...CYBER CRIME IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS Abstract: This Paper is a review paper on the topic of Cybercrime and its forms. The paper describes very basic information about cybercrime. It includes introduction to cyber crime, its brief history, its types along with their brief description, today’s scenario regarding cybercrime and an introduction to cyber security as a weapon against cybercrime . The paper is best suited for those who want to understand what cybercrime exactly is at the beginners’ level and what are the prevailing cybercrimes. Keywords: Cybercrime, cyber security, Hacking, spoofing, Cyber stalking, DOS Attack, Computer Vandalism, Cyber terrorism, Softaware Piracy, Phishing, Data diddling, Virus/ Worms, Trojan ,Cyber Laundering, Cyber contraband. Introduction: Today , the world is moving towards a point where everything from banking, stock exchanges, traffic control, telephones to electric power, health care, welfare and education depends on software. Undoubtedly, this advancement and globalization offers many benefits to consumers and businesses but, unfortunately it also offers plenty of opportunities to organized crime. Globalization has promoted and strengthened the economics of illegal activities; offenders have become international entrepreneurs. The Internet provides money and information to all sorts of customers and businesses. It is notably the home of virtual worlds and their economies, which have attracted many people, including criminals. The unholy...
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...------------------------------------------------- CYBER CRIME IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS ------------------------------------------------- Amneet Bedi ------------------------------------------------- CSE-Dept, RBCENTW Hoshiarpur ------------------------------------------------- e-mail.: amneetb2@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Abstract: This Paper is a review paper on the topic of Cybercrime and its forms. The paper describes very basic information about cybercrime. It includes introduction to cyber crime, its brief history, its types along with their brief description, today’s scenario regarding cybercrime and an introduction to cyber security as a weapon against cybercrime . The paper is best suited for those who want to understand what cybercrime exactly is at the beginners’ level and what are the prevailing cybercrimes. ------------------------------------------------- Keywords: Cybercrime, cyber security, Hacking, spoofing, Cyber stalking, DOS Attack, Computer Vandalism, Cyber terrorism, Softaware Piracy, Phishing, Data diddling, Virus/ Worms, Trojan ,Cyber Laundering, Cyber contraband. ------------------------------------------------- Introduction: Today , the world is moving towards a point where everything from banking, stock exchanges, traffic control, telephones to electric power, health care, welfare and education depends on software. Undoubtedly...
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...Determination of Animal Abuse Jennifer Stafford Determination of Animal Abuse People and animals have been around since the beginning of time. In early days, animals were killed and hunted for survival. However, the relationship between people and animals has changed somewhat since then. Today, the vast majority of people do not need to kill and hunt animals in order to survive. In this paper, I will talk about how some people think that animal-factory farms, family farms and hunting is considered animal abuse. I will then later explain that neither of these is considered animal abuse. Therefore, the question is, how does one determine what actually animal abuse is? There is a massive debate about this question and there is no right answer. Everyone sees things from the perspective of their own interests and concerns. Animal abuse is classified as inflicting physical agony, anguish or demise upon an animal contingent upon one’s belief. First, some people believe that killing and hunting animals for any reason is classified as animal abuse. The first example some may classify as animal abuse is animal-factory farms. Animal-factory “farms are usually large industrial facilities where livestock are crowded together” (USA Today, 2012). The small animals, like chickens, are put into cages. One cage can hold many animals. These cages are packed so full with the small animals that the animals cannot move freely. They do not get to see sunlight, and it can be hard to breathe...
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...discussed in class this text was controversial do to the fact that it compared slaves to animals. The reason for its controversy was not because it dealt with the issue of slavery but because people find that comparing someone to an animal is disrespectful. It is found to be disrespectful because animals are viewed as lesser than humans. However, what this text is discussing is the similarity in which animals and slaves were treated and how this concept of speciesism is woven into our culture. African American people were considered to be another species which therefore justified the use of them like any other domesticated species. An example of this is made in the text when the domestication of a horse is compared to the domestication of a slave. The term for training a horse is “to break a horse” and the term for men who domesticated slaves were called “nigger breakers”. Our society reflects on the manner in which slaves were made our servants and we are appalled that as a society we let this behavior occur. It is an interesting observation because if by believing that a being should not be treated in such a way it would be presumed that the behavior that they oppose should not be inflicted upon other...
