...developmental period. Lesbian, gay and bisexual adolescents follow developmental pathways that are both similar to and different from those of heterosexual adolescents. All teenagers face certain developmental challenges, such as developing social skills, thinking about career choices and fitting into a peer group. Like most heterosexual youths, most lesbian, gay and bisexual youths are healthy individuals who have significant attachments to and make contributions to their families, peers, schools and religious institutions. However, lesbian, gay and bisexual youth must also cope with the prejudice, discrimination and violence in society and, in some cases, in their own families, schools and communities. Such marginalization negatively affects the health,...
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...are not equipped to manage the health care concerns of gay and lesbian patients because of inadequate education received while completing their medical education. In this paper the subject to be examined is the issues related to gay and lesbian health care and examine a study performed by the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at Brown Medical School and Rhode Island hospital evaluating how supplementary education may contribute to an increased level of readiness and concern by physicians when dealing with gay and lesbian patients and their medical, psychological and sexual issues. In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association (APA) discontinued the labeling of homosexuality as a mental disorder and in 1975 the APA urged psychologist to work toward removing the stigma attached to homosexuality leading to many changes in therapeutic practices and the mental health community began treating the problems of gay and lesbian patients, rather than treating the gay or lesbian patient as the problem. Sexual orientation is one of the largest problems in society today. One of the ethical concerns in treating this population of people is with the health care providers themselves. When a health care provider is treating gay and lesbian patients, he or she must confront his or her beliefs and values when dealing with the issue of homosexuality. Treating a gay or lesbian patient becomes extremely difficult when he or she believes that homosexuality is immoral, and if he or she has...
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...discarded tomorrow.” Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge.(Question #4) Technological advancements and increasing globalization in our world have led to vast improvements in the access and diffusion of knowledge in almost every single society. The statement, “That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow.” raises certain issues about the nature of knowledge and the implications of knowledge as we know it. Hence, it will be my aim to explore whether or not knowledge can be the same for everyone, and to investigate the timelessness of knowledge, questioning if it is actually possible to discard knowledge. The scope of this essay will focus on the natural sciences and human sciences in terms of Areas of Knowledge (AoK), and reason, perception, and language within the various Ways of Knowing (WoK). Whilst I realise that perhaps any AoK could have been utilized to explore the extent to which knowledge is personal or shared, the natural and human sciences lend themselves particularly well to this investigation due to the prominent role of inductivism in both these AoK. The five key steps to inductivism; observation, hypothesis, experiment, law, and theory require the use of perception and reason to validate knowledge in these AoK, and hence the aforementioned WoK become distinctly useful in the analysis of this knowledge issue. Moreover, due to the abundance of new research...
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...Homosexuality From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about homosexuality in humans. For homosexuality in other animals, see Homosexual behavior in animals. Sexual orientation Male and female symbols overlaid Sexual orientations Asexual Bisexual Heterosexual Homosexual Non-binary categories Androphilia and gynephilia Non-heterosexual Pansexuality Polysexuality Queer Research Biological Human female sexuality Human male sexuality Demographics Environment Hetero/homosexual continuum Kinsey scale Klein Grid Neuroscientific Queer studies Sexology Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine Non-human animals Animal sexual behaviour Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals Homosexual behavior in animals (list) Category Category v t e Part of a series on Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people LGBT flag Sexual orientation Homosexuality Demographics Biology Environment History LGBT history Timeline Social movements Culture LGBT community Coming out Pride Slang Symbols Gay village Rights Laws around the world Marriage Union Adoption LGBT parenting Military service Legal aspects of transgenderism Intersex human rights Social attitudes Heteronormativity LGBT stereotypes Queer Religion and homosexuality Religion and transgender Prejudice / Violence AIDS stigma Anti-intersex Biphobia Genderism Heterosexism Homophobia Lesbophobia Binarism Sexualism Suicide among LGBT youth Transphobia Violence against LGBT people LGBT trafficking ...
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...Cotton and Ridings discussed the revision of the fifth DSM, a diagnostic and statistical Manual of mental disorder published by the American Psychiatric Association that is use by physicians, health insurance and other medical officials. Cotton and colleague looked at how politics influence the exclusion of homosexuality as a mental disorder and the inclusion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the DSM (2011, p.1) From the earliest classification, we saw many influences that shape each revision. The U.S. Census Bureau was influential in "the earliest classification systems of mental disorders, and those systems predominated for nearly a century"(cotton and Ridings, 2011). Not satisfied with the manual the Census officials again demanded more changes to have a more standardized classification system for mental disorders which would include collection of data. This lead to the birth of the Statistical Manual for the use of Institutions for the insane. Two issues Cotton and Ridings believed should be discuss are...
