History 11 exam 2 study guide
1) Explain the structure of the US Gov. under the new constitution and describe the compromises that led to its ratification? What problems do you think remained for the united states under this constitution?
The structure of the US Gov under the new constitution sets out the powers of the United States does and what the State powers are as well. In addition Madison is setting up a competion between the US Gov and the States. The US gov can coin money, make taxes, make treaties. State Powers can create taxes, make treaties, but can’t coin money. Many of the powers of the States are often duplicated from the Us Gov. powers. Also there is the 3 branch concept which consist of Executive branch (President, Enforce laws),Legislative Branch (Congress, Make Laws), and Judicial Branch( Interept Laws). These branches will also compete with each other. Example of congress fighting with the president on raising the national debt ceiling. In addition the Judicial branch will sometimes get involved because they have the power to declare a law constitutional or unconstitutional which is the final say. In addion the Judicial Branch can also interpret laws made by the legislative Branch.The compromise that led to the ratification are Virginia Plan:being a large state, because virgina had a larger population.the viginians did not think it was fair for a state to have 3times less population to have a equal vote as a larger state such as virginia.They wanted more power then a 1 state 1 vote system, where each state has a equal vote. This plan proposed a bicameral House (refers to 2 houses), which both houses are to be apportioned (by population of the state.). The New Jersy Plan, however is quite the opposite, a smaller state was fine with a unicameral house, (1 state 1 vote system), Great compromise is a result of the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan. The great compromise state that it will be bicameral house the upper house the senate will have a 1 state 1 vote system and then the House will be by apportionment( how large the population is depends how many representatives there are in the) , Presidency Compromise is the result of the state rights and federal powers. The state right s were wanted state legislator to elect president, favored short terms and term limits. The federal Gov. wanted direct election of pres. By qualified voters and favored longer terms and no term limits. 3/5 compromise deals with how to count slaves in the apportionment. Every 3of five slaves were counted for apportionment making the southern states much more powerful. The bill of rights was made to protect the right of the American people. The new US. Will take away some of your rights because they are much more powerful.
2) How did the federalist implement their ideas during the administrations of Washington and Adams? Summarize the federalist philosophy and then choose three policies or events from the federalist period. Describe each and explain how each reflects or does not reflect federalist philosophy?
The federalist implemented their ideas under Washington’s administration by implementing Hamilton’s Financial Plan. In addition the Federalist implemented their ideas durning Adam’s administration by the XYZ affair and the Aliens and Sedition Acts. The Federalist Philosophy is they wanted a Loose interpretation of the constitution. This meant that if the constitution did not state anything about something then the federalist believed that they can do it. Federalist wanted a strong Central Government. They favored industry and believed in Authority over Liberty. Federalist wanted Elite Rule. They favored England, well the system of England. In addition they wanted women and Children to be part of the labor Force. The reason for this is because the federalist favored industry they considered women and children to be cheap labor. Finally the Feds believed in Use of Government to assist in industry and infrastructure. 3 polices and events I chose are: Hamilton’s financial plan, XYZ Affair, Alien & Sedition Acts
Hamilton’s Plan is to get the finances in order. The plan is to Tax anything that is being shipped. The money earned from this tax will be used to pay off US debt which has been accumulating from the articles of confederation. In addition it will also be used to assume the states debt as well. Now that there is no debt then the US is now able to establish credit. This will enable the US to invest and make more money. The money will be used to build infrastructure, roads, canals and later RR’s. Mostly canals because you can transport a lot of product very easily because there is not much resistance at all because the products just float through the water a small barge of horses can pull a lot of product through the canals. Now that the Americans are able to transport products with these products they can now begin industry in the north east 1815. Also to protect the goods the federalist implemented a military, which is a federalist idea anyway because they believed in authority over liberty anyways. Finally will establish a central bank named the Bank of The U.S. that controls a lot of what’s going on. The XYZ Affair during Adam’s administration this is basic federalist stuff and remember federalist don’t like the French. The federalist decide to try to normalize trade with the French. What happens is that the federalist sends 3 of their diplomats to France to negotiate trade. While the diplomats are at the hotel to meet with the French prime minister they are met by three French agents and they demanded a bribe from the 3 federalist diplomats. The idea is that the US is a small country and if they want to talk to a high power like France they better pay up. The Americans called the French agents X,Y, and Z. they were out raged that these 3 French agents demanded money before they can even try to negotiate trade with France. As a result