...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition, Nightingale’s...
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...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In order to fully study the historical development of nursing we need to study all aspects of nursing science throughout time, explain the relationships between nursing science and our profession, as well as influences of other disciplines on the development of nursing. Time Line Specific Years, Theories, Theorists, and Nursing Historical Events Prior to the 17th century. Prior to the 17th century to the 19th century, nursing care included basic hygiene, and primarily comfort needs. These were carried out by Nuns, and other religious groups (Craven & Hirnle, 2003). Nursing could possibly be the oldest profession. It started with wet nurses, who delivered babies, cared for them and their mothers (Weatherford, 2014). 19th century. Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory. During the Crimean War she noticed more soldiers died of disease then of battlefield injuries. Through research she believed that dirt, and lack of cleanliness led to diseases. She instituted...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Blesilda Galsim NUR/513 March 6, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D.,R.N. Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Introduction The evolution of nursing as a profession had showed through time that it is both an art and science. Before the 19th century, the military and religious orders are the ones who perform the duties of how nurses work today. As time went by, different events throughout history such as wars and epidemics had shaped nursing to its present organization. Nowadays, nursing is pushing further towards the future in improving itself as a profession for better care and service to the community. The objective of this paper is to discuss the historical development of nursing timeline, relationship of nursing science on the profession and influences nursing science has on other disciplines. Historical Development Nursing as an organized discipline, made its first significant impact during the Crimean War in 1853. Florence Nightingale considered as the founder of nursing, created the initial model on nursing science. Her theory became the initial foundation and cornerstone in nursing. Her main goal is on changing the environment to facilitate care, nourishment, and recovery. Her views suggested that nursing is about not only giving medicines and about treatment, but environmental factors are also vital in directly affecting one’s health status. In 1952, Hildegard Peplau described...
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...Introduction When one thinks about the historical developments in nursing research and research utilization, the statement is indeed true… that nursing has evolutionalized. This brief journey into historical research has been described by LoBiondo – Wood and Haber (1998) as ‘the systematic compilation of data, resulting from evaluation and interpretation of facts regarding people, events and occurrences of the past’ History is where we come from, who we are, and where we are going. History may not always repeat itself exactly, but knowledge of history can serve as a guide to avoiding pitfalls or mistakes similar to those in the past (Rees and Howell, 1999) Developments covered will include the work of Florence Nightingale, the development of the Nursing Science Journal and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the identification and development of the first nursing diagnosis conference and the development of the Healthy People 2010. Florence Nightingale is best known as the person who founded modern nursing. She chose nursing despite the disapproval of her family. Her choice to rebel against the traditional woman’s role as a wife and mother helped her as she started her initial research role by focusing on the patient’s physical and mental wellbeing and promoting a healthy environment. She is noted for her collection and analysis of soldier morbidity and mortality data during the Crimean War. The research enabled her to change the attitudes of the military and...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeli ne Explain the historical development of nursing science by citing specific years, theories, theorist, and event in the history of nursing. 3 POINTS While it is known that the art of nursing has been around for thousands of years, the development of nursing as a science has not. The development of Nursing into a Science was driven by people believed in social reform. Nurses knew that they were providing duties that held the standards of professionalism. Nurses developed a concept that nursing practice should be based on which is person, health, environment and nurse. Next nurses developed the nursing process to guide nurses in practice. felt as though there were providing nurses who created theory from practice. Nurses who used their experience to solve problems in nursing practice. In the early mid twentieth century, around 1850 nurses decided to be recognized as a profession. To become a profession nurses had to be able to derive their knowledge base from science and learning. Nurses needed to express their ideas about the essence of their practice by developing a body of knowledge. Having a body of knowledge provided nursing with credibility from the medicine community. Credibility also provided nurses with trust from Medicine. In the early twentieth century femime values were low. Nurses wanted to define their practice. Nursing understood that their practice was unique and required research to support their theory. In...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Science Tracy Thompson University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Mary Nicks December 07, 2012 Historical Development of Nursing Science The historical development of nursing may be traced back to Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale is known as the first nurse theorist, (George, 2011). Nightingale’s theory focused “on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient,” (George, 2011, p. 9). Nightingale’s theory or philosophy differentiated nurses from household servants, started the difference between nursing and medicine, and created the concern that nurses be involved with the health and wellness of the patient, (Alligood, 2010). Nightingale was also one of the first theorists to treat the patient as a whole being, (Alligood, 2010). “Nightingale believed nursing to be a spiritual calling,” (Alligood, 2010, p. 99). Many years of trials and tribulations have been encountered in nursing before it became a profession. There are many theories and theorists that have led to nursing to the profession it is today. Following is a timeline of some of the more important theorists’ and their theories and philosophies. 1952 Hildegard Peplau – “Interpersonal Relations in Nursing,” ("Theory of Interpersonal Relationships...
