...The Human Immune Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have been identified as a major threat to pastoral communities over East Africa. The regional governments have given little attention to this problem due to the perception that Pastoralisms is economically inefficient and environmentally destructive. The study was carried over Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda to assess the current state of HIV/AIDS prevalence amongst the pastoral communities using desktop review and expert judgment opinion. In Kenya, about 8million people of Kenyan population depend on pastoralism. In Tanzania the livestock sector contributes about 6.1% to the national Gross Domestic Products (GDP). In Uganda 17% of GDP is accounted for by the sector and about 9% of the national GDP in Ethiopia. In the pastoral districts the average prevalence of HIV/AIDS amongst the community is estimated at 5.7% with this figure expected to increase. The infection rates are being accelerated by factors related to human rights and gender, socio-cultural environment and lack of HIV/AIDS awareness and stigmatization. The HIV/AIDS is not recognized at policy level as a major problem facing Pastoralisms yet the statistics show increasing population of HIV/AIDS victims. The communities refuse to admit the presence and impact of HIV/AIDS within their families with high stigma attached to the affected and infected. The number of livestock has been diminishing through sales to pay the medical expenses...
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...Epidemiology in HIV & Community Nursing Practice Tiffany Gomez Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS 427 Kelly Davis May 10, 2015 Epidemiology in HIV & Community Nursing Practice Identifying and understanding the associated risk factors with the acquisition and transmission of HIV as well as the development of AIDS progression in all persons are critical components in the fight against this disease (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NIH], 2013, para. 1). The HIV epidemic continues to be a growing concern as the pace of new infections continues at a high levels. (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2009, p. 1). The excessive burden of HIV/AIDS is neither unavoidable nor acceptable. It is possible to end the U.S epidemic but such a realization will require a throughout understanding of HIV in relation to demographics, social determinants of health, the epidemiological model, the role of the community health nurse as well as organizations that work to address HIV/AIDS. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which quite simply means that it can only affect human beings and does so by weakening key aspects of the immune system so that the body has very limited capacity to fight infections. HIV can only be contracted through bodily fluid exposure. The body typically is able to rid itself of viruses completely but that is what differentiates HIV from other viruses; once you have it, you have it for life (Department...
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...| Disparity of Healthcare for AIDS/HIV Patients | Lana Iris English 12312/15/14 | Disparity of Healthcare with Patients with AIDS/HIV For the last thirty years AIDS/HIV has been a controversial topic, but more recently, the disease itself has not been controversial but the disparity in receiving proper care both in prevention modalities and active treatment for the disease. While the Obama administration has taken steps toward the elimination of these disparities through the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Implementation Plan, there is still much work to be done. This brief highlights underexplored explanations for these disparities and outlines possible solutions to begin addressing them. Oftentimes, popular culture has offered unfortunately erroneous explanations for the stark racial disparate impact of HIV/ AIDS. The mass media, for example, has suggested that black men “on the down low” infect black women by secretly sleeping with male partners, acting as a bisexual “bridge” between gay and straight communities. But public health scholars have found little support for this theory. Many may assume that black people suffer from greater HIV prevalence because they are considered less sexually responsible than whites. Yet several studies have shown that black women and black men who have sex with men—the two groups most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS—have similar numbers of sexual partners and use condoms as often as their white counterparts. Thus, behavioral risk factors...
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...Conclusions about HIV Youth Intervention Programs Laurie Blake, Karen Gividen, Judy Kintner, Andrea Plati, Casey Thompson NURS 6030- 4 The Practice of Population-Based Care Walden University August 14, 2011 Drawing Conclusions about HIV Youth Intervention Programs Team E investigated the topic of young people in the United States who continue to be at risk for human immunosuppressive virus (HIV). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) describes young people as individuals ages 13-24 (CDC, 2008). The team focused on education and prevention interventions for fighting the spread of HIV in the youth population. The members of Team E researched intervention programs and conducted personal interviews to formulate recommendations for a director of a public health department regarding appropriate education programs and prevention interventions which could be implemented by the health department to fight the spread of HIV in youth. Intervention Programs to Educate Youth Several interventions will be included in the education plan for youth age 13-24. The plan will address the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the known correlation of early sexual activity and development of STDs with increased risk of contracting HIV (HAHSTA Annual Report, 2010). To reach the largest population of youth, we will partner with public and private middle schools, high schools, Boys and Girls Clubs, teen pregnancy clinics, and local churches and community groups...