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...Ethical Treatment of Animals I. Introduction Animals have played an important role in many aspects of this world; some look upon these roles with favoritism, some with disgust. Animals give live birth and are considered different from humans by some people because of their behavior. Some animals are consumed as food by humans and other animals or trapped for their furs. Many times people get animals as pets and neglect them. Some animals are pulled out of their habitat and are used as research yet; some humans think they don't deserve any rights because they are animals. A. Thesis Statement Throughout this paper I will examples of possibilities that can be used to change the life of an animal in the food industry, as a pet and as research, we need to help them have a better life even if we are going to use them as food and pets. II. Body paragraph #1 - Topic Sentence #1 On today's factory farms, animals are crammed by the thousands into filthy, windowless sheds and confined to wire cages, gestation crates, barren dirt lots, and other cruel confinement systems. A. Supporting Evidence PETA made a investigation at Agriprocessors in 2004 revealed almost 300 instances of inhumane slaughter, in which cows' sensitive faces were shocked with electric prods, fully conscious cattle had their tracheas and esophagi ripped from their throats with meat hooks or knives, and they writhed in pools of their own blood, trying desperately to stand up for up to three minutes as...
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...PII And Ethics Research Paper Jadrrih PII is an abbreviation that stands for Personal Identifiable Information as used in information security. This is information that can be used to identify, contact or locate a single person. Ethics are the standards set in place in order to distinguish right from wrong. As important as PII is in the modern information technology, it has its advantage, disadvantage and ethical issues. PII comes in handy in modern technology. The most commonly used information to identify individuals are ID and drivers numbers, social security numbers, vehicles registration number, date of birth, biometrics, facial recognition to name a few. If PII did not exist, it would be incredibly hard to narrow down and individual since many people share names. There are some advantages that tie in with PII when it comes to the purpose of distinguishing individual identity. Big corporations find PII important identifying their employees. For example most companies have employee ID which is unique from one employee to another. Government officials need to use PII to search and identify and distinguish individuals in their large data base. For example, all legal US residences have a social security number that identifies an individual. In forensic, PII is important to help track down and identify criminals. This identity can be obtained through facial recognition and finger prints resulting in a selective revelation of one’s identity...
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...and future computer security experiences. The historical perspective demonstrates that misplaced confidence in the security of a system is worse than having no confidence at all in its security. Next, the essay describes four broad areas of computer misuse: (1) theft of computational resources, (2) disruption of computational services, (3) unauthorized disclosure of information in a computer, and (4) unauthorized modification of information in a computer. Classes of techniques whereby computer misuse results in the unauthorized disclosure and modification of information are then described and examples are provided. These classes are (1) human error, (2) user abuse of authority, (3) direct probing, (4) probing with malicious software, (5) direct penetration, and (6) subversion of security mechanism. The roles of Trojan horses, viruses, worms, bombs, and other kinds of malicious software are described and examples provided. In the past few decades, we have seen the implementation of myriads of computer systems of all sizes and their interconnection over computer networks. These systems handle and are required to protect credit data, justice information, computer vote tabulation, consumer billing, health data, insurance data, military and intelligence data, and computer and human communications, as well as countless other types of information. It is likely that readers of this essay have heard about some computer or network break-in at some time in the past few years. What Is There...
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...But despite this high statistic, there is corruption in the Amish community. A story of a Mary Byler, 20, reveals some ugly truths of the Amish society. Byler was not only raped and sexually assaulted by men in the Amish community and at least three of her eight brothers, but also physically abused by her stepfather. Byler said, "If somebody was raping me, I'd look up to the ceiling, count the blocks or count the cracks in the wall, or just I was completely not there emotionally” ("Sexual Abuse in the Amish Community."). This abuse scarred Byler because of the lack of sexual education taught to adolescent girls in the Amish community. Byler also speaks of the physical violence by her stepfather to her and her brothers. He would hit them with “shovels and hacksaws, fists, halters, anything and everything he could get his hands on.” Byler eventually gained the courage to get justice with help from outside the community. Once Byler’s brothers were convicted, sadly, her community was more empathetic for her brother Johnny Byler. This event shows the struggle of an innocent girl getting abused by not only her family, but also the whole Amish community. During the time of Rumspringa the teens have “the opportunity to taste life with cars, electricity, alcohol...