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...Nursing Theory Historical Timeline Nursing theory has changed greatly over the years. That change occurred because of advancement in education and technology, which advanced nursing theories. These theories are what shapes the clinical practice and critical thinking process of nurses today. All of the theories available today started with one woman – Florence Nightingale. 1859 – Florence Nightingale established the first nursing theory which provides the basis of nursing today. Nightingale identified nursing as an art and a science. According to Selanders (2010), “Nightingale provides the profession with the expectation that nursing will be practiced by educated individuals using current research and methods (science) as well as compassion and common logic (art).” 1943 – Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs. This theory focuses on people’s basic need to survive as the foundation. Each level above that deals with the other essential elements of survival. Using this theory in nursing provides health care workers with the ability to prioritize patient care needs (Preceden, 2014). 1950’s – In this decade, the need for nursing administrators, faculty members, and graduate level educated nurses was acknowledged. In 1952, a nurse theorist named Peplau, launched the first post baccalaureate nursing program and also developed the Theory of Interpersonal Relations. This theory explored the relationship between nurse and patient. Theorists from this decade based their knowledge...
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...The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Alexandra Winter December 7, 2013 The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The nursing profession continues to develop and transform in practice and roles mostly due to the development of nursing models and theories that promote evidence based practice. Nursing remains a profession of caring and service. The pioneers of this profession revolutionized this career and have allowed nursing to evolve while concurrently finding ways to provide better care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. In the middle ages, nurses who were affiliated with religious organizations, and they managed hospitals. In the 18th and 19th centuries, nursing expanded to include caring for soldiers wounded in war. The Civil War laid the foundation for a professional nurse. Their work changed the public's opinion about women in health care. Avant and Walker state that, “… during the mid-twentieth century and the years that followed, nursing leaders in the United States saw theory development as a means of firmly establishing nursing as a profession, and not just a task-oriented occupation with little autonomy” (Walker & Avant, 2011, Chapter 1). The historical development of nursing can best be explained using a timeline. Grand Theories – Broad Scope, General Concept...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Abstract This paper discusses a timeline of the development of nursing science history starting with Florence Nightingale to present times. Significant historical events to include dates which have enhanced the field of nursing will be discussed. Relationship between nursing science and the profession will be discussed. Influence on nursing science of other disciplines, such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, the social sciences, and psychology will also be included. Florence Nightingale and Nursing Timeline Florence Nightingale worked to improve the conditions of soldiers in the Crimean War (1854), and is known for laying the foundation for professional. Statistical charts and graphs were utilized by Florence Nightingale for the support of her theory as the first nursing theory. For example, her theory related to a positive, clean environment. In 1859, Florence Nightingale published a small book called Notes on Nursing, relating to how to take care of babies (Florence Nightingale). Florence Nightingale was responsible for providing a new image for female nurses as a profession. She opened the Nightingale School of Nursing, the first formal nurse training program. For example, the Nightingale Training School was opened in 1860, and modern nursing was created (Florence Nightingale). She also reformed midwife practices and established a health visitor service in Britain. Timeline: 1860- Florence Nightingale: Manipulating...
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...Introduction As we glance at the evolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when applied to our practice. Evidenced based practice is therefore a deliberate, intellectual activity by which the practice of nursing is approached in an orderly, systematic manner also known as the nursing process (Walker & Avant, 2011). Historical Timeline Theories are concepts that have been investigated and developed into theory to guide and explain nursing practice. Florence Nightingale was known as the pioneer of nursing theory, the first nursing theory that focuses on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient which has directed nursing practice for 140 years (George, 20011). Nightingale’s theory is based upon the belief that the force for healing resides within the human being and that, if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves. Her 13 canons indicate the areas of environment of concern to nursing including ventilation, warming, health of houses , taking food, bedding, light, cleanliness of rooms and walls...
