...HIV/AIDS Kristen McReynolds, Jovanna Guerrero-Cortes, Teresa Risien BSHS/302 April 30, 2012 Maxine Proctor University of Phoenix HIV and AIDS is a very vulnerable population that affects the global community on several aspects. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is not like most viruses whereas most viruses your immune system will fight the virus and get rid of it, the immune system simply cannot fight the HIV virus. HIV attacks several parts of the immune system and when it attacks too many cells the body cannot fight the infection anymore leading to the virus known as AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is the final stage of the HIV infection and requires in depth medical treatment to prevent death from occurring in people who have the virus. Here we will discuss how the HIV and AIDS population affects the global community as a whole. The nature of the population is a key element that helps us to fully understand how the community is affected, as well as geographical statistics, who is affected by HIV/AIDS, and the impact the virus has on the population. As a community we must focus on Social issues, as well as some human service Macro intervention strategies. Geographic evidence shows that poor urban areas are more particularly affected by HIV and AIDS. Nowhere is this more evident than in Washington D.C. where the AIDS epidemic has been described as “the most complete example of a domestic urban epidemic...
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...IN BOTSWANA AND SOUTHERN AFRICA (ECO 463) | HIGH HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE RATE IS ADVERSELY AFFECTING PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHIN BOTSWANA.DISCUSS | TEAM LEADER: GABRIEL CHITULA 201101850CONTACT NUMBER:+267 71 430 952EMAIL ADDRESS:GABRIEL.C.JUNIOR@GMAILCOMOTHER GROUP MEMBERSTSHEGOFATSO L DIBUILE201200993NICOLA B MAKATI201105383 | | | | 11/16/2015 | TABLE OF CONTENT Table of content ………………………………………………………….. 1 Abstract…………………………………………………………………… 2 Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 3 Impacts of HIV on households……………………………………………. 4 Impact of HIV on Firms and Business………………………….. 6 Impact of HIV at Macroeconomic Level………………………… 7 Conclusion……………………………………………………… 10 Reference ……………………………………………………… 11 ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of how the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate adversely affects the economic growth of Botswana. HIV/AIDS is a growing problem in Botswana as the country has the second highest HIV/AIDS infection rate in the world. There are different sectors in the economy which can be affected by HIV/AIDS namely; the household, the firm and the macro economy. This paper will look at the various components affecting these sectors and explain what impact they have on Botswana s economy. INTRODUCTION In light of recent studies, that establish a direct correlation between health and development, it brings about the question of how much the epidemic of HIV and AIDS- which has been haunting the nation for decades, has...
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...The impact of HIV/AIDS on women globally or in the United States University Of Maryland University College Section I: Introduction and Statement of Purpose The AIDS and HIV virus is an extremely perilous disease that sees no race, no caste, no color, no gender, no nationality, no background and not even a specific age. It can affect anyone, at any time. AIDS stands for what is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The virus makes the body's immune system to break down and become in effective in fighting illness and bacteria. Contrary to popular belief, a person does not just become affected with the AIDS virus immediately. AIDS is basically caused by a pre virus called HIV, or human immunodeficiency syndrome. A substance in human body, known as the anti bodies, that fights infection in a person become infected once HIV is transferred into a human. The virus is most frequently transferred through bodily fluids and internationally majority of the infections occur through sex between men and women. AIDS basically results from heterosexual intercourse and so the age group which is a primarily affected by this disease is the one which is most sexually active, people from fifteen to fifty years of age. Moreover, there is a strong connection between TB and AIDS. Many individuals are affected with TB, without the disease being active. However, once the individual becomes infected with HIV, it causes the TB to become active which was once dormant. AIDS was initially recognized...
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...INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE In 2009, 33 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. About 5 million of them had access to treatment (UNAIDS, 2010). The international HIV/AIDS alliance is a network of organizations throughout the world that is dedicated to combating the spread and the effects of HIV and AIDS. This work analyzes the issues faced by Alliance and addresses some strategic recommendation. The history, development, and growth of the organization over time The international HIV/AIDS Alliance was created in 1993. It is a result of discussions within a group of donor agencies and international organizations on how to give more support to community groups in developing countries that were carrying out work around HIV (Alliance, foundation, 2009). The Alliance has its head quarter (the international secretary) in Brighton, UK. Through its Linking Organization (LOs) the Alliance has been helping to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe and Latin America. There were about 32 LOs in 2009 throughout the world. These LOs are supporting 1270 community and NGOs across the globe. The alliance strategy in 2006 was to significantly scale up the universal access to comprehension HIV/AIDS services. By 2010 the Alliance had reached 2.3 million adults and children globally. A 75% growth compare to 2007. With an income of more than US$ 63 million in 2007, the alliance reached US$ 72.7 million in 2008 (a 12% increase).of these, 81% were restricted...
