...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition, Nightingale’s...
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...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In order to fully study the historical development of nursing we need to study all aspects of nursing science throughout time, explain the relationships between nursing science and our profession, as well as influences of other disciplines on the development of nursing. Time Line Specific Years, Theories, Theorists, and Nursing Historical Events Prior to the 17th century. Prior to the 17th century to the 19th century, nursing care included basic hygiene, and primarily comfort needs. These were carried out by Nuns, and other religious groups (Craven & Hirnle, 2003). Nursing could possibly be the oldest profession. It started with wet nurses, who delivered babies, cared for them and their mothers (Weatherford, 2014). 19th century. Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory. During the Crimean War she noticed more soldiers died of disease then of battlefield injuries. Through research she believed that dirt, and lack of cleanliness led to diseases. She instituted...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Blesilda Galsim NUR/513 March 6, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D.,R.N. Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Introduction The evolution of nursing as a profession had showed through time that it is both an art and science. Before the 19th century, the military and religious orders are the ones who perform the duties of how nurses work today. As time went by, different events throughout history such as wars and epidemics had shaped nursing to its present organization. Nowadays, nursing is pushing further towards the future in improving itself as a profession for better care and service to the community. The objective of this paper is to discuss the historical development of nursing timeline, relationship of nursing science on the profession and influences nursing science has on other disciplines. Historical Development Nursing as an organized discipline, made its first significant impact during the Crimean War in 1853. Florence Nightingale considered as the founder of nursing, created the initial model on nursing science. Her theory became the initial foundation and cornerstone in nursing. Her main goal is on changing the environment to facilitate care, nourishment, and recovery. Her views suggested that nursing is about not only giving medicines and about treatment, but environmental factors are also vital in directly affecting one’s health status. In 1952, Hildegard Peplau described...
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...* * Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper * Stacey Simmons * NUR/513 * February 3, 2014 Rebecca Gesler Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper The historical development of nursing science began with Florence Nightingale’s influential Notes on Nursing. The science of nursing has grown and developed into an academically sound and proven study of nursing care. In the 150 years following Florence Nightingale’s innovative approach to nursing care, many influential nursing theorists have emerged. This paper will discuss the Florence Nightingale, the pioneer theorists from the 1950’s, the transitional theorists from the 1960’s, and the research theorists from the 1990’s. The Historical Development of Nursing Science and Theory Nursing science and theory began with Florence Nightengale’s Notes on Nursing. Florence Nightingale is remembered for building the foundations of modern nursing establishing nursing as a profession. “Her book, Notes on Nursing (Nightingale 1859) first published in 1859, was the first nursing text book. She wrote the first modern nursing curriculum for St Thomas's Hospital, London when she instituted nurse education there in 1860 and followed these with a number of other books, reports and pamphlets. (Stanley, D., 2007). However, it would be decades before her insights, observations and educational model would be acknowledged as the first nursing theory. In the 1950’s...
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...Nursing Theory Historical Timeline Nursing theory has changed greatly over the years. That change occurred because of advancement in education and technology, which advanced nursing theories. These theories are what shapes the clinical practice and critical thinking process of nurses today. All of the theories available today started with one woman – Florence Nightingale. 1859 – Florence Nightingale established the first nursing theory which provides the basis of nursing today. Nightingale identified nursing as an art and a science. According to Selanders (2010), “Nightingale provides the profession with the expectation that nursing will be practiced by educated individuals using current research and methods (science) as well as compassion and common logic (art).” 1943 – Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs. This theory focuses on people’s basic need to survive as the foundation. Each level above that deals with the other essential elements of survival. Using this theory in nursing provides health care workers with the ability to prioritize patient care needs (Preceden, 2014). 1950’s – In this decade, the need for nursing administrators, faculty members, and graduate level educated nurses was acknowledged. In 1952, a nurse theorist named Peplau, launched the first post baccalaureate nursing program and also developed the Theory of Interpersonal Relations. This theory explored the relationship between nurse and patient. Theorists from this decade based their knowledge...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeli ne Explain the historical development of nursing science by citing specific years, theories, theorist, and event in the history of nursing. 3 POINTS While it is known that the art of nursing has been around for thousands of years, the development of nursing as a science has not. The development of Nursing into a Science was driven by people believed in social reform. Nurses knew that they were providing duties that held the standards of professionalism. Nurses developed a concept that nursing practice should be based on which is person, health, environment and nurse. Next nurses developed the nursing process to guide nurses in practice. felt as though there were providing nurses who created theory from practice. Nurses who used their experience to solve problems in nursing practice. In the early mid twentieth century, around 1850 nurses decided to be recognized as a profession. To become a profession nurses had to be able to derive their knowledge base from science and learning. Nurses needed to express their ideas about the essence of their practice by developing a body of knowledge. Having a body of knowledge provided nursing with credibility from the medicine community. Credibility also provided nurses with trust from Medicine. In the early twentieth century femime values were low. Nurses wanted to define their practice. Nursing understood that their practice was unique and required research to support their theory. In...
