...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Child abuse is a global problem that has received tremendous attention in Western Countries. Not until recently was it confirmed that child abuse really existed in Africa generally and Nigeria in particular. The term “Child Abuse” refers to intention acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children. Child abuse covers a wide range of behaviour from physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of child basic need. Traditionally, parent or adult have been entrusted by the society with the responsibility of caring for and guiding their children best interest. Observations have shown that parents or guardians differ in their ability to care for and protect their children. Thus the extent of child abuse is difficult to measure, culture around t he world have different standards in dealing in what constitutes child abuse. In Sweden, for example, the law prohibits any physical punishment of children, including spanking. By contrast, in some countries of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean parents are expected to punish their children by hitting them. Ordinarily, there is nothing wrong with that, but in cases where families or adults engage in practices that interfere with or inhibits a child, generally welfare and educational development, calls for serious concern in Africa in general cannot be left out in this performance problems. Often, feelings of guilt violation and lowered self esteem have...
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...we have to do it in order to show them right from wrong. This being said, all parents raise their children different and have a different definition of what the appropriate punishment is for their child. Over the past couple of years, a huge controversy had been made over parents using corporal punishment such as spanking to discipline their child. Corporal punishment is the use of physical force causing pain, but not wounds, as a means of discipline.” Spanking, rapping on the head and slapping are forms of corporal punishment which we do not classify as abuse. There are two factors to be taken into consideration when distinguishing between corporal punishment and physical abuse: intensity: the extent to which injuries have resulted from the use of violence, intention: the extent to which the intention is to teach/discipline. Corporal punishment is just one of the wrong ways to discipline a child. The aim is not to substitute corporal punishment with psychological abuse but to discipline without using violence (UNICEF, 2010). Corporal punishment is a tremendous controversial issue among Americans all across the country. Many studies have been researched to prove the behavior of children that have been disciplined with corporal punishment and how it affects the well-being of the child at the present time as well as in the future. Parents are not the only individuals that have been allowed to discipline their children with such punishment, our children’s teachers and caretakers...
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...investigation into the effects of substance abuse as a cultural habit on the health of students at Manchester High School within the age group 14- 20. Research Questions * What are the types of substances mainly abused? * How has substance abuse become a cultural habit? * What are the most devastating health effects of substance abuse? * What are the possible solutions to reduce the number of students who indulge in substance abuse? Rationale Substance abuse is a growing trend amongst teenagers including those at Manchester High and being within that age group, the researcher’s interest was generated to uncover how substance abuse as a cultural habit affects one’s health. The researcher’s aim is to educate the readers about these habits and highlight the reasons youths are involved thus identifying ways to solve the problems. The researcher also aims to fulfill the outlined requirements of the CAPE Caribbean Studies course. Delimitations The research is delimited to the effects of substances abuse from the perspectives of fourth to sixth form students at Manchester High School, located at 4 Perth Road, Mandeville Manchester. The sample size chosen was twenty (20) participants between the ages of 14-20 of both genders, which are essentially fourth to sixth form students. This group was ideal as they are the most likely group who would be aware of substance abuse. The sample size was selected as it was an easy range of students to study. Definition...
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...Dysfunctional Family A dysfunctional family is a family, in which conflict, misbehavior and even abuse on the part of individual members of the family occur continually, leading other members to accommodate such actions. Dysfunctional families are most often a result of the alcoholism, substance abuse, or other addictions of parents, parents' untreated mental illnesses/defects or personality disorders, or the parents emulating their own dysfunctional parents and dysfunctional family experiences. Types of Dysfunctional Families 1. The Alcoholic or Chemically Dependent Family System 2. The Emotionally or Psychologically Disturbed Family System 3. The Physically or Sexually Abusing Family System 4. The Religious Fundamentalist or Rigidly Dogmatic Family System [References] Kizziar, Dr. J. (2011). Types Of Dysfunctional Families | Child Abuse Statistics, Child Abuse Stories. Retrieved from http://www.child-abuses.com/tag/types-of-dysfunctional-families Roles of Dysfunctional Families "The Good Child" - often the family hero who assumes the parent role 2. "The Problem Child" - becomes the scapegoat 3. "Caretaker" - takes responsibility for the emotional well-being of the family 4. "The Lost Child" inconspicuous, the quiet one [References] Bradshaw, J. (2010). Dysfunctional Family. Retrieved from http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Dysfunctional_family WHAT GOES WRONG IN DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES? * Deficient Parents Deficient parents hurt their children more...