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...What is HIPAA's confidentiality laws for HIV and AIDS Melinda Royalty HCR220 Ashley Spencer January 18, 2015 What is HIPAA's confidentiality laws for a patient with HIV or AIDS? Are the regulations and laws different for these patients? These are important questions for the patients that are screened and have come back with a positive diagnosis. It is always important to know what your rights as a patient are. Many people don't know that the regulations and laws are no different for a patient with HIV or AIDS, but for patients with these two conditions their treatment is more complex and is handled differently than most other cases. They have a higher confidentiality rate than say somebody with cancer because of the discrimination that the patient could face if their diagnosis was known by the public. Why do HIV and AIDS patients have a higher confidentiality rate, because these patients are at a higher risk of being discriminated against than most other patients. (HRSA, N/A) For these patients their day to day lives can be turned upside down if their diagnosis is publicly know. Patients with HIV or AIDS can face discrimination against them by the health care field, some housing authorities, and within their place of employment. (HRSA, N/A) When HIV was first discovered there was such a widespread fear of it because nobody knew how it was spread. This lead to many people with this condition to be fired from their place of employment...
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...Influence of Social Factors on the Course of HIV/AIDS An estimated 34.2 million people are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) worldwide (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/statistics.html). Currently there is no cure for HIV or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS); however, a combination of medication and good mental health may treat the disease (http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/hivaids/understanding/treatment/pages/default.aspx; http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/staying-healthy-with-hiv-aids/taking-care-of-yourself/mental-health/). Most of the individuals who are infected with HIV/AIDS experience depression and an increase in life stressors. However, positive social support and disclosure of HIV/AIDS status decreases stress, leading to better mental health (Hays, Turner, & Coates, 1992; Turner-Cobb et al., 2002). The major at-risk groups for HIV/AIDS are adolescents, gays, bisexuals, injected drug users, and minority women (Taylor & Sirois, 2011). In this paper, the influence of social factors on the course of HIV/AIDS is investigated. It is hypothesized that the influence of social support, such as emotional (receiving emotional comfort), informational (receiving information or advice on personal issues), and practical (counting on others for help) on mental health will mitigate the course and experience of HIV. Five empirical studies are explored in an attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. In a research article by Hay, Turner and...
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...HIV and AIDS * Presenter: MAHMOOD AHMED | | Learning Objectives: * Origin of HIV * Lifecycle of HIV-1. * CD4 cell and host defense system. * Natural history of HIV-1 disease. * Immune responses to HIV-1 and mechanisms of immune evasion by HIV. * Drugs * Nursing care Origins of HIV * HIV similar to virus found in monkeys and apes called SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus). * To identify ancestry of HIV scientists have sequenced various HIV strains and compared them to various SIV strains. * HIV-1 is most similar to an SIV found in chimps and HIV-2 is most similar to an SIV found in a monkey called the sooty mangabey. * HIV-1 occurs in three different subgroups (called M,N and O) and each appears closely related to a different chimpanzee SIV strain. * Thus, it appears that HIV-1 jumped to humans from chimps on at least 3 occasions. * Most likely the virus was acquired through killing and butchering chimps and monkeys in the “bushmeat” trade. When did HIV move to humans? * Sequence data from several group M strains has been used estimate when HIV moved from chimps to humans. * Korber et al. (2000) analyzed nucleotide sequence data for 159 samples of HIV-1 strain M. Constructed a phylogenetic tree showing relatedness to a common ancestor of the 159 samples. * Extrapolating based on rates of change of different strains suggests that subgroup M probably infected humans in the early 1930’s. | | Origins...
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...HIV/AIDS Samantha Jaros SCI 162 August 9, 2015 University of Phoenix HIV/AIDS Introduction Have you ever thought about how common HIV/AIDS is? More people than we think or know are affected by this disease. Although it is not curable there are ways to take care of yourself. If you have any questions or concerns be sure to contact a professional. It doesn't hurt to be informed. You can save yourself from getting it or giving it to others. HIV is no joke and it is becoming an epidemic. HIV/AIDS HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Over time your body is able to fight and get rid of viruses but with HIV your body is not able to fight it off. There are medicines that can keep the level down so you are expected to live a longer and healthier life. HIV is a single stranded, positive sense, enveloped RNA virus in the genus Lentivirus. HIV can be passed in numerous ways. It can be passed through sexual contact, needle or syringe sharing, medical use of blood or blood components, organ or tissue transplantation, artificial insemination, mother to child during pregnancy, at birth, and postpartum through breast feeding. An estimated 35 million at the end of 2012 were living with the HIV infection. A big majority of it is coming from Africa and the low income poverty groups. Two thirds of the virus is in Africa. When coming in contact and being infected with HIV your immune system cannot fight it off. HIV attacks and breaks down your immune system...
