...History of African Americans and the Police The relationship between police officers and the African American communities can be understood by first understanding the policing history in the United States. Blacks were reminded of their inferior social standing through public spaces during segregation (Berrey and Foley, 2006, p. 81). African Americans were clearly suppressed by the justice system. It protected White male landowners. Experiences of African Americans led to their resistance that challenged the Jim Crow perspective of separate being equal (Berrey and Foley, 2006, p. 82). Separate but equal was merely a theory. However, in practice, the government treated Black individuals in the country as second class citizens in various settings,...
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...Police History Paper Detric Lester CJA/214 April 28, 2013 Professor Shawn R. Kehoe, MPA Throughout the course of history, American policing has been influenced heavily by the English system. England and Colonial American citizens were both responsible for law enforcement in the early stages of development in their communities. The history of policing has changed progressively over the years. In the legal system law enforcement systems evolved over a period of time causing major differences in the titles, responsibilities and credentials of police officer. The historical development of police history time line began during the Early 1630’s when Colonial America early constables and sheriffs were concerned about the behaviors of the community-approved religious attendance and the appropriate restraint of farm animals, they served court papers for a fee. In the early 1840’s Metropolitan America in New York the first full time preventive force was established, with each district having its own authority. Each ward had a separate patrol and citizens were chosen by Aldermen to be officers. Frontier America territory became a state by the early 1840’s, then sheriffs and marshals were elected in the towns and counties. New entrepreneurs elected to reduce violent crime to keep their business thriving and their town’s reputation clean. By the early 1920’s police professionalism characteristic were policies focused on law enforcement and crime control, and social service elements...
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...The History of Police Abstract This paper is about the history of police in America. This paper will describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. Also, it will discuss the different stages of police in America. In addition, it will analyze the relationship between the government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. Police history is something everyone should know about. Police have been around for a long time. The history of police is important to know about because it helps people understand why some of the policies are in place today. The United States has used methods of policing from Great Britain. There are many ways to learn about policing by studying the history of police. Police practices and logics have changed enormously over the years. It is a common misconception that policies remain the same over the years, but that is not true. Furthermore, there are different stages in the history of American police called the political era, professional era, police crisis of 1960’s, and the new development stages. America has used policies implemented by Robert Peel. Robert Peel was a political leader in England, who fought to improve law enforcement in the country. Robert Peel developed three core elements that involve mission, strategy, and organizational structure of the police. Robert Peel also introduced the police having a presence in the community (Schmalleger, 2009)...
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...The history of Police Paper Samuel G. Gilley CJA/214 – Introduction to Police Theory and Practices June 10, 2012 Judith Brodsky Abstract This paper is about the history of police in America. This paper will describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. Also, it will discuss the different stages of police in America. In addition, it will analyze the relationship between the government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. Police history is something everyone should know about. Police have been around for a long time. The history of police is important to know about because it helps people understand why some of the policies are in place today. The United States has used methods of policing from Great Britain. There are many ways to learn about policing by studying the history of police. Police practices and logics have changed enormously over the years. It is a common misconception that policies remain the same over the years, but that is not true. Furthermore, there are different stages in the history of American police called the political era, professional era, police crisis of 1960’s, and the new development stages. America has used policies implemented by Robert Peel. Robert Peel was a political leader in England, who fought to improve law enforcement in the country. Robert Peel developed three core elements that involve mission...
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...History of police William Mosley University of Phoenix The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of police specifically in America. It also seeks to discuss how Sir Robert Peel changed American policing as well as analyzing the relationship between American government and the policing organizations found in America. The history of police assists us to understand the origin of the policies we have today. The practices of police have over the years continued to change. There are four stages in the study of the history of police in America that are categorized according to the time the changes took place. These stages include the political era, professional era, the police crisis of 1960s and the new development stages. In the 1800’s police officers patrolled on foot to maintain security. They did not have police vehicles and did not carry any weapons. They also had challenges in communication as they did not have the police radios to receive and dispatch information. They were also not trained and did not have a police station. All they had was a police cap and budge. It was not until the 19th century that weapons started been used. The officers lacked job security as they could be hired and fired anytime without notice. The pay was not the same as police officers in the city earned better pay than those in the factories. Many officers were given the jobs by local politicians who were wealthy as a reward for serving them. In the professional...
