...Wide Web History Bubble History of the WWW ECOM 210 World Wide Web History Introduction Founded in 1989 the World Wide Web went from an impossible idea to a worldwide phenomenon that has fused itself into the needs of the people. I remember years ago when computers were just those gross green screened monitors that only allowed you to type a report. Now with the help of the internet our use of computer technology has reached amazing heights. We can reach people around the world with just a click of a mouse. “The web has changed the world. It has arguably become the most powerful communication medium the world has ever known” (webfoundation.org). Reading the webs history helps me to really see how the development of this great tool has geared us to an era of becoming completely technically inclined. The web is available everywhere you go from restaurants to coffee shops also with it being a feature on your mobile device it never leaves the side of the consumer. Internet access has become just as much of a need as toilet paper. In most cases jobs, schools and so on has built there curriculum and foundation around it. Without the web we would not have achieved the ability to have direct access to our bank accounts via applications or to send an email picture of friends and family to others around the globe. Although I grew up in the early 80’s at the peak of technology before the internet even existed I now cannot imagine a world without it. “The Internet is here to...
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...The Internet Bubble Fundamentals of E-Commerce Instructor: Scott Howell Student: Lisa Mercer May 27, 2012 Introduction Within the past decades of the internet first being established the lives of everyday Americans and the world have changed greatly. Businesses have changed and evolved greatly with the access to the internet, as many are able to purse dreams of starting a business and possibly making millions. The internet has opened the doors for many to communicate with each other, receive daily news, and to do shopping. The upcoming of possibilities through the internet also led to irrational decisions brought on by greed from investors that made way for the Dot Com Bubble. History of Internet A pioneer of the creation the internet was Tim Berners-Lee. Though the internet didn’t become wide spread until the early 1990s the making of the World Wide Web can be traced back into the 1980s. Berners-Lee tried to sell his creation to the company that he was working for in Switzerland, but they were slow to acknowledge his efforts.(Griffin, 2000) With that Berners-Lee turned to the internet community in 1991 making his World Wide Web browser and web server software available. (Griffin, 2000) Many enthusiasts began setting up their own web servers around the world. Many scientists were already using the internet to share information found it easier to post their information on the web and wait for a reply. With some government agencies having the responsibility...
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...Dot-Com Bubble Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Causes ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Effects ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Lessons learnt.......................................................................................................................................... 7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Appendix ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Reference List ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract This report presents an analysis of a stock market bubble, well known as “dot-com bubble”, which developed roughly during a period from 1995 to 2000, and ended up in 2001. The report discusses...
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...The Internet Bubble Burst Sandra D’Adamo Intro to E-Commerce March 27, 2014 Professor MacKenzie Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3 How the World Wide Web Began………………………………………………………….4 Tim Berners Lee……………………………………………………………………………4 How the Bubble Inflated…………………………………………………………………..5 How the Bubble Popped…………………………………………………………………..6 What Lessons were Learned……………………………………………………………….7 Could it have been Stopped………………………………………………………………… Introduction The internet bubble history started in 1993 with the public being able to access the World Wide Web. The WWW was inflated with the overpriced investment returns from 1994 through 2000. The bubble of the WWW busted wide open in 2001. At that time the Nasdaq was often quoted as a big indicator of the bubble. During that time the Nasdaq rose from around $750 dollars to approximately $5130 dollars. That was and incredible increase of about 682% from January 1995 continuing through March 2000. During this time the industry was focusing primarily on computer software. They focused on this due to the high profit margin for the software. In this paper I will explore the many avenues of how the WWW was created and the rise and fall of the internet creation. Figure [ 1 ] flatworldbusiness.worldpr How the World Wide Web Industry Began In the beginning ideas for the WWW go back as far as 1946. A gentleman named Murray Leinster wrote a story that talked about Logics also known as computers...