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...The Global Impact of HIV Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V The Global Impact of HIV Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a non-curable disease that was discovered in 1983. HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells, also known as T cells. Over time HIV continues to multiply in the body and destroy the cells that help the body to fight infection. With the continuous break down of the body’s immune system the body becomes a target for opportunistic cancers and infections to take advantage. Signs and symptoms of HIV vary from person to person and may take weeks to month to develop any type of symptoms, some people will show no signs at all. During the early stages of infection common signs will result in flu-like symptoms such as, fever, chills, night sweats, mouth ulcers, sore throat, ect. As HIV continues to progress in to the clinical latency stage, also known as “chronic HIV infection” there is very low levels of disease reproduction. During this stage of infection patients may have very mild symptoms or none at all. The last stage of HIV is the progression to AIDs. During this stage of the disease patients will commonly experience flu-like symptoms accompanied by rapid weight loss, fatigue, swelling of lymph node, discomfort of mouth, anus, or genitals, discoloration of skin or inner mouth, eyelids or nose. Patients may also experience depression, memory loss and other neurologic disorders. Although these are common signs and symptoms the...
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...with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. HIV is caused by retrovirus. It is similar to other viruses such as the flu virus, but the only difference is that once a person gets in contact with retrovirus the person is infected with HIV for the rest of their life. The virus spreads when in it comes in contact with human tissue. The virus infects human CD4 cell and weakens the immune system that fights against infection. There is no cure for AIDS /HIV but there are medications to slow the progression of the disease. “HIV can be prevented by screening before pregnancy, protected sex, use of sterile syringes or needles, and screening of blood before transfusion” (Daar &Mark, 2012). A person infected with HIV develops flu-like symptoms within a month or two after the virus enters the body. These symptoms may last for several months to several years till person becomes symptomatic. The early symptoms are swollen lymph glands mainly on neck ulcers on the mouth or genitals, sore throat, and joint pain. The HIV infection, if not treated, can progress to AIDS in about 10 years. The clinical manifestations of AIDS may affect other organs in the system, including more serious infections, fatigue, fever, diarrhea, weight loss, fungal infection of nails and malignancies (Daar & Marks, 2012). Epidemiology evidence indicates that HIV is transmitted through blood, body fluid, seminal fluid, amniotic fluid, breast milk, and vaginal secretions. HIV can be mainly transmitted by unprotected...
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...EVALUATION Caring For Populations Part 3-Nursing Interventions and Evaluation Alexis Hunter Chamberlain College of Nursing NR443 Community Health Nursing Summer Semester 2010 Nursing Interventions and Evaluation: Human Immunodeficiency Virus: (HIV) HIV infection remains a significant problem in Duval County, Florida. This disease significantly affects many communities and Duval County shares one of the highest HIV rates in America. One reason why Duval County faces higher rates of infection is because of the high minority population. Also, high levels of poverty and unemployment can make it difficult for a person to maintain health insurance to access their primary care provider and get the necessary treatment for HIV. Social stigma also plays a part in and negative attitudes of the community can prevent a person from seeking treatment or even testing for HIV. In this paper, three community health interventions that will address the main factors that contribute to HIV infection will be discussed. The best defense against HIV is educating the public about the disease. Regular testing for HIV is very important as well. The first intervention would to be involved in a local testing center and be able to test individuals as well as educate them on the disease. The majority of people at risk for HIV are located in the downtown area. There is a large homeless population and most lack insurance or funds to obtain a primary care physician. Many...