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...points of the design principles and the major trends. Artificial intelligence techniques are widely used in this area such as fuzzy logic, neural network and Genetic algorithms. In this paper, I will focus on the fuzzy logic, neural network and Genetic algorithm technique and how it could be used in Intrusion Detection Systems giving some examples of systems and experiments proposed in this field. The purpose of this paper is comparative analysis between three AI techniques in network security domain. 1 INTRODUCTION This paper shows a general overview of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and the methods used in these systems, giving brief points of the design principles and the major trends. Hacking, Viruses, Worms and Trojan horses are various of the main attacks that fear any network systems. However, the increasing dependency on networks has increased in order to make safe the information that might be to arrive by them. As we know artificial intelligence has many techniques are widely used in this area such as fuzzy logic, neural network and Genetic algorithms etc... In this paper, In this study, I will focus on the three algorithms mentioned above by giving some examples of systems and experiments proposed that used in Intrusion Detection Systems in this area. The purpose of this paper is comparative analysis between three AI techniques in terms of performance, accuracy of decision making. 1-1 Genetic Algorithms...
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...An Overview of Computer Viruses in a Research Environment Matt Bishop Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 ABSTRACT The threat of attack by computer viruses is in reality a very small part of a much more general threat, specifically attacks aimed at subverting computer security. This paper examines computer viruses as malicious logic in a research and development environment, relates them to various models of security and integrity, and examines current research techniques aimed at controlling the threats viruses in particular, and malicious logic in general, pose to computer systems. Finally, a brief examination of the vulnerabilities of research and development systems that malicious logic and computer viruses may exploit is undertaken. 1. Introduction A computer virus is a sequence of instructions that copies itself into other programs in such a way that executing the program also executes that sequence of instructions. Rarely has something seemingly so esoteric captured the imagination of so many people; magazines from Business Week to the New England Journal of Medicine [39][48][60][72][135], books [20][22][31][40][50][67][83][90][108][124], and newspaper articles [85][91][92][94][114][128] have discussed viruses, applying the name to various types of malicious programs. As a result, the term “computer virus” is often misunderstood. Worse, many who do understand it do not understand protection in computer systems, for example...
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...person, the day begins with a “good morning” text and ends in a “good night” text. All done on a mobile application for smartphones. On the same application social networking sites are a world themselves, a Virtual World, to make the process quick and easy there are modes, like online chats, emails, teleconferencing, video conferencing, networking sites, etc. The greatest need for all human needs is, the need for communication. It is a daily use for us as humans to survive in this life. There is no way we can not go without communicating. In my eyes; “it is another way of sending messages”. In recent years, technology of communication has rapidly developed since the century of when, “pigoens delivered notes”, “horses sent mail deliveries to others”, a lot of things. It became advancement in telecommunications. It became a big impact to society to our generations and century. Technology with out a doubt has created a world with out any boundaries. With all modern gizmos (smart phones, tablets and computers) communication has become easier and faster, along with cheaper. It is faster in the sense that the information sent is received at a much more quicker time. As above mentioned, we do not have to wait days or weeks to receive something...