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...Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The purpose of this paper is to explain the historical development of nursing science by presenting different theorists and their theories with explicit events and years in the history of nursing, and inform on the affinity between the profession and nursing science. This paper also includes the importance of nursing science of other disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, education, philosophy, religion and the social science. The history of professional nursing starts with Florence Nightingale, who is considered the mother of nursing science. Nightingale placed emphasis on good nutrition and hygiene, efficiency of this practice had a positive impact when this method reduced the spread of infections and made a huge difference in the survival rate of soldiers in the Crimean war in the mid -1850s. In 1859, she published her famous nursing notes “What is and what is not” Although Nightingale wrote this book with the intention to give clues to those taking care of the health of others; ("Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War," 2008) it turned out to be a great educational and role model method which is clinically used to present. And it is a great example of evidence- based practice. In 1860 in London the school of Nightingale was opened, and the American Red Cross was founded by Clara Barton in 1881 ("Nursing Theory Definition”) Abraham Maslow proposed the theory...
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...Historical Perspective Essay 518 University of Phoenix December 16, 2012 Historical Perspective Essay The theory of adaption model developed over 40 years ago by nursing theorist Castilla Roy, is used in many fields of nursing especially areas of humanities and human science. Nursing theory provides the structural framework necessary for practice, and helps to further nursing knowledge providing an understanding of the scientific process, and the nurse’s role in the health care setting (Colley, 2003). According to Shosha and Kaladeh (2012) Roy’s model provided the nursing profession with a framework to help further model-based research with a methodological soundness not yet known to the profession. This short essay will explain why I believe that Roy’s early model of adaption has contributed to research and nursing development more than other theorists of her time and significantly helped to shaped nursing practice and the profession. Contribution to Research and Nursing Development From a historical perspective Roy’s Adaption Model (RAM) is one of the most useful conceptual frameworks backed by years of research that has guided nursing practice. According to Fawcett (2005) Roy’s model has provided the foundation for the survival of nursing practice and is used globally to further nursing research, practice, and education. RAM has helped to link the concept of the human element of response to stress and adaptation— that is an intricate part of...
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...Nursing Science INTRODUCTION Short Overview of History of Nursing Education Nurse education expands to empirical and theoretical frameworks introduced to future nurses and aimed at preparing them for completing tasks in a nursing care unit. The education is also introduced to nursing students by professional nurses and other medical experts who have been taught to accomplish a range of educational tasks. Previously, prior to the development of the theoretical foundations proposed by Florence Nightingale, nursing was considered purely from a medical viewpoint, which involved medical intervention and treatment. Further investigations and development of nursing education has been largely influenced by other disciplines, including ethics, morale, and philosophy which teaches future nurse to perceive persons not only as patients with certain disorders, but as holistic beings whose concerns also depend on their social, cultural, and political backgrounds. Contemporary arrangements also focus on the development of the balance between practical implications and theoretical foundation to shape a new patient-centered vision on nursing and health care. Purpose Statement The main purpose of this paper is to trace the shifts in nursing education, starting from the development of Nightingale’s model and focusing on the present underpinnings and alterations in nurses’ training. Florence Nightingale Concepts and Frameworks With the advent of Nightingale’s concepts in nursing, a rigid...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The 19th century marked the beginning of professional nursing. Florence Nightingale was the legend behind it as she began the struggle of nurses being recognized as professionals. It is hard to believe that nurses were once assigned to the job as a sentence for crimes committed or for the women who were too old or sick to hold conventional jobs. Nightingale’s focus included infection control, documentation, patient safety, confidentiality, and evidence based practice, which seems common place today, but was very forward thinking for that period. The era of Florence Nightingale is just the beginning of the timeline of significant events and theoretical development that shaped the evolution of modern nursing and nursing science. Timeline 19th century | * 1836: Kiaserworth Deaconess Institute opens the first recorded school of nursing in Germany. * 1850: Florence Nightingale attends Kaiserworth for three months of training. * 1854: Florence Nightingale was nicknamed the ‘lady with the lamp’ by the soldiers during the Crimean war. This period is where she developed the foundation for evidence based practice. * 1860: The Nightingale school of nursing was established and incorporated theory as well as clinical experiences. She was the first nursing theorist. * 1861: Dorthea Dix is chosen as the first superintendent of the United States Army nurses. * 1874 The University of...
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