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...online]. May 2016;106(5):872-880. Available from: Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 22, 2016. The disparity among young adults who use drugs in the United States of America has been highly an intense topic of studies. The article "Health Disparities in Drugs and Alcohol Use Disorder" was written by a group of researchers who study the racism and the ethnicity of pervasiveness of substance use disorder in youth during their twelve years after incarceration. The authors ways of reason on how the black youth are more likely to...
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...from 1945-1964. Corporal punishment was a common practice and a method to inflict plain to curb a negative behavior of a child or an adult. Those of us who are old enough hear stories from the Baby Boomer Generation. Teachers, caregivers, and day care centers were permitted to spank someone else’s child. Imagine going to school and failing a test some teachers back then would go as far as hitting a student with a wooden ruler hoping it would curb the behavior of the student to study and pass the next exam. While many parents did not know this was happening to his or hers child. Nevertheless, many people born from 1961-1981 and are from Generation X experienced a something called spanking. This was when a child did something against the social norms of society that parents felt were unacceptable. The child was not subject or spanked by a wooden ruler. An adult spanked he or she...
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...will have a negative effect on their children’s education due to alcohol, drugs and the lack of focus. However, how does homeschooling affect children? Homeschooling is not an effective option because homeschooled children are isolated and poorly socialized, not educated properly, and are at high risk for child abuse. There is strong evidence to support that homeschooled students are isolated and are poorly socialized. Margaret Boyce (2010) who offers her own opinions about homeschooling in the Holland Sentinel, a Michigan newspaper, says that parents of homeschooled children speak very highly of the imaginations developed by their “lonely child”. They are always around adults, and they have little opportunity to develop friendships with children their own age. Homeschooled children never have the chance to have spirit for their school. There is more to school than learning; there is summer break and weekends. Michael Haverluck (2010), who is a writer and reporter for the Christian Broadcasting Network, says that ninety-two percent of public school superintendents believe homeschooled children are emotionally unstable, and deprived of proper social skills. Homeschooled students are poorly socialized, and need to interact with people of their own age. In addition, homeschooled children are not educated properly when it comes to science. Shives (2010), who is an online writer and critic, says that homeschool science curriculum is wrong; it educates the child on creationism rather...
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...impact on children. One area for concern is how early media exposure influences cognitive development and academic achievement. Heather Kirkorian, Ellen Wartella, and Daniel Anderson summarize the relevant research and provide suggestions for maximizing the positive effects of media and minimizing the negative effects. One focus of the authors is the seemingly unique effect of television on children under age two. Although research clearly demonstrates that well-designed, age-appropriate, educational television can be beneficial to children of preschool age, studies on infants and toddlers suggest that these young children may better understand and learn from real-life experiences than they do from video. Moreover, some research suggests that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. With respect to children over two, the authors emphasize the importance of content in mediating the effect of television on cognitive skills and academic achievement. Early exposure to age-appropriate programs designed around an educational curriculum is associated with cognitive and academic enhancement, whereas exposure to pure entertainment, and violent content in particular, is associated with poorer cognitive development and lower academic achievement. The authors point out that producers and parents can take steps to maximize the positive effects of media and minimize the negative effects. They note that research on children’s television...
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...According to Dave Pelzer, author of A Child Called “it,” “Childhood should be carefree, playing in the sun; not living a nightmare in the darkness of the soul” (Pelzer, 1995, pg.98). Meaning, children should be able to enjoy their carefree lives and not worry about pain. Child Sexual Abuse is a very harrowing experience for many victims. As the child continues to develop though, the sexual abuse can have an enormous impact on their lives, to the extent sometimes that the child no longer realizes it. This is called normalization, according to the Southeast Center Against Sexual Assault and Violence, Normalization of the survivors’ reactions to the abuse experience and the effects this has had on their psychological functioning, both historically...
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...parent or care giver who neglects their children’s educations, or neglects to attend to the child special needs education. When a child does not have structure are guidance in their lives there is a strong possibility that they will drop out of High School. Teens dropping out of high school have become an epidemic in the United States. According to Bridgeland,& DiIulio, Jr., Morison, in 2006).when a parent or care giver does not play an active role in their children’s education; the child will not take their education seriously because they do not have the support that they need from the parent; so majority of the time the child will make the dangerous decision of not completing their education. This is one of the reasons why the children do not finishing school. The role that a family member plays in the child education is very important. Bridgeland, DiIulio, Jr., Morison, (2006) states that adolescents are dropping out of school because their parents give them too much freedom. The parents are not as concerned about their children’s education as they should be. These children have a lack of guidance in their lives, and the issues that they face on a daily basis makes their education seems less of a priority; when they are searching for a place to fit in because they are not receiving the support from family members that they need. Even though the departments of education are forming effective strategies to keep students in school, (NDPC/N 2011),children that come from...
