...The History of The Internet Fundamentals of eBusiness Bus107 The Internet we know of right now was only a dream about fifty years ago, not many people could have imagined the increase in technology from that time and not many people that where adults during that time can even handle the extreme change; most still have a problem coping with the advancements. The internet has made drastic changes throughout the years and that is what I will be going over during the next couple of pages. It has been said that the USSR was the first in the development of the computer and the internet in 1957. Although, these are only assumptions due to the lack of data recorded and the grudge held by the United States. The USSR launched a satellite called Sputnik to be the first artifical Earth satellite. In response to this, the United States created an organization called the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense to compete with the USSR’s advancements in technology. Soon the Advanced Research Projects Agency became the leader in science and computer technology. Later, in 1962 Paul Baran of the RAND Corporation was hired by the U.S. Air Force to do a study in order to find a network that could be used as a military defensive strategy in response to a nuclear military attack. Baran's finished document described several ways to accomplish this. His final proposal was a packet switched network. Between 1968 and 1972 the BBN...
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...History of the Internet The Internet as we know today was not a concept that was quickly enacted when it was first thought up. It was a revolutionary process that was the result of visionary people who painstakingly brought forth the World Wide Web. These individuals saw a promising potential in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. This is all started in 1962 when the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program. They selected J.C.R. Licklider of MIT to head the work and develop it. Later Leonard Kleinrock of UCLA who developed the theory of packet switching, which was used to create the basis of Internet connections. His thesis was titled Communications Networks: Stochastic Flow and Delay. This thesis examined what packet-switching networking could look like. Lawrence Roberts of NIT confirmed Kleinrocks’ theory by connecting a Massachusetts computer with a California computer over dial up telephone lines. This proved that it could be done and when he later joined DARPA in 1966 he developed his plan for ARPANET. ARPANET, also known as the Internet “was brought online in 1965 under a contract let by the renamed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)” (Howe 2). It originally connected UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah. Soon after several other universities connected to ARPANET. In order for ARPANET to communicate via the telephone lines a series...
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...WEB DEVELOPMENT Brief History of the Internet Origins of the Internet The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking was a series of memos written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network" concept. He envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site. In spirit, the concept was very much like the Internet of today. Licklider was the first head of the computer research program at DARPA,4 starting in October 1962. While at DARPA he convinced his successors at DARPA, Ivan Sutherland, Bob Taylor, and MIT researcher Lawrence G. Roberts, of the importance of this networking concept. Leonard Kleinrock at MIT published the first paper on packet switching theory in July 1961 and the first book on the subject in 1964. Kleinrock convinced Roberts of the theoretical feasibility of communications using packets rather than circuits, which was a major step along the path towards computer networking. The other key step was to make the computers talk together. To explore this, in 1965 working with Thomas Merrill, Roberts connected the TX-2 computer in Mass. to the Q-32 in California with a low speed dial-up telephone line creating the first (however small) wide-area computer network ever built. The result of this experiment was the realization that the time-shared computers could work well together, running programs and retrieving...
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...D1 – Explain how software utilities can improve the performance of computer systems. Software utility | How can it improve computer performance? | Improvements that can be made to the utility | Anti-virus | When viruses enter a computer the performance will significantly decrease because the viruses take over all the system files and change their information. Antiviruses help improve the performance because they stop the viruses from coming in the computer before they make the computer slow as antiviruses scan in real time and whenever a file is downloaded it is always scanned. | Anti-viruses should be constantly searching for new viruses being made and should have constant updates where it will always remove the viruses and stop them from entering your computer. Instead of having scheduled updates they should be constant so new viruses can be detected. There should also be constant virus scans which do not slow the PC down. | Firewalls | Firewalls help improve computer performance because it stops connections from outside of the local area network coming in through ports and controlling the PC or taking files with important credentials stored on it. It is basically a barrier to keep unauthorised elements out of a network or a computer. They are filters for your traffic incoming to your computer so it can block incoming packets that are unsafe. | Firewalls can only protect what they can. It is impossible to stop every single virus that a software might have coming into the...
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...biggest merger in U.S. business history, and it received so much press and hype it seemed that the predominance of internet over previous media was finalized. A lot of people have believed that this particular union was a symbol of an exciting future of collaboration between the worldwide internet and the television. Many of those individuals that was observing this merger foreseen that this would be a magnificent collaboration. And with Time Warner's valuable collection of movies, music as well as printed media that is being presented to the AOL's clientele by the means of the internet. The result of the deal is reminisced less for its dimension and much more for being the poorest amalgamation in history. Ultimately these two corporations split in 2009. In the end, AOL and Time Warner’s worth as a unified company withered down from $300 billion when they initially merged all the way down to what they declared to just about $40 billion when they parted ways. What they envisioned wasn’t a bad decision because we're seeing movies, TV, and music scattered all online by way of Apple, Google, Amazon and others. However, in the collaboration, there were many culture clashes, leadership blunders and effectively buff out all the kinks and twists with delivering media online which has been proven to be problematic. In the end, AOL’s bursting dot com bubble provided a proportion of its aforementioned value. Reference The Biggest Business Blunders in History (November 7, 2013). Retrieved...
