...History of Ford Motor Co. Shaun Mains Alvernia University The Ford Motor Company is an American based automobile manufacturer that was founded in 1903 by the late Henry Ford. The company pioneered the early integrated moving assembly line, fought and beat early gasoline powered automobile patents, and even survived the Great Depression. Today, Ford is the fifth largest automobile manufacturer in the world, based on sales, and is the largest family controlled company in the world (History). Henry Ford, along with 11 other investors, founded Ford Motor Company on June 16th 1903 (History). In its early years the company produced the Model A, S, K and most notably, the Model T. The popularity of the Ford Model T from 1908 through 1913 is what fueled the development of the integrated moving assembly line. The assembly line simplified the manufacturing process and made mass production possible (Company). The chassis assembly line alone went from 12.5 hours to produce a chassis, down to 1.5 hours (Company). The Ford Model T was a huge success for the automobile manufacturer. The vehicle was priced significantly lower than the competition largely in part to Henry Ford’s insistence on building integrated manufacturing plants and the utilization of the integrated moving assembly line. The company’s main goal of the time was to build a vehicle for the everyday American, and the company priced their vehicles accordingly. This achievement allowed even the poorest of Americans...
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... the financial crisis brought the U.S. economy a lot of negative effects, and most of American people put their hopes of economic recovery on the automotive industry. Because they believe that recovery in the automotive industry will drive the revitalization of other industries. There is no doubt that the U.S. auto industry and economic development are closely linked, and is very important for the U.S. auto industry. Why the automobile industry is so important to U.S economic development? The United States is one of the world’s most developed and richest countries, and the U.S. auto industry has long been an important support to the country’s development. Automobile manufacturing industry in the United States has a long history, and the lives of every American may be associated with the automotive industry. Why Americans cannot live without car manufacturing industries? Obviously, the answer is the automotive industry in the United States began in 1895 (Klepper 5). That was 115 years ago, this is a very long time, it can be said that the U.S. automobile industry had a...
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...The automobile industry is a giant, serving both public and private sectors of the economy and consuming enumerable amounts of goods used in production, accounting for numerous additional jobs. The complexity of the industry has grown over the years along with the complexity of the products it produces. New means of advertising and other market strategies further complicate this already hugely intricate industry. On top of this, the industry continues to evolve on an almost yearly basis with the introduction of new “essential standard features” that one would not have even considered putting in a car five years earlier. Despite it’s relatively recent rapid growth in the past 100 years, the automobile industry, had a somewhat slower start. Once the industry was set in motion it unquestionably continued to grow and develop amazing machines that provide a great service to society and a great profit to its manufactures, but the first 130 years the automobile industry took to establish itself as an important part of the economy are just as important to fully understand the industry. The first self-propelled street vehicle was invented by the French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot, in 1769. It was a military tractor used by the French army to haul artillery. It was destroyed later that same year in what is considered the first automobile accident; it crashed into a wall.2 The engine, like most of its time, was steam powered. Steam was the main source of power...
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...COMPANY PROFILE | | 5 | THEORETICAL BACKGROUND | | 6 | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | | 7 | DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION | | 8 | FINDING & OBSERVATION | | 9 | LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT | | 10 | CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION | | 11 | BIBLIOGRAPHY | | 12 | ANNEXURE | | 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary: 2. OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF THE PROJECT * OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 3.INDUSTRY PROFILE INDUSTRY PROFILE Indian Automobile Industry History and development The history of the automobile industry in India actually began about 4,000 years ago when the first wheel was used for transportation. In the early 15th century, the Portuguese arrived in China and the interaction of the two cultures led to a variety of new technologies, including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own power. By the 1600s, small steam-powered engine models were developed, but it was another century before a full-sized engine-powered automobile was created. The dream a carriage that moved on its own was realized only in the 18th century when the first car rolled on the streets. Steam, petroleum gas, electricity and petrol started to be used in these cars. On a growth path The Indian auto industry, worth US$ 34 billion in 2006, has grown at a CAGR of 14 per cent over the last five years with total sales of vehicles reaching around 9 million vehicles...
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...Sheeraz Ali Shaikh SKODA AUTO- 2007 INTRODUCTION: | 1895 | Vaclav Laurin and Vaclav Klemnet form bicycle company. | 1891 | Laurin and Kelemnt start making motorcycles. | 1905 | The first car, called the “Voiturette A”, leaves the factory gates and thanks to its quality and attractive appearance soon gains a stable position in the emerging international automobile markets. | 1907 | Laurin & Klement set up a joint-stock company that goes on to export cars to markets the world over. | 1925 | The Laurin & Klement automobile factory merges with the Skoda machinery manufacturing company in Plzen. | 1939-1945 | During the war years, the factory focuses on producing materials for the military. Just a few days before the war ends, the factory is bombed and sustains considerable damage. The enterprise is nationalized in the autumn of 1945. | 1946 | The enterprise’s reconstruction takes place under a new name, AZNP (Automobilove zavody, narodni podnik” – Automotive Plants, National Enterprise). | 1989 | Czech republic formed. | 1991 | April 16 marks the beginning of a new chapter in the Company’s history, when it is acquired by the strategic partner Volkswagen. Skoda becomes the Volkswagen Group’s fourth brand. | 1996 | Production commences of another milestone car model for the Company – the Skoda Octavia. | Five Forces Analysis 1. Threat of Entry Eastern European consumers get access to a great variety of cars then they have before and increasing...