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...needed to discipline children. It is my belief that corporal punishment is not necessarily the best possible way to discipline children in this ever changing society we live in. Throughout this research paper, I will discuss some side effects that can occur in children from corporal punishment when administered either at home or school and some theories behind it. “Corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force causing pain, but not wounds as a means of discipline.” (Educate, don’t punish, 1999) Now, it has becomes difficult to draw the line between abuse and corporal punishment. Corporal punishment can range from a simple spanking to a tapping of the hand. While some parents do go to the extreme in punishing their children, I do not believe it is the majority of parents who abuse their children. In my mind, a swat on the butt or a tap on the hands does not constitute corporal punishment. Some children respond to time out or taking away things they value most, while others don’t. “Child abuse is doing something or failing to do something that results in harm to a child or puts a child at risk of harm. Child abuse can be physical, sexual or emotional. Neglect, or not providing for a child's needs, is also a form of abuse....
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...Child Abuse in the U.S.A Jennifer Bhikarry Barry University Sandra ROBERTS, Ph.D. Barry University Pembroke Pines, FL 33025 ADM 535: Applied Research Methodologies October 10th, 2011 Child abuse in the U.S.A I – INTRODUCTION Introduction Statement of the Problem: Purpose of the study Research questions II- REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE A - AN ADMINISTRATIVE NIGHTMARE, Deel, (1991) 1. A hidden type of abuse: a school leadership issue, Mitchell ( 2010) 2. Ethical or unethical? The Code of ethics of Georgia: a code to be followed. B. FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Physical child abuse: a cultural problem 2. Physical abuse vs. Discipline C - CHAPTER SUMMARY III- METHODS AND METHODOLOGY Method Sample selection Participants Instrument Implications for School Counselors and parents Results and Limitations IV- REFERENCES Child abuse in the U.S.A I – INTRODUCTION Introduction It has been said that children are our greatest natural resource. As such, children deserve care and protection to keep them from harm. This care currently includes thousands of professionals representing diverse disciplines such as medicine, law, social work, public health and education. Such diverse representation dedicated to this concern is indicative of the complexity of the problem of child maltreatment. Since the publication of The Battered Child in 1962 (Kempe et al), child maltreatment has been "on the radar" of these professionals who have endeavored tirelessly...
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...Domestic violence has been perceived as “normal” and an aspect of marriage for several years (Erez, para. 1). It is recent to society for partner abuse to be seen as a violation of law and to have a month dedicated to its awareness. Often, there are children involved in this sort of hazardous relationship; many people have sympathy towards the children caught in the middle. Innocent minds being exposed to perverted lifestyles at a young age touches the hearts of those who are aware of what is occurring in a household. Yet, not every person is completely knowledgeable of what exactly transpires in these situations. Furthermore, being informed of how to handle delicate situations and the ability to help children develop a stable lifestyle in...
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...Curriculum Planning This paper will explore the effects on a child’s growth and development. What factors, such as, poverty and abuse can have on the development of a child. What educators can do to help identify delays and develop appropriate behavior in children. Also, this paper will explore what children are learning in preschool and programs that can be useful in the growth and development of children. There are differences in the growth and development of every child. Growth refers to specific changes and increases in the child’s actual size (Allen, K. & Marotz, L. 2010, p 24). Development refers to any increase in complexity, from simple to more complicated, and detailed (Allen, K. & Marotz, L. 2010, p 25). Teachers and caregivers often get these confused. Growth defined as an increase in size, whereas development defined by the improvement and acquisition of skills. Growth often limited by the lack of resources and development, will still take place by using the resources a child possesses. Our textbook, states “growth and development are influenced by a child’s unique genetic makeup and the quality of the everyday environment, which includes nurturing, health care, and opportunities to learn the full range of skills that are evidence of developmental progress” (Allen, K. & Marotz, L. 2010, p 25). Every child grows and develops differently according to how the child acquires the necessary skills in six key developmental areas (Allen, K. & Marotz...
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...A child-friendly classroom is more than just mounting stuff on the walls OCTOBER 5, 2010 | BY KNEWS | FILED UNDER LETTERS Dear Editor, I still cannot understand how we can celebrate two things in one month. I had recommended that Education Month be moved to October and Agriculture Month be in November, since schools will be too busy with sports and such during September to focus on celebrating Education month. