...behavioral problems humans possess, and the possible psychological problems and disorders. “According to the APA, clinical psychology attempts to use the principles of psychology to better understand, predict, and alleviate intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning (APA, 2009a)”(Plante, 2011, pg. 5). For one to gain a better understanding of clinical psychology, the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology must be discussed, the role of research and statistics must be explained, and the differences between clinical psychology and other mental health professions must be discussed. The items listed will be addressed and examined throughout this paper. History of Clinical Psychology In the later part of the 1800’s, psychology was being discovered in several laboratories in different universities. The field of psychology was insisting and leaning more on pure science as the main practice, but a former student of Wilhelm Wundt, named Lightner Witmer, made an impact and changed that view on psychology (Pickren, 2009). Lightner Whitmer in charge of the psychology department in the University of Pennsylvania. Whitmer began to work with a boy who had problems with spelling, and developed a program of tutoring which became a success in helping the boy. The success from the tutoring program Whitmer developed, lead to the event of Whitmer opening a psychological clinic in 1896, which was the first that had opened during...
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...Traditionally, when officers begin a career with a police department, a career could last 30 or more years. With the potential for such longevity in the field, the psychological screening process must determine issues that could arise over time and interfere with the individual’s ability to perform the job. Law enforcement agencies can reduce future excessive force litigation within racially diverse communities through valid psychological assessments and screening out potentially aggressive candidates as well (Koepfler et al., 2012). Although psychological assessments are in the regimen of hiring a police personnel by licensed psychologists with a specialty in police screening (Gallo & Halgin, 2011), each police personnel have individualized battery of assessments and the criminal justice system do not contain a streamlined screening process across the nation (Lough & Von Truer,...
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...Types of evaluations There are several types of evaluations/assessments that can be done by school systems or independently. This webpage describes eleven type of assessments/evaluations. If the school is evaluating your child, they must be evaluated in ALL the areas of suspected disability. Page Index: Educational Evaluation , Psychological Evaluation (Wechsler Intelligence, Attention, behaviors and emotions ), Neuropsychological Evaluation, Functional Behavioral Assessment, Speech and Language Evaluation, Auditory Processing Evaluation, Occupational Therapy (OT) Evaluation, Physical Therapy (PT) Evaluation, Assistive Technology (AT) Assessment, Transition Assessment(TA), Home Assessment, and Teacher Assessment/Observation. If you have received "EVALUATION CONSENT FORM", (form called Attachment to N 1) in the mail. Before you sign and return this form, you can request a "pre-evaluation conference" to talk with a school professional(s) about the 5 W's (Who, What, When, Where, Why) who will conduct each evaluation, what evaluations/tests would be helpful, when will your child be taken out of classes to be tested and where will your child be given the test/evaluations and who will be explaining why the evaluations are happening? These are the assessments/evaluations that can be listed on the Consent form (N1), it may include these but are not limited to what is printed on the (Attachment to N 1) form. As stated in Special Education Regulation: 28.04(1)(c) School...
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...The Holistic Assessment: Psychological, Physiological, Cultural, Spiritual and Psychosocial Wilfredo Mamaril Sternberg College The holistic assessment is an essential component of quality care that allows a psychiatric nurse to identify, diagnose and treat their patients based on every individual’s specific needs. A comprehensive assessment of a client’s health across multiple dimensions, such as their physiological, psychological, spiritual, cultural and psychosocial domains, are important “prerequisites for formulating an appropriate nursing diagnosis and plan of care” (Carniaux-Moran) particular to each patient. This assessment is achieved through interviews and assessments between the nurse and the client that “[varies] according to the state of the participants and the context in which the interview takes place” (Carniaux-Moran). It assists a nurse towards a more proficient and thorough diagnoses. For one, it is vital to consider a client’s past and present physical condition in order to determine if any of these medical disorders have an impact on their mental health. For example, patients who present symptoms for some common psychiatric illness such as nervousness, irritability and insomnia, can actually be suffering from underlying medical condition such as hypothyroidism or low lithium levels. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the visual observation of symptoms, nurses often perform a medical workup to rule out organic illnesses and ensure that the client...
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...A behavior assessment is a change that focuses on behavior rather than the underlying traits, hypothetical causes, or presumed dimensions of personality. (Gregory,2004) The five phases of a behavior assessment are: behavioral observations, physiological assessment, biological assessment, structured interviews and analogue tests. Behavioral observations- this is what the client is doing physically and emotionally. Physiological assessment- this is based on a physical examination to check health issues and to check for various medications and their effects on the body. Biological assessment- this is check for any underlying conditions that affects the client whether inherited or from the community. Structured interviews- these are to see through various questions the duration, frequency or the intensity of the target behavior is well-defined. Analogue tests- these are tests used in behavior therapy to see if certain procedures and goals are to be used in and for various social exchanges. In the physiological phase of a behavioral assessment the behavioral analyst will look at the various gestures of the client, the body language, tone of voice and facial expressions. Behavioral observations are necessary to see if therapy is a necessity to work on the behaviors to see how they are effecting the client in a normal and proper way or are the behavior(s) going to cause trouble for the client or the family and others that are around them. The Behavioral analyst will consult with...