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...The Dot com boom/bust An economic bubble exists whenever the price of an asset that may be freely exchanged in a well-established market first soars to levels that cannot be justified (Ironman, 2010). ‘Investors’ push the price of the asset up by irrationally purchasing it. Eventually, the market realizes that the asset price is unjustified and the bubble bursts. More often than not, the bust happens in an all-of-a-sudden manner resulting in people losing huge sums of money. At the same time, these boom/ bust cycle has its beneficiaries, institutions and individuals who make huge amounts of money by ‘surfing’ the bubble or by fuelling it. In the case of the dot com boom, the culprits were the investment banks and some venture capital firms. Events leading up to failure One of the issues that I believe to be partly responsible for the dot com boom happened when the Taxpayer Relief act of 1997 lowered the maximum tax rate on capital gains for individual investors from 28 percent to 20 percent for assets held for more than 18 months. This perspective, proposed by Zhonglan Dai, Douglas A. Shackelford and Harold H. Zhang. In “Capital Gains Taxes and Stock Return Volatility: Evidence from the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997“highlighted the fact that non- and lower dividend paying stocks experienced a larger volatility than high dividend-paying stocks. Stock volatility was substantially higher after 1997 and this may have contributed to the inflation of the bubble. It was not the main cause...
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...The Dot.com Bubble The mid-1990s marked the beginning of a new form of market environment that one could do business through the Internet. This was also the beginning of the so-called dot.com boom in the Spring of 1995 and it would later go bust in the fall of 2000. A year after the bubble burst, 327 companies remained but every one of them experienced the stock price slide beginning in September of 2000 (Becker, 2006, p.34). Amazon.com is the first major company that attempted to use the Internet to offer and sell products. In addition to the companies that sell online, companies that provided telecommunications and Internet support were also born such as Cisco Systems and Lucent Technologies (p.34). Other companies entered the market to provide web browsers such as Netscape. Another segment in this market is the service providers that provided users access to the Internet such as America Online and CompuServe (p.34). Finally, there are websites that offer web content and information for sale (p.35). These online companies, in order to raise capitalization either approached venture capitalists for financing or offer their stocks to the public. Becker (2006) cited that nature of these IPOs from online companies as “examples of speculative bubble” (p.41). A bubble or boom results from assets being over valued and they continue to rise for an extended period (p.41). In bubbles or booms, there is also the element that involves behavior – crowd or herd. Although many were initially...
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...dit NMIMS | The World .com fall - IT Bubble burst | | Poleswar Rao V | | INTRODUCTION The dot-com industry began in the early 1990s as a collection of startup companies using the Internet as their primary means to conduct business. These companies typically used the “.com” suffix in their company names, such as Amazon.com, and proliferated in the late 90’s with the massive investments in Internet-related stocks and enterprises. But with the failure and consolidation of many of these companies their numbers have since dwindled. The catastrophic collapse of the dot-coms that shook the U.S. economy started in May 2000. More than 210 dotcom companies failed in 2000 and a total of 762 dot-coms closed for the period January 2000 to December 2001. Since many of these dot-coms began to lay off their staff, the unemployment rate also increased from 3.9% to 6% by 2002. The dot-com bubble burst because the boom was based on the false premise that new technology would eliminate the need for brick-and-mortar stores as this new business model would supplant the old one, thereby converting the “Old Economy,” which is based on the production of physical goods into a “New Economy,” which is based on heavy use of information and communication technology. Although a great deal can be learned from examining the dot-com successes, it is equally important to study reasons for the failures. Examining the mistakes made by the dot-coms can provide insight into the evolution of e-commerce...
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...History of the Web The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and also known as The Web. With a web browser, you can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them by using hyperlinks. Invented by Tim Berners-Lee software engineer at CERN, realized there was a need because many scientists participated in experiments at CERN for extended periods of time, then returned to their laboratories around the world. These scientists were eager to exchange data and results, but had difficulties doing so. Tim understood this need, and understood the unrealized potential of millions of computers connected together through the Internet. Wide Web in 1989 was established. By Christmas 1990, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for a working Web. It proved successful when they put the CERN telephone directory on the web previously users had to log onto the mainframe in order to look up phone numbers. Paul Kunz from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center visited CERN in September 1991, and was captivated by the Web. He brought the NeXT software back to SLAC, where librarian Louise Addis adapted it for the VM/CMS operating system on the IBM mainframe as a way to display SLACÕs catalog of online documents; this was the first web server outside of Europe and the first in North America. On August 6, 1991, Berners-Lee posted a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the alt.hypertext newsgroup. This date also marked the...