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...12 Alternative #2 12 Strength of Alternative. 12 Weakness of alternative. 13 Overall evaluation of alternative. 13 Alternative #3 13 Strength of alternative. 13 Weakness of Alternative. 15 Overall evaluation of alternative. 15 Specify the selection criteria 15 Optimal Alternatives 16 Short term effects 16 Long term effects 17 Objective Criteria Juul Møller Bokhandel A/S is in the business of selling text books, primarily business administration books, to university students. The middle-sized bookstore conducts business on school campuses and surrounding areas near various campus. Its main customer is one of Norway’s largest business school, the Norwegian School of Management, which also has a long and strong history with the Juul Møller family. To date, the main objectives of the firm are to not only sell books, but also to ensure that it is meeting the demands of the school curriculum; always having books in stock and ensuring that there are enough copies for students and professors. This in turn allows the bookstore to remain the number...
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...The Internet, the single most powerful agent of change in recent history, In the words of Arthur C. Clarke, “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” The rapid pace and reach of the changes wrought by the Internet indeed has a touch of magic about them. As a tool available to a fairly wide public, the Internet is only twenty years old, but it is already the key catalyst of the most extensive and fastest technological revolution in history.("Managing in virtual environment . Part 1. Becoming virtual," n.d.) It is the most extensive because over the past two decades its effects have touched practically every citizen in the world. And it is the fastest because its large-scale adoption is quicker than that of any earlier technology. ("Managing in virtual environment. Part 1. Becoming virtual," n.d.) To put this into perspective—it was 70 years after the invention of the airplane that 100 million people had traveled by air; it took 50 years after the invention of the telephone for 100 million people to use this form of communication. ("Managing in...
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...people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. There is no doubt that the Internet is one of the greatest humankind's inventions of the last century. It is fast and easy way to get a lot of valuable information. However, some people believe that the Internet creates many problems. From my point of view I think that the Internet brings us advantages as well as disadvantages. First of all, I think that the Internet brings us many benefits. People can have access to the latest news, weather, traffic, bid-and-asked quotations, etc. Another important benefit is that the Internet is a great means of communication. A few years ago it was rather difficult to imagine that it would be possible to communicate with people from all around the world. Students have the opportunity to speak to the professors from prestigious universities, ask their opinions and extend their range of interests. People have the opportunity to communicate with the people from other countries, find out their customs, traditions and even visit each other. I think that the Internet makes our world smaller and friendlier. We' ve got the chance to learn more about the world's history, our forefathers and gain more knowledge. From the other hand, many questions and difficulties arose with the appearance of the Internet. For example, children...
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...The Internet today is the global platform of information infrastructure. It has a very detailed history and has been evolving ever since it first began… making a great impact on us in many aspects - technological, organizational, educational, economic, political, social, and moral (both intra-personal and inter-personal) environments. According to The Internet Society organization, the predecessor to the modern Internet is a packet switching technique called THE ARPANET which was founded by a team of visionary minds at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) lead by the program manager and office director the scientist Lawrence Roberts. The initial ARPANET gradually matured into the “Internet” we use today (Brief History of the Internet, 2013) . The development and growth of the Internet has had a great impact on the economy. Banks have made tremendous changes to the operational and corporative sector and interactions with consumers. Most of the banks across the globe have developed online banking portals where clients can manage their accounts from home. The Internet offers the potential for safe, convenient new ways to shop for financial services and conduct banking business, any day, any time(Safe Internet Banking, 2013). Amazon .com has been a major factor in the internet shopping revolution. Websites such as bizrate.com, nextag.com, shoplocal.com, slickdeals.net, and woot.com are some of the most popular comparison shopping sites. Websites such as...
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...Business Models for Internet Based E-Commerce B Mahadevan Introduction The meteoric growth of Internet based E-commerce at the turn of the last century is truly baffling. During the last one decade, this market space has grown in several directions. In its first generation, it saw the emergence of portals and search engines. However, in due course more and more organisations began to cater to the Business to Customer (B2C) market. In the last two years, there is significant growth in the Business to Business (B2B) segment. As several organisations began to operate in the Internet market space, they innovated unique propositions to create value in the process. These were either not found or difficult to replicate in the traditional brick and mortar operation. This course will help the students understand these unique propositions in a unified framework. The framework is collectively referred to as "Business Models". An Internet based business has several dimensions: · · · · the technology aspect primarily comprising of telecommunication, networking and other infrastructure issues the software domain that includes programming languages, web page design, customer interface and transactions management, security and privacy management, and large scale data mining the management aspect that deals with the business strategies for value creation, growth and customer development and retention the statutory and legal dimension that addresses various cyber laws dealing with security...