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...First of all an article review is a writing giving your opinion on certain thing. It could be a product, a service, a movie, a book or even an article. Writing an article could be a little bit challenging for some people, but is not have to be hard. I am going to give you 5 tips on how to write an effective article review. 1. Research. If you going to talk about a service or product you have to know it well. Even the experience use in it would be very helpful. You have to know their uses. If you do not have used the product or service research about people who tried it. Writing about an article or movie well you know what you have to do, read it and see it. 2. Introduction paragraph. Give a brief overview of what is about, with no details. A few main points will be fine. 3. Give information. A description of what does, benefits or importance for the user. 4. Critique. This is the most important part of the article. Why did you recommend it? Why not recommend it? Give your opinion of why you like it or not. You can compare it to others similar to it as well. 5. Wrap it up. Make a conclusion of why you recommend it or not. There you have it. Follow this simple 5 steps and you can write effective article reviews and doing it fast. If you have questions or want to see some samples about articles review you can visit my blog. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4513664 Here's an example of how a completed online article review looks, right out of our method; "The...
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...HIV Epidemiology Patricia Mayer Grand Canyon University NRS 427V Sarah Hathcock April 25, 2015 HIV Epidemiology Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. The body is not able to rid itself of the human immunodeficiency virus, so once a person has the virus, they have it for life (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Currently there is no safe or effective cure for HIV, but with the proper medical care, it can be controlled and drastically prolong the life of someone infected with HIV which can also lower their chances of infecting others with the virus. The virus attacks the T cells in the body and over time it can do away with so many of the cells that the body cannot fight off infections or diseases. It is at that point when HIV infections becomes AIDS (CDC, 2015). Causes and Symptoms HIV is believed to originally be caused by coming into contact with the blood of infected chimps and monkeys in Africa during butchering and cooking, which allowed the cross contamination into humans. HIV is a slow virus, which means it could take anywhere for five to ten years after infection for the symptoms to appear (Meyer & Adler, 2014). There are three stages of HIV and the person can transmit the virus during any stage. The first stage is acute infection it happens two to four weeks after infection with HIV, the person will have flu-like symptoms, during this stage large amounts of...
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...Professor Sandra Winters To The Funding Agency for HIV/AIDS: There are many low socio-economic communities in Miami-Dade County that have a certain thing in common; these communities are plagued with co-morbid health issues. Prevalent in one particular community is the instance of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses among 18-24 year olds, according to Sigma Theta Tau initiatives and the United Nations, one goal is to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. A few of these goals are By 2015, halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and by 2010, achieve universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all of those who need it (http://www.nursingsociety.org). In order for this goal to be realized, it is up to us as nurses within these communities to provide proper education and preventative care, but resources are needed. According to Hope for Miami, Miami-Dade has the 4th highest HIV/AIDS rate of all major US cities and the highest teen pregnancy rate in Florida. Many small non-profit agencies are eager to help those in need but often don’t have the capacity or resources to effectively do so (http://www.fcfcfl.org). In order to provide this community with care, we have to make attempts to get rid of the health inequity. During a windshield survey around this community many signs of decay were noticed and among these dilapidated structures stood many young mothers with children and many unemployed persons. Many of these community members do not have the means to get around...
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...10 Combination HIV Prevention: Tailoring and Coordinating Biomedical, Behavioural and Structural Strategies to Reduce New HIV Infections A UNAIDS Discussion Paper UNAIDS – JC2007 (English original, September 2010) © Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2010. All rights reserved. Publications produced by UNAIDS can be obtained from the UNAIDS Content Management Team. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate UNAIDS publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution— should also be addressed to the Content Management Team at the address below, or by fax, at +41 22 791 4835, or e-mail: publicationpermissions@unaids.org. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNAIDS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by UNAIDS in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by UNAIDS to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any...