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...it must ensure that it retains its ability to enter and support new markets that will be in demand in the near future. Some details they may want to consider focusing on could be their technical support, Research and Development (R&D), departmental management, and coming out with products that are relevant and necessary for the market to achieve further expansion. The company’s strength and history has proven to be a success through various acquisitions and product innovations such as their “BIG-IP Suite” which offers management software to handle network traffic, policy, security, firewall, and enterprise management. F5's ability to sustain, develop and effectively utilize distribution relationships will determine its short-term success for the remainder of 2013 while still maintaining a steady margin above any of its competitors. F5's ability to attract, train and retain qualified product development, marketing, sales, and customer support personnel and its ability to expand in international markets will determine its long-term financial viability.[2] Company Profile and History F5 focuses the majority of its resources on a particular area of the market dealing with Application Delivery Networking (ADN) technology. This technology focuses on the delivery of security, performance, availability of servers, data storage devices, and other network applications. The ADN is...
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...Its characterized by knowledge based society imbued with a high-tech global economy. This is what a famous New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman deems as Flattening 3.0. Phase 3.0 is distinguished through the globalization of individual. Flattening 1.0 (1400 – 1800) was based on mostly on states globalizing, then 2.0 (1800 – 2000) was corporations. IT is prevalent factor in the process of globalization. With computer infrastructure growing seemingly over night access to information and other people followed tail. The dot com bubble spanned from 1997 to 2000 with it ending with NASDAQ stocks peaking at 5,132.52. This internet boom was started by the advent of the web and Mosaic browser in 1993. Hyper Text Markup Language was created by Tim Bernes-Lee for writing web pages and supported linking users from one page to another. This web programming language real only took off when Netscape, a US computer service company, made it user friendly. The internet ushered in new age of commerce. Anyone no matter where they are, could access other markets across the globe with a few mouse clicks. The ascension of Windows based personal computers eliminated many barriers that prevented globalization. Fiber-optic cable systems were implemented in roughly 1977. These cables are made of pure glass and allow for digital packets of information to be sent. Amongst the other forms of transmission cables, fiber-optic has a significantly higher bandwidth capability. In 1996 Telecom companies...
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...biggest merger in U.S. business history, and it received so much press and hype it seemed that the predominance of internet over previous media was finalized. A lot of people have believed that this particular union was a symbol of an exciting future of collaboration between the worldwide internet and the television. Many of those individuals that was observing this merger foreseen that this would be a magnificent collaboration. And with Time Warner's valuable collection of movies, music as well as printed media that is being presented to the AOL's clientele by the means of the internet. The result of the deal is reminisced less for its dimension and much more for being the poorest amalgamation in history. Ultimately these two corporations split in 2009. In the end, AOL and Time Warner’s worth as a unified company withered down from $300 billion when they initially merged all the way down to what they declared to just about $40 billion when they parted ways. What they envisioned wasn’t a bad decision because we're seeing movies, TV, and music scattered all online by way of Apple, Google, Amazon and others. However, in the collaboration, there were many culture clashes, leadership blunders and effectively buff out all the kinks and twists with delivering media online which has been proven to be problematic. In the end, AOL’s bursting dot com bubble provided a proportion of its aforementioned value. Reference The Biggest Business Blunders in History (November 7, 2013). Retrieved...
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...During the 1950s, the Korean War, the Algerian War, the Cold War and other political tensions such as the Cuban Revolution, as well as widespread political and economic changes in Africa during the initial stages of European Decolonization, did not stop the Dow's bullish climb higher. Additionally, the U.S. would also make its way through two grinding recessions; one in 1953 and another in 1958. A 200% increase in the average from a level of 206 to 616 ensued over the course of that decade. The Dow fell 22.61% on Black Monday (1987) from about the 2,500 level to around 1,750. Two days later, it rose 10.15% above the 2,000 level for a mild recovery attempt. The Dow's bullish behavior began to stall during the 1960s as the U.S. became entangled with foreign political issues. U.S. military excursions included the Bay of Pigs Invasion involving Cuba, the Vietnam War, the Portuguese Colonial War, theColombian civil war which the U.S. assisted with short-lived counter-guerrilla campaigns, as well as domestic issues such as theCivil Rights Movement and several influential political assassinations. For the decade though, and despite a mild recession between 1960 and 1961, the average still managed a respectable 30% gain from the 616 level to 800. The 1970s marked a time of economic uncertainty and troubled relations between the U.S. and certain Middle-Eastern countries. To begin with, the decade started off with the ongoing Recession of 1969–70. Following that, the 1970s Energy Crisisensued...