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...STS Manufacturing in China: Mark Hanson Returns from Vacation 1. Is China a market economy? What role have foreign companies played in China’s fast-paced growth since the reform began? How does the Chinese government perceive foreign enterprises operating in China? What has been the history of China’s relation with the outside world and how does this history influence its behavior toward foreign firms on Chinese soil? Yes, China is a market economy. China now participates extensively in the world market and mostly state owned but also some private sector companies play a major role in the economy. When China began to resemble a market economy, privatization had not occurred in China on a significant scale. However, since the reform it was relatively easy for them to identify their potential joint-venture partners. The removal of restrictions on investment, relaxation of restrictions on products produced and breakdown of silo meant that potential partners can enter China from any sector. Foreign companies help provide annual double-digit growth rate in the economy and also helped in raising the living standards of the Chinese people. Chinese people are also provided with better quality products and technology. As of now, there are more than 300,000 foreign-owned enterprises have invested in China with more than 25 million employers. Chinese government does not perceive foreign enterprises very positively. Foreign companies doing business in China are generally required...
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...The Effects of the Automobile Industry on Japanese Culture HUM432 The Effects of the Automobile Industry on Japanese Culture The Japanese Culture The Japanese culture is one of the oldest cultures in the world. Its current state is the culmination of 30,000 to 50,000 years of history (Varley, P. 1973). It has been influenced by the introduction of aspects of many cultures from the Asian and Western worlds. It has resulted in the development and adoption of technologies which have in turn impacted the culture itself. The automobile industry is one of the largest technological industries that have developed in Japan. The growth of the automobile industry in Japan has had both positive and negative effects on the Japanese culture. The Japanese culture in 1950 prior to the accelerated growth of the automobile industry was complex and comprised of practices and institutions which developed based upon both ancient beliefs and contemporary influences. Ancient beliefs were a result of spiritual ideas, and internal political and economic structures that developed over time on this island nation, for the most part isolated from the western world until the 1800s. Western political and economic influences had an effect the culture thereafter. Spiritual beliefs in Japan are primarily an outcome of the influence of Shintoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, with some impact made by Christian missionaries who arrived on the island in 1600s. Shintoism, the earliest religious belief system...
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...and service manufacturing. This strategy is widely used nowadays due to its ontime delivering of the right product/service at the time of its demand. This is a system that is highly used in many industries. In this essay we will see the example of the most common industry using JIT manufacturing, the automobile industries and explain why this method is so effective and widely accepted. Definition/ General Description Just-in-time method is based on the total elimination of waste, producing goods and services only when needed withought having to store inventory or have the customer waiting for the product/service. In other words, it is based on producing only the necessary parts in the necessary quantities at the right time by matching the production rates with the market demands at that time. Due to the fact that the materials arrive just in time for manufacturing, there is no need for storing inventory as mentioned previously. By these we can see that it operates at low cost and in reality generates profits. The “JIT” method has a positive effect on productivity and work performance and it’s overall cost-effective. The most common industry using JIT manufacturing is the automobile industries. I “JIT” and Toyota Production Systems History The idea of JIT manufacturing goes back to the Toyota motor company in Japan. Before using JIT manufacturing in Japan, Toyota had studied American production methods such as Ford’s practices. In Japan JIT manufacturing is named Toyota...
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...electric vehicle manufacturing industry.2 This report will extensively discuss the five competitive forces that influence HEV and EV manufacturing industry and how Tesla should evolve their business strategy to account for these industry forces.3 The HEV and EV manufacturing industry solely includes firms within the United States for the purposes of this report. The industry manufactures automobiles that utilize electric motors for compulsion, as opposed to traditional gas powered automobiles. It is an emerging industry currently in the growth stage. The industry is highly concentrated with just three major players, Toyota Motor Corporation, Ford, and Honda Motor Company Ltd. The industry is profitable and expected to grow another 6.3% annually the next five years.4 In this industry the threat of new entrants is weak for a variety of reasons. First, expensive and expansive manufacturing plants are utilized by all major firms in this industry, enabling leaders to produce larger volumes of HEVs and EVs than their competitors with fewer manufacturing resources. Considering firms in this industry produce relatively large volumes at lower costs, supply-side economies of scale deters the threat of new entrants. Second, capital intensity in this industry is high, these enormous capital requirements to enter the industry also deters the threat of new entrants.4 Third, major firms in the industry have incumbency advantage due to strong reputations for manufacturing safe vehicles. Consumers...