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...Learning Objective: Demonstrate ethical and legal competence in psychological assessment 1. Ethical competence is the ability to practice assessment well, measured against a standard published by professional groups such as the American Educational Research Association (AERA). Developing a clearly defined professional relationship means that the nature, purpose, and conditions of the relationship between the clinician and client are discussed, and agreed on. Issues related to informed consent are concern over the invasion of privacy and tests discovering hidden information, and how the information is used. Many consent forms aren’t written in clear, straightforward language that can be understood by the client, and unforeseen events not covered in the form may occur. Labeling individuals with psychiatric diagnoses imposed by others can have negative consequences such as restriction of freedom. Competent use of assessment instruments includes proper training in administering and interpreting psychological tests,...
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...psychologists and those in the mental health field to understand more about disorders and behaviors. This field also shares some similarities, as well as differences, with other mental health professions. The history of clinical psychology is a rich one, and the field continues to grow. Clinical Psychology History Before psychology was a science, it was a practice. It is believed that the practice of psychology has always existed. However, the science of psychology emerged from philosophy. The many ideas and thoughts of philosophers laid the foundation of psychology (Benjamin, 2005). The field of psychology began as a mixture of philosophy, medicine, and theology. In the late 1800’s, The Elements of Psychophysics was published by Theodor Fechner, and Principles of Physiological Psychology was published by Wilhelm Wundt. These two publications allowed the explanation that physics and physiology could be used to answer questions on a psychological level. Wundt opened the first laboratory for psychology in Germany. When he opened his laboratory, psychology as a science was born. The American Psychological Association was founded, and the field of psychology blossomed from there (Plante, 2011). The field of clinical psychology was discovered just four years, when the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania was opened by Lightner Witmer. Witmer was the first psychologist to help people with particular issues by completing...
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...with the current ageing population it is likely to continue along this trend. It is currently the most common cause of hospital admission in clients over the age of 65 years and accounts for 1 - 3 % of the National Health Service’ expenditure, the majority of which is associated with inpatient care (CREST, 2005). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010) defined specialist practice as “...the exercising of higher levels of judgement, discretion and decision making in clinical care” and requires that specialist practice nurse is competent in clinical assessment and diagnosis in their area of practice. These also include the skill of advance decision making and the ability to ensure high levels of communication, consultation and collaboration with other members of allied health care professionals. Advanced skills in assessment ensure that the specialist practitioner can respond to the clients’ physical and psychological needs. Debate continues regarding...
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...Assessment Process September 07, 2013 CPSY - 6341 - 1 Assessment Process Psychologists perform an assessment to acquire vital information about clients and to execute a firm judgment to guide them while building a sound and steady foundation to start counseling procedures. In addition, the assessment process helps the psychologist to collect information and begin psychological testing that help further evaluative the client. However, a number of research grounded instruments can be used to aid in determining the clients emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functioning. Moreover, assessing and testing Sean will help to define any underlying variables that may account for his behavioral and academic problems that are not directly associated to his high levels of lead or the divorce of his parents. Furthermore, psychological testing results will further guide the psychologist with interventions and treatments that will most likely benefit Sean by providing important information. Two Potential Problems During the assessment of Sean, an eight year old child in the third grade, I came to the conclusion that two of his greatest obstacles are his parents pending divorce and the chronically elevated lead levels. According to Laureate Education, (2011) Sean has increasingly shown aggression with his peers in situations where he is both provoked, and not. In addition, he engages in physical fights with his class mates, he is irritably, shows lack of participation in the classroom...
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...which means “medical practice at the sickbed” (Maddux, 2008, p. 56), the word psychology comes from the word psyche, which means “soul or mind” (Maddux, 2008, p. 56). Clinical Psychology is “the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and disorders” (Plante, 2011, p. 5). Clinical psychology has a rich history compiled with information derived from philosophy, biology, and science. In this paper the history and the evolving nature of clinical psychology will be described as well as an explanation of the role research and statistics has on clinical psychology, and a comparison of clinical psychology to other mental health profession. The History of Clinical Psychology Greek history presented a background of early Greek thinkers, who acknowledged an interconnection between the mind and body as well as the influence the interconnection has on illnesses. One of the first contributors to psychology came from Hippocrates, who believed disease, temperament, and personality originated from an imbalance within four humors that he called black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood within an individual’s environment (Plante, 2011). Hippocrates also suggested that abnormal behavior, physical, and emotional illnesses were influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. Aristotle was another Greek, who argued a scientific basis suggesting distinct emotional periods influenced the way in which the human body functioned. Aristotle’s view of...