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...Table of Contents OVERVIEW 3 PART ONE (IN DEPTH) 4 SWOT Analysis 4 Value Proposition 5 Business Models 5 Revenue 6 Operation 6 Market Plan 6 Operation Flows 7 Payment Methods 7 PART TWO (EVALUATION) 9 Website Overview 9 Website Evaluation 13 Table of Figures Figure 1: Front Page………………………………………………... 10 Figure 2: Holiday Deals……………………………………………. 11 Figure 3: Holiday Deals …………………………………………… 11 Figure 4: Products………………………………………………….. 12 Figure 5: Products & Customer Recent History..…………...……... 12 Figure 6: Various Services…………………………………………. 13 OVERVIEW The company was founded in July 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The company began as an offline bookstore. While the largest brick-and-mortar bookstores and mail-order catalogs might offer 200,000 titles, an online bookstore could sell far more. Bezos wanted a name for his company that began with "A" so that it would appear early in alphabetic order. He began looking through the dictionary and settled on "Amazon" because it was a place that was "exotic and different" and it was one of the biggest rivers in the world, as he hoped his company would be. Since 2000, Amazon's logotype is an arrow leading from A to Z, representing that they carry every product from A to Z. Amazon was incorporated in 1994, in the state of Washington. In July, 1995, the company began service and sold its first book on Amazon.com Douglas Hofstadter's Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms...
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...reviewed and investigated: 1. The pricing of financial assets; 2. The portfolio choice and trading decisions of investors; 3. The behavior of firm managers; 4.2 A “Bubble” is an episode in which irrational thinking or a friction causes the price of an asset to rise to a level that is higher than it would be in the absence of the friction or the irrationality; and, moreover, the price level is such that a rational observer, armed with all available information, would forecast a low long-term return on the asset (Barberis, 2010). 4.3 Two categories of theories explaining “Bubble Formation” (Why an asset class might become overvalued): 1. “Investor Beliefs Based” theories; 2. “Investor Preferences Based” theories; 4.4 Three “Belief-Based” theories of “Bubble Formation” (Barberis, 2010): First theory argues that a bubble forms when investors disagree sharply about an asset’s future prospects and there are short-sale constraints. Second theory argues that bubbles arise because investors extrapolate past outcomes – returns, earnings growth, or default rates – too far into the future. Third theory is based on overconfidence – specifically, on the idea that people overestimate the precision of their forecasts (overconfidence on reliability of favorable information). 1 4.5 Two “Preference-Based” theories in “Bubble Formation”: First theory argues that investors become less risk averse because of “House Money Effect”, which in short, means having experienced gains, they are less...
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...Case Study: Strategic IT Transformation at Accenture An introduction to Accenture • Accenture today is a multinational management consulting, technology services, and outsourcing company. • Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland • World’s Largest IT Consulting firm by revenue • In 2014, reported net revenue of 30 billion • 305,000 employees world wide • Servicing clients in more than 200 cities and 56 countries History of Accenture • Started out as Andersen Consulting a division of the accounting firm Arthur Andersen. • In 2001 Andersen Consulting split away from its parent company and became Accenture. • To support its launch, Accenture had the right to use Andersen’s Technology infrastructure for one year. Problems with the Old IT Infrastructure • Andersen’s systems were composed of a patchwork of legacy applications that did not interconnect. • Key systems and Databases could not be accessed remotely through the internet. • Each Office had adopted their own accounting and HR Software systems, making it difficult to get a status of the whole Organization at any one time. Problems with the Old IT Infrastructure Changing the approach to IT • Accenture due to the split had a rare opportunity for an organization of its size; To build its IT infrastructure from Scratch. • Accenture had to change the conceptual approach to internal IT and its perception. • IT would be run as a business within a business rather than as a cost center as had been traditionally done. Changing the...
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