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...The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Alexandra Winter December 7, 2013 The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The nursing profession continues to develop and transform in practice and roles mostly due to the development of nursing models and theories that promote evidence based practice. Nursing remains a profession of caring and service. The pioneers of this profession revolutionized this career and have allowed nursing to evolve while concurrently finding ways to provide better care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. In the middle ages, nurses who were affiliated with religious organizations, and they managed hospitals. In the 18th and 19th centuries, nursing expanded to include caring for soldiers wounded in war. The Civil War laid the foundation for a professional nurse. Their work changed the public's opinion about women in health care. Avant and Walker state that, “… during the mid-twentieth century and the years that followed, nursing leaders in the United States saw theory development as a means of firmly establishing nursing as a profession, and not just a task-oriented occupation with little autonomy” (Walker & Avant, 2011, Chapter 1). The historical development of nursing can best be explained using a timeline. Grand Theories – Broad Scope, General Concept...
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...Introduction When one thinks about the historical developments in nursing research and research utilization, the statement is indeed true… that nursing has evolutionalized. This brief journey into historical research has been described by LoBiondo – Wood and Haber (1998) as ‘the systematic compilation of data, resulting from evaluation and interpretation of facts regarding people, events and occurrences of the past’ History is where we come from, who we are, and where we are going. History may not always repeat itself exactly, but knowledge of history can serve as a guide to avoiding pitfalls or mistakes similar to those in the past (Rees and Howell, 1999) Developments covered will include the work of Florence Nightingale, the development of the Nursing Science Journal and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the identification and development of the first nursing diagnosis conference and the development of the Healthy People 2010. Florence Nightingale is best known as the person who founded modern nursing. She chose nursing despite the disapproval of her family. Her choice to rebel against the traditional woman’s role as a wife and mother helped her as she started her initial research role by focusing on the patient’s physical and mental wellbeing and promoting a healthy environment. She is noted for her collection and analysis of soldier morbidity and mortality data during the Crimean War. The research enabled her to change the attitudes of the military and...
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...Historical Perspective Essay 518 University of Phoenix December 16, 2012 Historical Perspective Essay The theory of adaption model developed over 40 years ago by nursing theorist Castilla Roy, is used in many fields of nursing especially areas of humanities and human science. Nursing theory provides the structural framework necessary for practice, and helps to further nursing knowledge providing an understanding of the scientific process, and the nurse’s role in the health care setting (Colley, 2003). According to Shosha and Kaladeh (2012) Roy’s model provided the nursing profession with a framework to help further model-based research with a methodological soundness not yet known to the profession. This short essay will explain why I believe that Roy’s early model of adaption has contributed to research and nursing development more than other theorists of her time and significantly helped to shaped nursing practice and the profession. Contribution to Research and Nursing Development From a historical perspective Roy’s Adaption Model (RAM) is one of the most useful conceptual frameworks backed by years of research that has guided nursing practice. According to Fawcett (2005) Roy’s model has provided the foundation for the survival of nursing practice and is used globally to further nursing research, practice, and education. RAM has helped to link the concept of the human element of response to stress and adaptation— that is an intricate part of...
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...Historical Perspective Essay: Dorothea Orem Historical Perspective Essay: Dorothea Orem Introduction The foundation for the nursing profession that provides principles to generate knowledge defines nursing theory. Successful nurses must be rooted in theory and understand the philosophy that drives their actions. Dorothea Orem is a nurse with a vision that studied human behavior, with the core concept of self-care in the patient/nurse relationship. This paper seeks to explain Dorothea Orem’s Theory including the contribution of her research as it relates to nursing development and paradigms of nursing. Dorothea Orem Caring for one’s self, as Dorothea Orem believes, is the responsibility of each person. “Self care is a deliberate, learned action performed by a person who has the powers and developed capacities to regulate their own functions in order to contribute and maintain their personal well-being” (Seed & Torkelson, 2012, p. 394-395). Orem believes that the responsibility of care is the patient’s, although at times, nursing care will be necessary. “The goal of nursing practice is to assist patients to become adequately prepared to engage in their own care, and thus, have improved patient outcomes and a better quality of life” (Simmons, 2009, p. 419). Orem’s theory contains three different systems, or stages; wholly compensatory, partially compensatory, and educative stage. A person requiring complete assistance, such as being...