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...History of Police The role of police officers is very significant to American history. Police work toward protecting citizens’ rights and helping America become the land of the free. The United States of America is built from the U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights and police play a major role in making sure American rights are met. Evolution has changed many of American history for the better; policing is part of those changes. As new issues in society arise, police must change and adapt to protect and serve the public. Early American policing strategies were based on the British model. Law enforcement was not organized until 1200 A.D. offenders were pursued by an organized posse. If offenders were caught they were usually tortured and faced public execution. Rarely did they have trials and instead of innocent until proven guilty it was the other way around, citizens were usually guilty before any evidence or testimony. “An early form of police patrol in English cities and towns” (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 153), is called a night watch. The primary purpose of a night watch was to watch out for fires and thieves. Next became the day watch their job was the same as night watch, but in the day. Followed by the Statute of Winchester which is a “law, written in 1285, that created a watch and ward system in English cities and towns and that codified early police practices” (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 153). This law had four main components, which were specified the watch in towns, mandated...
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...surround this case. Was it an inside job that had been carefully planned? Was it the result of skillful fabrication done by investigators and police to wrongfully accuse one man? Or was the verdict correct and it was all done by one man alone? The question still remains, who kidnapped the Lindbergh baby? Due to the considerable evidence against Bruno Hauptmann, it is believed that Mr. Hauptmann was the one to kidnap...
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...Applying the Lessons of History to Modern Police Leadership Training _________________ A Leadership White Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Required for Graduation from the Leadership Command College _________________ By Kenneth W. Sidenblad Bee Cave Police Department Bee Cave, Texas Date Submitted (month year) ABSTRACT Law enforcement continues to move in the direction of a profession and away from being only a vocation. Police officers of today are better trained and educated than at any time in the past. This demands police leaders be up to the challenge to lead them. Law enforcement leaders must enhance their knowledge and incorporate training ideas in use by other professions. Applying lessons from academic subject material is an important part of leadership development in many professions, and should be emphasized in training future police leaders. This will enable law enforcement leaders to develop as leaders in a profession. One academic subject used in other professions to develop leaders is the study of history. History provides a wealth of material from which valuable insights and examples of leadership may be drawn from. Lessons drawn from history are used by other professions to enhance the quality of leadership within those professions. Leadership lessons from history should be incorporated into modern police leadership training. Material supporting the importance of history as leadership training was...
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...Police Influence on Society Antonio Montoya CJA/334 March 15, 2015 John France Police Influence on Society Problems between law enforcement and ethnic and social class groups have always existed. It is hard to believe that law enforcement has discriminated in the past. Many persons argue that police officers may arrest other ethnic groups compared to other one's such as African American, Hispanic, or Asian before they would arrest a Caucasian. Some persons may also believe that a police officer will arrest a person coming from a lesser socioeconomic class before arresting a person from a more wealthy place. However, the bad thing, is that even though the criminal justice system denies these types of accusations, history has proven opposite. History of Policing Long time ago law enforcement officers were for the most part Caucasian males, and their height had to be five foot 10 inches or above. Even though this particular requirement does not exist today, before when it was taken into consideration it meant that Hispanics and Asians could not even try looking forward to a career in law enforcement. As for Africans Americans they were in fact able to meet the height requirement, but unfortunately other discrimination practices stopped them from advancing to higher rank. The good thing is that later on a law passed which was "The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion...
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...POLICE HISTORY PAPER 1 Police History Paper CJA/214 6/10/2013 POLICE HISTORY PAPER 2 History of Police Police a constituted of persons powered by the state enforcing the law, limit civil disorder, and protect property. Police forces are separate from military of the state, policing dealing with different situations giving protection of private property and maintain class system. Sheriffs, rangers, troopers, or even civil guards is the name for police with the word police coming from Greek (Wikipedia, 2013). Police are more in conflict with individuals many slang terms used for police officers centuries old with lost etymology. Different jurisdictions police officers have different firearms, but in Ireland, United Kingdom, New Zeal and, Norway and Malta specialist units do not carry firearms. Police have handcuffs to restrain their suspects and use their hand guns when needed the last resort to use. Police officers stay communicating with their radios carried on them in also inside their patrol vehicles. Some police vehicles unmarked for criminal without alerting them they are coming they can make a move without criminals noticing them. Motorcycles used in policing making it to locations that the vehicles cannot...