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...HIV Epidemiology John Lamb Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V June 3, 2014 HIV Epidemiology The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that is similar to other types of viruses, such as the common cold or the influenza virus, but there is one aspect that is very different. A person’s body is usually able to take care of common viruses within a few weeks. With HIV, the body cannot do this; the immune system can't get rid of it. There is no cure, meaning that once you have it, it’s there for life. HIV is a persistent problem for the United States (US) and progress has been made in prevention and treatment of HIV, there is still much work and teaching to do (AIDS.gov, 2014). HIV can be spread by sexual contact that includes any exchange of bodily fluids. It can also pass through the blood and can be transmitted with a needle stick, sharing needle, mother to fetus, breast milk or in the past, blood transfusions although the later has been greatly eliminated due to blood testing. According to the CDC, “About 1.1 million people in the United States were living with HIV at the end of 2010, the most recent year this information was available. Of those people, about 16% do not know they are infected.” (Center for Disease Control, 2013). HIV can leave you vulnerable to illness because it attacks your immune system and may also leave a person vulnerable to certain cancers and infections. These opportunistic infections attack...
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...HIV/AIDS is an epidemic that affects people from all over the world, all ages, all races. People can be living with HIV and people could not tell by looking at a person he or she has the virus.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)is a virus that attacks the cells in the body's immune system, it tries to fight the virus but eventually the virus wins. Once the virus takes over it weakens the immune system that the immune system cannot fight against infections. People who have HIV can take medications to slow down the process. A person who has HIV does not necessarily have to get AIDS. In 1981, a new fatal, infectious disease was diagnosed as AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The first cases that were reported in 1981 were of homosexual men with lung type infections and tumors that had what we call AIDS now. Now we know that the most common ways in which HIV is being spread is through sexual contact, sharing needles, and by transmission from infected mothers to their newborns during pregnancy, labor or breastfeeding. We know that most cases of children under the age of 13 that have HIV got it from their mothers. “By the end of 2007, the CDC (center for disease control) estimates that 468,578 people were living with AIDS in America.” http://www.cdc.gov/az/a.html. These CDC statistics show that blacks make up the majority ethnic group that is infected with AIDS. "The CDC also shows that 75% of all people living with AIDS are over the age of 13 and are men. " http://www...
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...HIV Disclosure to Sexual Partners an Ethics Study Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a prominent disease in the United States today. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately fifty thousand Americans will be newly diagnosed with HIV this year alone (Basic Statistics, 2014). Although HIV can be transmitted in several ways the most common ways are via sexual transmission or intravenous drug use. Therefore there has always been a stigma attached to HIV – even for those who are in the health profession. A nurse who has been in this vocation for twenty years will probably be able to tell you of a nurse who refused to take care of an HIV patient. Nursing has come a long way since the 1980s, when HIV became known. However, there are still issues that a nurse may face today. One of these issues is when a newly diagnosed HIV patient has a significant other. Should a nurse, knowing the potential devastating consequences of HIV, tell a patient’s sexual partner about their HIV status? This paper will discuss, the legal, moral and ethical ramifications of HIV disclosure. It will weigh the pros and cons of a nurse revealing this information, and it will provide recommendations for nurses who encounter this issue during their practice. It is understandable that a nurse may feel perplexed about this ethical dilemma. Once someone is diagnosed with HIV, they will have the disease for the rest of their lives. Currently there is not a cure. Although...
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...Epidemiology: HIV The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the world’s largest pandemics as well as one of the most known diseases. With HIV being so common amongst our population, in today’s world many people still lack the knowledge of what HIV really is and how it is transmitted. This paper will explain in depth of how HIV is spread and the impact it has on society. Let’s begin with the history of HIV, where did it come from? Although there is no actual evidence to support this theory scientist believed the disease came from Chimpanzee’s that were infected. Hunters would eat the contaminated meat and then they became infected. The first report of HIV contraction came from a man from Congo in 1959, but how he became HIV positive is unknown (Where did HIV come from?, 2011). In 2011 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 49, 273 people were diagnosed with HIV in the United States. In the same year there were an estimated 1.1 million people with the disease and 1 out of 6 of those people might not know they are infected (HIV in The United States, 2011). HIV is transmitted through body fluids such as semen, pre- semen, rectal and vaginal fluids as well as through the sharing of needles. This makes the gay, lesbian and MSM population more susceptible to acquiring the disease due to their risky sexual practices (HIV Transmission, 2014). The populations of intravenous drug users are also at risk for catching HIV, many of them being homeless and not...
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