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...Historical Perspective Essay NUR 518 Jane Cash Historical Perspective Essay There are many nursing theorist that have influenced the development of nursing research. Nursing Theorist have provided the interrelated frameworks of ideas which focus on nursing practice. Through clinical application and information, nursing science adds relevance to the care of patients in health and disease. Nursing theories provide guidance to researchers and educate nurses (Keefe, 2011) to look at different approaches in caring for their patients. This paper will show how one theorist most influenced the development of nursing research. The 1990's was the decade for research and expanded nursing theory. This period elevated the use of evidence-based and best practices in nursing (George, 2011). Transcultural Nursing was introduced in 1992 by Madeline Leininger. Leininger’s theory says that the goal of nursing care is to” provide care congruent with cultural values, beliefs, and practices’ (Alligood & Tomey, 2010). The cultural and sociocultural factors of each person affects how they take on factors, meanings, and expressions of health and caring systems. This theory has wide applicability in different settings. The interest is focused on nurses becoming culturally competent so they can provide appropriate nursing care to a growing culturally/ethnically diverse patient population. Nursing paradigms show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing. Leininger...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline With this paper the focus was on the authors focus on important nursing events from a historical perspective. In the early beginnings of nursing, religion played an important role since religious servants often provided healthcare services to the local communities. Nightingale obtained her education in Germany with Deaconess in Kaiserswerth (Gustafsson & Engström, 2011). The Deaconess movement founded several nursing schools and hospitals in the US at the same time as the Nightingale movement was established Roux & Halstead, 2009. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale the founder of modern nursing started her nursing career in 1850s after obtaining education in Germany. In 1854 was back in England working at a small hospital. During this time Crimea war was ongoing and “Nightingale was appalled to learn that the mortality rate for British troops was 41 percent” (Roux & Halstead, 2009, pg.5). Nightingale went to the war as a nurse, and the rest is history. After the war, the Nightingale school of nursing was established. ‘Emphasis was placed on the proper education of the nurse, rather than on the needs of the hospital (Roux & Halstead, 2009, pg.6). Nightingale published Notes on Nursing in 1859 (Gustafsson & Engström, 2011) that established the foundation of the nightingale theory and foundation of what we call nursing...
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...Introduction As we glance at the evolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when applied to our practice. Evidenced based practice is therefore a deliberate, intellectual activity by which the practice of nursing is approached in an orderly, systematic manner also known as the nursing process (Walker & Avant, 2011). Historical Timeline Theories are concepts that have been investigated and developed into theory to guide and explain nursing practice. Florence Nightingale was known as the pioneer of nursing theory, the first nursing theory that focuses on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient which has directed nursing practice for 140 years (George, 20011). Nightingale’s theory is based upon the belief that the force for healing resides within the human being and that, if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves. Her 13 canons indicate the areas of environment of concern to nursing including ventilation, warming, health of houses , taking food, bedding, light, cleanliness of rooms and walls...
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...How does knowledge of the foundations and history of nursing provide a context in which to understand current practice? In order to comprehend the art of nursing one must appreciate and have knowledge of the nursing foundation and historical events that have evolved over time to understand and apply to their current practice. The article Nursing History, Theory and Conceptual Models states that before Florence Nightingale, nurses were the “sinners, saints, or mothers.” The women that were nurses’ from the beginning of time were women that were either religious leaders or more commonly had a disgraceful reputation to society and over the years nursing has evolved to a highly respectable profession. I remember learning the historical events and the history of nursing before learning anything else in my first nursing class. In order to move forward sometimes you must step back and take a closer look to understand things clearer. Identify at least three trends in nursing practice from the "Nursing Timeline of Historical Events" media piece. 1. One trend in nursing would be Florence Nightingale’s dedication to improve healthcare sanitation and hygiene which has saved so many lives and continues to be pursued to the modern day of nursing. The Nursing Timeline of History piece discusses how her development and advancement to enhance nurses’ education contributed to the “establishment of measures to analyze disease and mortality rates using statistical measures.” Through evidence...
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