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...African Americans have fought against slavery, segregation, and racism in politics since they arrived in the United States. From the beginning of the slave trade to the present times in the United States, African Americans have fought to be seen as worthy of having a place in this country. African Americans have had to work for political freedom; it was not handed to them. The African American struggle began when they forcibly became slaves in America. Even when they were declared free, they were not seen as equal to whites and had to fight for civil rights. After earning civil rights, they still had to fight to live among white people and no longer be segregated. Today, there is an ongoing struggle of racism and discrimination in America....
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...The United States has a very strong and lengthy history in regards to the policing system. This system of rules is required to maintain a sense of normalcy that can be viewed as being free from harm in the communities. Policing overtime has proven to be effective after years of improvements and changes. Policing can be dated as far back as 1066. During this time American law enforcement was inherited much of how Great Britain. The communities were based on their behaviors and moral other than their criminal problems. According to (Grant & Terry, 2012) Sir Robert Peel found a way to create London Metropolitan Police system. He created what was lacking in the discipline of England. His envisions help shape the policing of modern day (Walker-Katz, 2008). He made an impact on the practice of policing that will for be used for centuries to come. The first Europeans had to establish a way to protect themselves and with that they established policing. This responsibility was left up to the well and able bodied men and boys at that time (Sabath). During this time policing took on two forms informal and communal, which was called “The Big Stick” (Spitzer, 1979). The informal policing consisted of private citizens and English counterparts The community or communal policing also had a great effective on the method of policing during that time. A system referred to as the watch system was developed by community volunteers that would warn if danger occurred. Many different cities participated...
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...movement, origination in the African- American community, that campaigns against police killings of black people and broader issues of racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the USA. Black people want all the people to hear their voice. So, the government can’t ignore them. African American realize if they can’t strong, racial discriminate will aways insist. That’s why they need to create the movement, and they know they can’t keep silence. When the murdered killed Trayvon Martinm, and the murdered is acquittal. In “The Challenges of Teaching about the Black Lives Matter movement: A Dialogue” Troka and Adedoja demonstrate the historical are...
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...Police History LaShawn Green CJA/214 November 12, 2012 Luis Martinez Sir Robert Peel created the London Metropolitan Police District in the year of 1829. He was a strong believer that the prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of other citizens. He also wanted to prove that it was possible to reform a variety of criminals and not just punish them. By creating the development of the London Metropolitan Police District, Sir Robert Peel came up with nine principles that are very relevant today’s society just as they were back in the 1800’s. According to "From The 'Lectric Law Library's Stacks Community Policing: Learning The Lessons Of History" (2012), these principles include the use of crime rates to determine the effectiveness of the police, the importance of a centrally located, publicly accessible police headquarters, and the value of proper recruitment, selection, and training. American police developed similarities to the London Metropolitan Police District. Majority of the U.S. cites established municipal police departments that came together as uniformed officers in paramilitary-style organizations serving the interests of the politically powerful. The American police officers carried around guns and operated under the command of local precinct captains politically appointed. As the turn of the century approached, the progress of the police movement began to promote professionalism in the law enforcement world. “While the...
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...attraction and tourist may come to witness the skyscrapers or to visit the monumental Statue of Liberty. However, even some New Yorkers don’t know the history behind what makes New York the city it is now. New York is a diverse metropolis, which has a notorious history. It can be imagined as an army of soldiers with war scars. One of those solider is the Neighborhood “Harlem”, one of its biggest scars is the Harlem Riot of 1935, which was the result of the poor economic standards in Harlem and the Police Brutality. Harlem is famous for its cultural movement, which is known as the Harlem Renaissance, or the New Negro Movement. There’s a quote by Martin Luther King Jr. which is mentioned in his acceptance speech for his Noble Peace Prize, “I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality... I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word.” The Harlem Riots of 1935 was simply another attack to help end the battle of racism. According to Wang, Tabitha C in her online article, Harlem Race Riot (1935) the riot occurred on March 19, 1935, when a 16-year-old black Puerto Rican teenager stole a 10-cent knife from a store called Kress Five and Ten on 125th Street. Soon after Police officials detained Rivera, no charges were made against him. In the heat of the moment, crowds began to emerge in front of the store and much rumor...
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