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...GM History - A Brief History The founding of General Motors on September 16, 1908, drew little attention. Motorcar firms were appearing virtually everywhere. Success for the young automotive concern was not predestined. There was no guarantee of a place in the market or assurance of any profit. Of the nearly 1,000 companies that tried to build and sell motor vehicles prior to 1927, less than 200 continued in business long enough to even offer a commercially suitable vehicle. Most of the companies that comprised the young General Motors Company were weak, and their operations were uncoordinated. Many were in debt. It was not until the 1920s, when a new concept of management was forged and a new concept of product emerged, that GM really began to prosper. General Motors sales for its first full fiscal year ending September 31, 1909, totaled 25,000 cars and trucks, 19 percent of total U.S. sales. Net sales totaled $29,030,000 and its payroll at the peak of the manufacturing season numbered more than 14,000 mostly in Michigan. In 1995, GM sold 8.3 million cars and trucks worldwide with net income of $6.9 billion and worldwide employment averaging 714,000 workers. General Motors has 284 operations in 35 states and 158 cities in the United States. In addition GM of Canada operates 21 locations, GM de Mexico operates 5 locations, and GM has assembly, manufacturing, distribution or warehousing operations in 49 other countries, including...
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...CHAPTER NO-1 INTRODUCATION The automotive business could be a combination of the various form of corporations and organization together with style, development, producing, marketing, and mercantilism of automobile like automobile, bus. We can call them as automakers. The term AUTOMOTIVE was created from Greek word and Latin word. Greek word autos (self) and Latin word motives (of moving) and same another term AUTOMOBILE were created from Greek word autos (self) and French word mobile (moving). The term AUTOMOTIVE was coined by Elmer Sperry. Today "self-moving" vehicle is engineering magic. Which provide quick means of Transportation. Today people from all around the globe living in "world of wheels. Everyday people depend on their car, bus,...
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...Automobiles - An Introduction The word automobile was coined by 14th century Italian painter & engineer named Martini. Martini never built an automobile but he did draw plans for a man-powered carriage with four wheels. Martini thought up the name automobile from the Greek word, "auto," (meaning self) and the Latin word, "mobils" (meaning moving). The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. However, we can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way. An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. The term motorcar has also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems. There are approximately 600 million passenger cars worldwide (roughly one car per eleven people). Around the world, there were about...
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...The history of the American mass produced automobile is goes back a long way. The first vehicle was produced in 1886 in Germany. A German engineer by the name of Karl Benz is generally credited with the invention of the first practical automobile. Contrary to what most people are used to today, this automobile had three wheels, two in the back and one in the front. The engine was powered by gasoline, but its run time was restricted due to the limited development of the engines of that time. Safety of automobiles at first is much different than it is today. The safety innovations that many people are used to today, such as airbags, seatbelts, and turn signals, were not implemented for many years after production of automobiles started. Seatbelts...
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...of Management for Engineers Executive Summary Chosen industry: This analysis focuses on the automotive industry, specifically, large-scale manufacturers of automobiles. The automotive industry is inherently interesting: it is massive, it is competitive, and it is expected to undergo major restructuring in the near future due to globalization and decreasing oil reserves. The analysis team members (we) feel qualified to perform this investigation due to our familiarity with the industry and our education—several of us have studied and worked on problems associated with automobile manufacturing and we are all mechanical engineering graduate students. Analysis Methodology: The report begins with a historical overview of the automotive industry. This is followed by an analysis of the industry’s structural characteristics using Porter’s 5 Forces Model as a framework, which provides an understanding of the automotive industry as a whole in its current state. Next, ten representative companies of varying sizes are analyzed and compared; the chosen companies and selection criteria follow. General Motors, Ford, and Toyota were chosen because they are the current market leaders. DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Volkswagen, and Honda were chosen because of their status as stable international companies who have been in the automobile business for many years. Hyundai, Maruti Udyog, and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp., based in Korea, India, and China, respectively, were chosen based on their...
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...I chose the automobile industry because I feel that it is one of the largest and most innovative industries. The automobile industry is forever growing and forever changing. The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam engine automobiles capable of human transport. In 1806, the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas led to the modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine. The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent method of automotive propulsion during that time. Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth, and in 1801 Richard Trevithick was running a full-sized vehicle on the road in Camborne. In Russia in the 1780s, Ivan Kulibin started working on a human pedalled carriage with a steam engine. He finished working on it in 1791.The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789. In 1805, Evans demonstrated his first successful self-propelled vehicle, which not only was the first automobile in the USA, but was also the first amphibious vehicle. His steam-powered vehicle was able to travel on the road, on land, and via a paddle wheel in the water. What some people define as the first "real" automobile was produced by Amédée Bollée in 1873, who built self-propelled...
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