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...INTRODUCTION The following paper will serve the purpose of analysing the policy response to HIV and AIDS in Kenya as a case study in East Africa. Kenya has the main organisation which facilitates and controls various HIV and aids policy strategic response which is the national aids control council (NACC). It is the mandate of the Kenya Ministry of Health (MoH) to deliver quality, affordable health care to all citizens of Kenya. Various strategic documents have outlined plans towards achieving this goal, including the Second National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP II, 2005-2010) and the Kenya National AIDS Strategic Plan (KNASP, 2005-2010).They are various other documents which include the HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act, 2006 Sexual Offences Act, 2006 Children’s Act, 2001 Medical Laboratory Act, 1999 Science and Technology Act, 1980 Public Health Act (Cap 242) HIV prevalence in Kenya is estimated based on the Demographic and Health Survey (2003 and 2008/9), AIDS Indicator Surveys (KAIS 2007 and 2012) and Antenatal Clinic (ANC) sentinel surveillance. A trend analysis starting from 1990 shows that prevalence in the general population reached a peak of 10.5% in 1995‐96, after which it declined by about 40% to reach approximately 6.7% in 2003. Since then, the prevalence has remained relatively stable. The decline of the prevalence from 1995 to 2003 is partly attributed to high AIDS related mortality while the stabilisation of the epidemic in the last 10 years is largely...
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...woman can become infected if she has unprotected penetrative sex vaginal or anal, with a man who has HIV. A woman having vaginal sex with a man who has HIV is 2-3 times more likely to become infected than a man would be if he had vaginal sex with an infected woman (HIV and AIDS). AIDS is also spread though sharing contaminated needles for IV drug use, transfusions of blood or blood products from a person with AIDS and children born to an infected mother. Many women in the U.S. have poor access to health care. In addition, women may not perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV infection. Because of this, symptoms that serve as a warning sign of HIV infection may go unheeded (Women and AIDS). Early diagnosis of HIV infection allows women to take full advantage of drug therapies for opportunistic infections, which can forestall the development of AIDS related symptoms and prolong life in HIV-infected people. (Women and AIDS) There are different theories as to the origin of AIDS. AIDS was identified as a new disease in 1981 (Sowadsky). HIV is believed to have originated in Africa sometime between the late 1940s and the early 1950s from the monkey AIDS virus SIV, (Simian Immudificiency virus) (Sowadsky). The two viruses are very similar and are transmitted the same way. However HIV only causes AIDS in humans, and SIV only causes AIDS in monkeys. The SIV virus is found in blood. HIV must have entered humans via monkey blood. This could’ve happened by humans drinking monkey blood,...
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...The AIDS and HIV virus is a very dangerous disease that sees no race, no color, no gender, no economic background and not even a specific age group. It can affect anyone, at any time if they put themselves in a situation where they could be at risk. AIDS stands for what is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The virus causes the body’s immune system to break down and become useless in fighting illness and bacteria. Even a common cold could lead to the death of a person affected with the AIDS virus. Contrary to popular belief, a person does not just become affected with the AIDS virus right away. AIDS is actually caused by a pre virus called HIV, or human immunodeficiency syndrome. The antibodies, substance in your body that fights infection, in a person become infected once HIV is transferred into a human. Blood tests are often used to detect this virus. A person that is affected with the HIV virus may look perfectly healthy and show no signs what so ever of this illness. It is very easy for a person affected with this virus to spread it to others through certain types of contact. Because HIV weakens your immune system, it is very easy for a person to become ill. They suffer many health problems. Some of these problems can include extreme weight loss, severe pneumonia, forms of cancer, and damage to the nervous system. These illnesses signal the onset of AIDS (AIDS prevention guide). If a person is receiving medical care, it is likely that a person will be able to...
