paper graded by a real person who can give a student tips on what they need to do better to obtain a better grade on the next essay. 11-17 – I think the main people and organizations that would greatly benefit will be teacher that is teaching a class with a large number of students and students in elementary and high school. 11-18 – I would be very suspicious of a low grade I received on a paper graded by AES software because the software could be flawed and not grade my paper properly I would prefer and human grader over a computer....
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