this cause the 2 year conflict between the US and France called the Quasi War not a very big war although had some property damage and Adam’s ended the war in 1800. Alien & Sedition Acts 1798 this has three parts. Part 1 Alien laws: you could deport aliens by decree, which means that you could deport the illegal aliens any time you want. In addition for an alien to become a legal citizen they must live in the US for at least 14years this would delay voting rights for immigrants. Most immigrants were only coming to America for land, because they only wanted land to farm and the Republicans farm. Part2 the Alien Enemy Law which states that dangerous aliens can be held without trial, but under the constitution says that everybody has to have a trial. Part 3 Sedition Law Which states criticism of the US is equivalent to criminal libel. This means that if your telling lies about the government you could be arrested. Usually the outside party is always the lambasting such as republican talking shit about Obama care, however if the comments are lies you can be arrested under the sedition act. 25 republicans were arrested under this act. Hamilton’s Financial plan reflects federalist philosophy by building infrastructure and industry. Also by creating a military. The XYZ affair reflects the federalist philosophy because the Federalist already don’t like the French to begin with. Since the French agents tried to bribe the 3 federalist diplomats before the US can negotiate trade with France. The Americans leaked this info to the American press and cause a small war between the US and the French. The alien and sedition acts. This also reflects the federalist by the fact they were trying to deport the French immigrants without any hassle. In addition with having a alien have to live in America for 14 years to delay voting rights to help keep the federalist in office. Also the sedition act which can have people arrested for telling lies about the government such as the republican party telling lies about the federalist party 25 republicans were arrested.
#3) Evaluate using at least three specific, detailed examples the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Was Jackson a true representative of the common man, or his opponents considered him a dictator? The 3 things I chose are Indian Removal act of 1830, The Bank War, Tariff of Abominations 1828. The Indian Removal Act, 1830, actually had to do with Georgia over a land dispute. Georgia wanted the land for the money. With the help of other states in the area and the states influence in congress Georgia was able to have this act passed which forces the 5 civilized tribes that were occupying the land to move out west somewhere. A missionary who lived on the Cherokee land named Worcester filed a law suit against Georgia. The law suit eventually went to the Supreme Court with a ruling in favor of the Cherokee to keep the land. The ruling stated that the Cherokee nation was declared sovereign meaning the US and the state of Georgia did not have jurisdiction over there land. At this point Andrew Jackson, Friend of the common man, gets involved. He says that the executive branch has authority over everything not the supreme court (Judicial Branch) Jackson used his subtle approach know as a horse training technique called carrot and stick technique. The stick part of the intervention was threatening the Indians living on that land. The threat stated move or die. This meant that if the Indians didn’t move Jackson would come with the army and call all the Indians on this land. The carrot at the same time was to offer them land in Oklahoma. Being that the Indians wanted to live they accepted Jacksons proposal. The bank war President Jackson hated banks; he wanted to get rid of the US bank. Nicholas Biddle the president of the bank knows that Jackson doesn’t want the bank re charted. Nicholas Biddle tried to get the bank re charted 4 years earlier in 1832 by trying to sneak it through congress. However that didn’t work because President Jackson still has to sign the bank bill. President Jackson saw what Biddle had tried to do and as a result Jackson vetoed the bill. Then president Jackson removed all the federal deposits, (money the US receives from Taxes ), from the US Bank. He then put it in 23 of his pet banks. The banks he chose were sort of reckless banks and the money was beginning to become unstable. Nicholas Biddle retaliated by contracting credit. This means that he stopped giving out loans. Also he began to call in loans knowing the US bank would not be able to pay back these loans causing a lot of problems for President Jackson. Nicholas Biddle’s retaliation contributed to a depression in 1837 and still Jackson got his way because the US Bank was not re charted. Nullification the tariff of abominations it a protective tariff and it takes place in 1828. Jackson is not president until 1829 however when situations start disrupting the US he will start jumping in. The tariff is a tax on imported goods. It is designed to help US industries New York. S. Car. Is upset because it raies the price higher for imported goods and basically the consumers of S.Car. are upset because now they are sort of being forced to purchase higher priced goods from American companies which they were once getting the same good if not better from companies overseas at a lower price. S. Car. Becomes outraged and refuses to abide by this law. Andrew Jackson steps ii with his subtle carrot and stick technique. The Stick is pay the tariff or die by military force. The Carrot at the same time is ill lower the tariff making it slightly easier to by overseas goods. I believe that Jackson was a friend o the common man. He helped Georgia get the land they wanted because the natives did not want to move. In addition I believe he did what was necessary to help build the strength of the American economy at that time during the tariff of abominations.