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...What is HIV? HIV stands for human immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. The virus remains in the body and damages the immune system causing the person to remain infectious. They can then spread the virus to others. Once you have the virus, your immune system can no longer protect you from other sicknesses e.g. flu. HIV destroys your CD4 cells, which help fight diseases and infections. How is HIV spread? HIV is found in body fluids. The infection will only occur when body fluids of an infected person mix or enter another person’s blood. Unprotected sex is the main cause of HIV transmission. Other ways are sharing needles and syringes, unsterile body piercing and tattooing, mother to child during birth and blood transfusions. How do I know I have aids? The only way to definitely know if you are infected is to have a test. There are a few symptoms like: rapid weight loss, dry cough, fevers and night sweats, diarrhea, pneumonia, skin rashes and memory loss. At first these symptoms might seem like flu symptoms. Many don’t have symptoms, which is why it is good to get tested often. Having a test is still the only way to know for sure since these symptoms could be for other sicknesses. When getting tested you know if you are HIV positive if there are antibodies to the virus. How can you prevent HIV? We can prevent aids by not participating in unprotected sexual intercourse, not reusing needles or syringes, getting tested often and having one sexual...
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...African Americans with HIV/AIDS African American with HIV/AIDS One of the most important issues in an individual’s life is their health. The question that many individuals are wondering is how many different diseases are affecting millions of individuals throughout the world? These sometimes harmful diseases are affecting new born, young children, teens, adults, and elderly. Some of these diseases syndromes, disorders, and ect are curable and others can’t be cured which is only increasing the death rate around the world. According to science and health observations there are over 100,000 human diseases that have been discovered throughout the world. HIV/AIDS are the second most deadly diseases out in the world. Scientists believe that HIV came from a particular kind of chimpanzee in Western African. Scientists also believe humans came in contact with HIV as early as the 1800s because individuals used hunting as survival skills and a way of living. They ate food that was infected by HIV that soon was discovered as a harmful disease. Decades later the virus slowly spread across African and later into many other parts of the world infecting thousand and then millions. HIV/AIDS is an epidemic that affects both men and woman of all ages. In 1985 scientist discovered the human immunodeficiency virus which is also known as HIV. HIV is a virus that attacks the human body’s immune system. It also affects the blood cells within an individual’s body (lymphocytes) and cells of the...
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...HIV/AIDS Summary HIV/AIDS is the leading disease in America. This epidemic is causing millions of dollars to help and treat patients that are positively tested with HIV/AIDS. There are four different methods, HIV exposure, infections, diagnosis, AIDS diagnosis, and then there is death of HIV/AIDS. There are more than one million Americans living in today’s society that has this disease that is fatal to a human body. Even though HIV/AIDS has been the largest epidemic for the last 30 years, there has been highly active retro viral therapy that has been reducing the number of patients that test positive. In the 1990’s whites were up in number, now they are decreasing as in the blacks were down and now they are increasing in number. Even though there is a race ethnicity towards HIV/AIDS patients there is still others that offer up the transmitted disease such as men having sex with men, heterosexual, and the injection drug. Age can define the importance of having the disease as well. Starting at the age of 13 and up until 50; there are still chances to get HIV but the chances decrease the older you get. Looking at this epidemic in different regions of the United States has many concerns over the cases that are from Southern compared to other states in the country (Jen Kates, 2014). Medicaid, Medicare, Ryan White, and others are consumers for HIV/AIDS patients. The number one leading federal funding for HIV/AIDS is the Medicaid. There are over 200 thousand patients with low...
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...(determinants) may be contributing to or causing the problem? A socio-ecological assessment is critical in an intervention aimed at such an immense problem. In HIV/AIDS, many different factors at many levels form the context, interact, and come into play. Individual factors: Individual factors that contribute to HIV/AIDS include having multiple sexual partners, sexually transmitted diseases, not using a condom and not circumcising males (Auvert et al, 2001). Individual behaviour is largely determined by the social environment, such as community norms and values, regulations, and policies. Societal factor: Systemic discrimination. Stigma and discrimination also influence the spread of HIV/AIDS. Stigma creates barriers to the uptake of interventions to prevent HIV infection, treat it and give support to people living with the disease (Klein, Karchner & O'Connel, 2002; Hamra, Ross, Orrs & D’Agosrino, 2006, Parker & Aggleton, 2003). Issues such as promiscuity, homosexuality and blame tend to prevent people from disclosing their HIV status and seeking care. Prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS may mean people are denied their right to care. Interventions aimed at HIV/AIDS need to consider where there may be prejudice and how stigma-related factors interact at various levels. Socioeconomic and political factors: Inequities. HIV/AIDS is increasingly concentrated in the poorest and most marginalized societies (Kumaranayake & Watts, 1999; Buve, Kalibala & McIntyre, 2003). Studies among...
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