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...Quezon City Polytechnic University Batasan Satellite Campus Batasan Hills, Quezon City Research Paper in Symbolic Logic HOMOSEXUALITIES Submitted by Joann E. Buenavente Submitted to Prof. Fabian Avila I. Introduction Homosexuality Homosexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As an orientation, homosexuality refers to "an enduring pattern of or disposition to experience sexual, affectionate, or romantic attractions" primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex; "it also refers to an individual's sense of personal and social identity based on those attractions, behaviors expressing them, and membership in a community of others who share them." Homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation, along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, within the heterosexual-homosexual continuum (with asexuality sometimes considered a fourth). Scientific and medical understanding is that sexual orientation is not a choice, but rather a complex interplay of biological and environmental factors,[1][3] especially with regard to early uterine environment. While there are those who still hold the view that homosexual activity is "unnatural" or "dysfunctional", research has shown that homosexuality is an example of natural variation in human sexuality and is not in and of itself a source of negative psychological effects. Prejudice and discrimination against homosexual and bisexual people...
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...Joaquin Raphael Deato Dr. Aileen Salonga 2014 13491 April 15, 2015 English 10: Concept and Position Paper Homosexuality In 1935, Sigmund Freud wrote a letter to an American mother saying: “Homosexuality is assuredly no advantage, but it is nothing to be ashamed of, no vice, no degradation, it cannot be classified as an illness; we consider it to be a variation of the sexual function produced by a certain arrest of sexual development. Many highly respectable individuals of ancient and modern times have been homosexuals, several of the greatest men among them (Plato, Michaelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, etc.) It is a great injustice to persecute homosexuality as a crime, and cruelty too...” ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Ph.D. Gregory M. Herek</Author><Year>2012</Year><DisplayText>(Gregory M. Herek)</DisplayText><record><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ph.D. Gregory M. Herek</author></authors></contributors><titles/><title>Facts About Homosexuality and Mental Health</title><periodical/><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates/></dates></record></Cite></EndNote>(Gregory M. Herek) There have been a lot of changes in the society ever since the twentieth century came and this affected even the intangible and most absurd things such as how people interact...
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...news media and therapeutic experts have bought into the deception that a few individuals are naturally born gay and can't help it. Nothing could have been further from reality. Homosexuality has been practiced for a large number of years. Basically, homosexuality is characterized as sexual relations between like sexes (i.e., two guys or two females). Numerous people today think that gayness is a part of who a human truly is from the moment of creation. The "genetic and unchangeable" theory has been effectively promoted by gay activists and the mainstream media. Is homosexuality truly an inborn and typical variation of human nature? For a few individuals yes, and for others no. According to Jeffrey Satinover, MD, Founder and former Director of the Sterling Institute for Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Medicine “There is not any evidence that indicates that homosexuality is 'genetic', and none of the research itself claims there is. Only the press and, sadly, certain...
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...I chose to talk and research about if homosexuality is caused by a defective gene. To start of I would like say that I personally think it’s someone’s personal preference when it comes to sexuality. I also think people are born gay it’s just who they are and it is part of their personality. I myself don’t think there is any genetic or heredity nor necessarily a defective gene, but it is believed to be gay gene. However, no major gene for homosexuality has been found despite numerous studies searching for a genetic connection. It was also believed that homosexuality was a mental health illness. In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association stopped labeling homosexuality as a mental health illness (Corey et al, p.124). According to researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, they found a clue known as epigenetics. This clue can possible tell whether a man was gay or straight by monitoring small changes in how his DNA functions after birth and this is known as epigenetics (Rice et al. 2012). There is several biological theories such as the hormonal and the epigenetic theories (Rice et al. 2012). In 2012, a new theory has introduced that combines aspects of the genetic theory with the hormonal theory (Rice et al. 2012). This is known as the epigenetic theory, this theory draws on research that will reinforce the hormonal theory as well know as the functions of epi-marks (Rice et al. 2012). This model would explain homosexuality on the basis of the epi- mark managed...
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...Homosexuality: A Case of Nature versus Nurture By Robert L Smith Instructor: Mr. Simbarashe Chiduma A RESEARCH PAPER Submitted to Baker College in partial fulfillment of requirements For class: Soc 201 Winter 2012 Homosexual is defined as: “of, relating to, or characterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex” (Webster’s Dictionary, 4th ed., 2003) The nature approach is based on a chance that humans are born with a specific gene that determines if they will be homosexual. "In other words, some people are born gay." (Johnson, 2003) The nurture approach tells that people are influenced by their surroundings. In this approach, "A nurtured gay person is one that is 'made' gay." (Johnson, 2003) Originally the American Psychological Association (APA) had deemed homosexuality a mental disease. The debate now- a-days revolve around if sexuality is based on nature, a person’s environment, or based on nurture, a person’s upbringing. Alfred Kinsey pioneered one of the earliest experiments in the 1930s. Kinsey’s research resulted in little besides putting the word homosexual into the common language. Karen Hooker completed the first psychological test in 1957. The research was put together to investigate the relationship between homosexuality, psychological development, and illness. The subjects were given three tests, the Rorschach, TAT, and MAPS. She determined that there was no link between social determinism of sexuality...