#4) explain the theology of the second great awakening. Describe thoroughly Three of the social reform movements that emerged from the 2nd great awakening? Note Social reform movements refer to reforms like education. The theology of the 2nd great awakening is that God is a very kind father figure and very humanistic. This means that Humans become more important and God becomes more like human. There is no more original sin. This means that your born innocent. Its not Catholic or not protestant its somewhat distined. You also have Free will meaning it’s your choice to sin or not. Sin receive eternal damnation and don’t sin eternal salvation. Then in the end you have perfectionism. This means that the world gets better in the golden age and Jesus will lift you up nicely up to heaven. The 3 social reform movements I chose are Education, Criminal institutions, and Health and medicine. Education horseman an evangelist got elected to the Massachusetts state legislature. He wanted to teach kids the right path at an early age. Horseman was teaching the kids ideas from the 1830’s and making it part of the future. As a result horse hopes that this will eventually creat a perfect society even if it takes a couple of generations till it happens. It’s a tax supported school and is universial meaning both genders mail and female. Also it will be mandatory, so the kids will have to go. In addition the school is to instill virtues, which means to put kids on the right path at an early age. The program is proastant teachings. Also the school will use Mc Guffee readers, which are readers that teach kids moral lessons. Many catholic immigrants primarily from Ireland are nervous about sending their kids to a school that includes protestant doctrines. Bishop John Huges creats a catholic school program partially funded by the church and has church employees such as priest and Nuns as educators running the school. In addition there is a tuition required from all students entering the program. Criminal institutions Dorothea Dix is one of the social reform leaders of correctional facilities. She wanted to help create the perfect society by helping the sinners (prisoners) get on the right path. The idea of the correctional facilities was to truly correct the behavior of the inmates. The sentences of the prisoners were not more then 3 or 4 months long. This time was used to rehabilitate the prisoners with conformity. Meaning the walk , eat, restroom , and work together in uniform. There was often a beat and every prisoner ha to chew is food on the beat and the same went for walking. Also the prisoners were taught religion and had to remain silent the whol time unless the prisoners were talked to by a person of authority such as a prison guard. The Social work volunteers were always watching to make sure the prisoners were following the rules. If a prisoner broke a rule it would usally result in a longer sentence. Health and Medicine. Slvester Graham sees Health and medicine as something spiritual, emotional, as well as physical. He believes that if you can get people to be on the path of having great spiritual, emotional, and physical health then this will lead to the perfect society. Sylvester Graham didn’t like the medical practices of the 1830’s. he believed that to prevent one from having to deal with the surgeons of the 1830’s was to have a good healthy body. Sylvester believed that you must have great spiritual and emotional help as well as physical help to achieve that goal of a healthy body. In order to have great spiritual, emotional, and physical health you must advocate a vegetarian diet along with bible readings, meditation and reduced sexual activity.