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...Is Compulsive Gambling as a Social Problem? Catherine Walker College Composition II Professor Eric Miller October 27, 2009 Is Compulsive Gambling a Social Problem? This paper explores the area of compulsive gambling and its effects upon American society. Compulsive gambling or pathological gambling has stagnated over the years, but has again become a silent stalker in that those who suffer from compulsive gambling suffer mostly in silence because of a perceived stigma that if you gamble you are a “loser”. The amount of money spent by Americans is astounding and compulsive gambling has become a major depressive disorder likely to occur in 76 percent of all compulsive gamblers (Unwin Davis, & Leeuw, 2000). As access to money become more limited, gamblers often resort to crime in order to pay debts, appease bookies, maintain appearances, and garner more money to gamble (Thompson, Gazel, & Rickman, 1996). The definition of compulsive gambling as it appears on the Mayo Clinic website is defined as an impulse-control disorder – a disorder in which you can’t resist a temptation or drive to perform an act that is harmful to you or someone else (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/compulsive-gambling/DS00443). The National Opinion Research Center states that “Compulsive gambling is a problem in that it affects the whole of society at a phenomenal rate.” (NORC, 1999). The American Psychiatric Association (APA) defines pathological gambling as being unable to resist impulses...
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...Child Abuse - A Hidden Epidemic in America There is a well-known but grossly underreported crime that is occurring daily, not only abroad, but right here in the United States as well. This crime not only affects a person at the time of the event, but for a lifetime. Although there are better attempts being made to further understand its diversity and complexity, the question still lies, is enough being done to control and prevent it from happening. This crime is child exploitation and abuse. Though it seems absurd to most, it is certainly happening worldwide and there is documented evidence that will be explored in this research paper. By examining this documented evidence I will try to determine the roots and causes of this despicable crime and uncover some avenues and characteristics that lead to its continued behavior. I hope to combine my sources to paint a picture of the epidemic of child abuse today and throughout history in America. I hope to examine the risks factors for child abuse and identify ways to educate parents, child care providers, educators and any other persons who may come into contact with our most vulnerable citizens, our children, on how we can prevent child abuse from occurring in the future. The federal government defines child abuse and neglect, at a minimum, any recent act or failure to act of the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure...
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...Student success reflection This is my first semester in America. Like what I expected, I spent a wonderful but tension life here. Before I came to America, I have heard that learning in America is a burden for every student. Although saying like this is a little negative, when I faced various papers and assignments, I believed. However, the best achievement I have gained from here is organizing my time better than before and adjusting to new life more quickly. When I was in China, I gave little presentations, but after I came to America, I gave approximate 5 presentations in one semester. From others’ presentations, I also have learnt much healthy and useful knowledge that I cannot learn from class. During this whole semester, all classmates are divided into four groups to give their own presentations. Four ladies are the presenters of the first presentation, whose topic is community. They introduced us different forms of community, like religion community, sport community and learning community. Since this is my first year to live in a foreign country, religion community is very unfamiliar to me. However, through their introduction, I acquired that some community is organized based on faith, so the people who have the same faith can communicate their views with each other. For me, I barely socialized in school, but after their presentation I want to participate in some communities, because I learnt that there are amount of benefits. For example, joining to a learning community...
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...Metaphors: Analysis and Interpretation ADÉSOLÁ OLÁTÉJÚ University of Ibadan, Nigeria ABSTRACT The paper undertakes a study of animal metaphors in the Yorùbá language with a view to highlighting the stylistic and communicative potentials of these metaphors. To achieve the set objective, the animals – domestic and wild – involved in metaphors and their individual distinctive characteristic features that motivate their metaphorical interpretations are highlighted. The paper also discusses the sources of animal metaphors, which are said to be located in three areas, namely: the Yorùbá naming culture, animal characteristic habits and behaviour, and the Yorùbá poetry. In discussing the metaphorical processes involved in the interpretation of animal-related metaphors, a two-dimensional approach is adopted: stylistic and cultural. In the first, the semantic features of animals involved in metaphors are decomposed into semantic markers that are of two types. The first is the High Priority Semantic Markers (HPSM), which determine the cognitive/conceptual meaning of the metaphors, and the second is the Low Priority Semantic Markers (LPSM), which determine the secondary metaphorical interpretation. Animal metaphors involve transference of meanings, and whatever meanings or interpretations are assigned to a particular animal metaphor, are culture and context dependent. The paper concludes with stylistic and communicative functions of animal metaphors, with the submission that stylistically...
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