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...In the history of mankind, the internet is the greatest development in the domain of communication and information. From hand held phones to desktops, technological advancements in the field of accessing information are endless. The means and modes of communication have made communication easy across the globe. Globalization has become a reality due to the extensive implementation of technology. So the argument – Do we blindly rely on technology than our common sense? Is there too much technology? Personally, I feel the positives of digital media outweigh its disadvantages. Internet functions as a valuable resource for information. One can find any type of information on any subject with the help of search engines like Google, Wikipedia etc. Anyone can create media – blogs, photos, videos etc. Bloggers barely research and write anything original. So does this mean the quality of media is lowered? Expressing views in print is not as easy as doing so on the internet. With millions of people expressing their viewpoints or theories on the internet, a lot of ideas may seem to get overlapped. With ideas used as an inspiration to carry forward their research or list it as reference does not hamper the quality of information. I relate this to my personal experience when I was working with CNBC,a media company and had to make a presentation on a very unfamiliar subject. Few hours before the presentation, finding the information via print media would have been looking for a needle in...
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...Brief History of the Internet Introduction The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology. Today, terms like "bleiner@computer.org" and "http://www.acm.org" trip lightly off the tongue of the random person on the street. 1 This is intended to be a brief, necessarily cursory and incomplete history. Much material currently exists about the Internet, covering history, technology, and usage. A trip to almost any bookstore will find shelves of material written about the Internet. 2 In this paper,3 several of us involved in the development and evolution of the Internet share our views of its origins and history. This history revolves around four distinct aspects. There is the technological evolution that began with early research on packet...
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...Casey Boyle Federal Government Final Mind map: Internet Privacy Law Internet privacy has been a major issue since the movement of the internet into mainstream culture since the early 1990s. We have basically the entire world on the internet now, let alone America itself, and it really is a massive social experiment. We have nothing to compare the internet to throughout history and governments are debating and experimenting on how best to govern this incredible evolution of communication. It is important to remember that the internet really is quite new. The benchmarks we set now are extremely important to the rest of history on this planet because like it or not, the internet is definitely here to stay. The world has rapidly become dependent on its functioning. This is why internet privacy law is so important. We are establishing standards that our progeny will have to live with for years and years to come. The current state of internet privacy is a bit blurry because there are many factors at play here. We have many interest groups, concerns, and legal issues to consider. The legal issues we are looking at when talking about privacy on the internet are primarily free speech, and whether the government or organizations have the right to track your personal information. If they do have that right, how much information can they use and how can they use it? The reason we are dealing with free speech here is because there is a question as to what all can be broadcast in the...
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...people are strong critical thinkers when it comes to the manipulation between the media and them. On the contrary, Naomi Rockler-Gladen’s essay “Me Against the Media” states that young people are being easily manipulated by tons of consumer advertising from the media. At the same time I believe Goldwasser’s claim that we are strong critical thinkers, I also believe that the manipulation keeps progressing through people’s lives. We as human beings have the choice to let the media manipulate us however, we also have the choice to stop the manipulation. Not only has the media used television to manipulate us, it has also used the Internet. The Internet is much more powerful than television due to all the social networks on there. Literally, it seems like many people have forgotten the fun of being outdoors because they are too occupied being on the Internet or television. According to Goldwasser, “we’re talking about 33 million Americans who are fluent in texting, e-mailing, blogging, IM’ing and constantly amending their profiles on social network sites…” (237). Although, she did not specify the age group of the 33 million Americans we all know that it is teenagers who fulfill the description in all the...
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...very advanced, dealing with worldwide problems in a more efficient manner. However, many are abusing this breakthrough invention because internet users are not aware of the vital connection that the real world has with the virtual world. In the article “Character Education for Cyberspace: Developing Good Netizens” by Andrew J. Milson and Beong-Wan Chu, human’s actions opposing from the real world is explained. Furthermore, in the article “We Need to Learn to Become Digital Citizens,” by Nick Harkaway, the connection between the real world and the virtual world is clarified and the importance of becoming a smart internet user is expressed. This paper will illustrate the authors’ claims in emphasizing the dangers of the virtual world that humans are ignorant toward by asserting claims sub claims, and examples to express their purpose. The main argument of the article, “Character Education for Cyberspace: Developing Good Netizens” by Andrew J. Milson and Beong-Wan Chu, is that cyberspace allows people to communicate and say words that they would not say or do in real life. Milson and Chu state, “In the most complex sense, cyberspace may be conceived as a parallel world where people can conduct ordinary activities without engaging in the physical acts traditionally associated with such activities” (Milson and Chu 1). They are saying that the internet gives people the opportunity to talk to one another and speak their minds without having to do so face to face. The author claims that...
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