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...I Am Not My Sexuality: Annotated Bibliography and Outline Unit 5 Course 5334 Annotated Bibliography Aldrich, R. (2004). Homosexuality and the city: an historical overview. Urban Studies, 41(9), 1719-1737. Aldrich gives a historical overview of the history of homosexuality. He goes back to the Roman times and discusses Sodom and Gomorrah and continues to the present day. He makes mention of how homosexuals left various cities to escape the traditional life constraints and went to other cities to begin transforming the city into much construction of the gay and lesbian culture. Bonilla, L & Porter, J (1990). A comparison of latino, black, and non-hispanic white attitudes toward homosexuality. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 437-452. This article discusses Latinos, Blacks, and non Hispanic whites attitudes towards homosexuality. It has been researched that the Latino culture is more inclined than blacks and non whites to believe that homosexuality and the spread of AIDS are invariably related. This one assumption has the capacity to cause the rights of homosexuals to be restricted. Goldsmith, S. J. (2001). Oepipus or orestes? Homosexual men, their mothers, and other women revisited. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 49 (4), 1269-1287. The author of this article discusses gender roles and how they have an effect on the sexuality of men and women. He mentions when people sense femininity in a man it causes them to fear that man simply...
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...What Causes Homosexual Desire? Review of Related Literature This literature review includes some of experiment and studies about four causes of homosexuality. The main point of this essay will be discussing and comparing between present and past, why today people now more convert themselve to be homosexual. The question why only needs causes, if comparing with the past about twenty to thirty years ago, there were less people who are homosexual or bisexual than now. This research essay will provides five sections which are five main causes, it includes psychology, experience(social environment), cultural influences and individuals liking due to differences between homosexuality and heterosuxaulity Psychology and Biology The focus on brain and behavior study shows us many evidence that homosexaulity is definitely related to psychology and biology. Could homosexuality be illness if it is only about psychology because human has different idea in everything and also has difference in mental health. However, there are several studies could not find any conclusion that being homosexual is considered an illness or not. “Although dispassionate scientific research on whether homosexuality should be viewed as an illness was largely absent from the fields of psychiatry, psychology, and medicine during the first half of the twentieth century, some researchers remained unconvinced that all homosexual individuals were mentally...
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...people about social lessons and what the world is like, but not necessarily effect ones perceptions of their own personal reality, where many influences and everyday non-mediated influences may play a stronger role. Shrum has documented and extended the dominant understanding of cultivations cognitive mechanism which is the heuristic reception and processing of messages which makes heavy viewers of television inclined to depend on messages to form their own ideas of the world. Mental shortcuts used while processing television messages are likely to make heavy viewers depend on those messages while forming judgements about the world, based on frequency, distinctness and how recent the...
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...Kelby’s strength and optimism comes from her small group of friends and her parents. Although she did not have many friends, at least she had a few people to support her and help her face the bullying with determination. Having a support group helped her by being able to intervene on her behalf, comfort her, or seek help, making future attacks less likely. Peer groups are incredibly important, especially for teens. Having close relationships helps kids like Kelby not feel so alone in what they are dealing with when they are bullied. Especially in adolescence, relationships play a major role in their overall development to prevent mental health issues. According to Hay (2014), “The roots of peer rejection lie in the earliest years of childhood, and peer rejection is associated with educational underachievement, even when many other causal influences are considered. Put another way, having friends in early childhood appears to protect children against the development of psychological problems later in childhood.” Bullying towards LGBT youth targets their non-conformity to gender norms. They are targeted so often, because they are a...
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...The Ethical Issue of Homosexuality Oct. 31, 2011 Homosexuality is defined as the romantic and sexual attraction to a member of the same sex. The conclusion that the behavioral and social sciences, as well as the health and mental professions is that homosexuality is a normal human sexual orientation. (Bell, Weinberg & Hammersmith) (Bullough) (Ford & Beach) (Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin) (Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard ) Homosexuality was once looked at as a mental disorder, and was listed as such in medical journals until 1973, and to this day scientists can only theorize as to what actually causes someone to become homosexual. Some believe it has a biological nature, while others believe not only that it is a mental disorder, but a tool of a being named Satan. Barbara Blewster, a member of the Arizona State Legislature was quoted as saying, "The perversion that follows homosexuality is bestiality and then human sacrifice and cannibalism." This is where the ethical issues of homosexuality arise. The issue ranges from attitudes like Mrs. Blewster’s who believe homosexuality to be an abomination and a sin, to those who feel that discrimination and hate toward someone who was just “born that way” is unethical. This leads us into the question of homosexual marriage. Should homosexuals be granted the same holy matrimony that heterosexual couples have? The first recorded depiction of homosexuality was found in Mesopotamia, circa 3000 BC where artifacts...
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