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...individual. However, their job does not finish when they catch the bad guy because that is just the beginning of a long work on rehabilitation to prevent by analyzing the motive of every offender and been able to prevent more crimes of occurring. Legal and Correctional Psychology follows the behavior of the offender during their time inside and outside the correctional with the only purpose to understand what lead them to offense in order to prevent more murders, suicide , child abuse and so on. In America, Forensic Psychology plays an important role in the Criminal Justice System, with special focus in Legal and Correctional Psychology. In the last 30 years Forensic Psychology has developed as a field and in 2001 was recognized by the psychological American Association (APA)( Heilbrun, K., & Brooks, S). It is well known worldwide and for helping Juries and supplying evidence on the case. It has been used to encouraged police enforcement officers to learn how to profile behaviors of offenders. Forensic Science is not only linked with clinic psychology,...
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...Article One: Objective and Projective For several years, personality tests have been used to better understand and measure an individual’s personality. The test can be helpful in many ways, such as assisting in what is the next career change, exploring one’s strengths and weaknesses, and understanding how an individual actually views themselves. The terms, objective and projective, are how psychologists classify what type of information will appear on a personality test. An article called “Advancing Personality Assessment Terminology: Time to Retire “Objective” and “Projective” As Personality Test Descriptors” written by Meyer and Kurtz describes some of the challenges with using the two terms and answers whether the terms should be replaced. Meyer and Kurtz (2006) defined objectives as “instruments in which the stimulus is an adjective, proposition, or question that is presented to a person who is required to indicate how accurately it describes his or her personality using a limited set of externally provided response options” (p.223). The tests are designed to have either a right or wrong answer and does...
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...Prevention Behavioral and Psychological Care in Weight Loss Surgery: Best Practice Update Isaac Greenberg1, Stephanie Sogg2 and Frank M. Perna3 The objective of this study is to update evidence-based best practice guidelines for psychological evaluation and treatment of weight loss surgery (WLS) patients. We performed a systematic search of English-language literature on WLS and mental health, quality of life, and behavior modification published between April 2004 and May 2007 in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Key words were used to narrow the search for a selective review of abstracts, retrieval of full articles, and grading of evidence according to systems used in established evidence-based models. Our literature search identified 17 articles of interest; 13 of the most relevant were reviewed in detail. From these, we developed evidence-based best practice recommendations on the psychological assessment and treatment of WLS patients. Regular updates of evidence-based recommendations for best practices in psychological care are required to address the impact of mental health on short- and long-term outcomes after WLS. Key factors in patient safety include comprehensive preoperative evaluation, use of appropriate and reliable evaluation instruments, and the development of short- and long-term treatment plans. Obesity (2009) 17, 880–884. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.571 Introduction Evidence-based best practice guidelines for psychological assessment and care in weight...
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...ASSESSMENT IN AN INDUTRIAL CONTEXT The assessment process in an industrial context Three broad areas in assessment in industry * First concerned with psychological measurements of attributes of individuals in the workplace. Measures used here can be classified as psychological measures or techniques * Second and third is concerned with assessment of groups and organizations and measures used are not classified as psychological measures even though the process follows a psychometric process. Assessments of individuals The goals for individual assessment in the workplace are to assess: * Individual differences for selection and employment purposes * Inter and intra individual differences for placement, training, development, compensation and reward purposes Where measures which coply with technical standards of psychometry can be used? Personal selection Two approaches used in the application of psychological measures for selection purposes are * Input based approach where individuals are compared with the job specifications in terms of their personal characteristics or personality traits, also called the psychometric evaluation of testing approach * Output based approach where individuals are compared in relation to the required output standards of a job.also called the competency assessment approach, eg the copmtency to write, use a computer programe. Measures that are used to assess the competencies of individuals should be reliable and valid even...
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...of the newly sentenced offender are fully identified and assessed whether the person can be treated in the community * To clearly identify those factors which contributed to the offenders criminal behavior * To ensure that an offender is placed at the appropriate institution based on their security and program needs and that the resources are available to them at that institution * To ensure that through the intake process community release potential is considered Offender Intake Assessment Process Herman has been sentenced 7 years in a federal institution Herman will be sent to Millhaven institution for a maximum of 72 day. 1) Herman will be interviewed by a parole officer. 2) Herman’s court, police, probation, forensic, and jail records will all be collected within 30 day of Herman’s arrival. 3) Herman takes part in a Post Community Investigation Interview. In this interview Herman’s 7 need factors with be discussed. 4) A Post Community Assessment Report will be completed on Herman using the information collected (2) and interviews that have taken place (1)(3). 5) During the interview with a parole officer,...
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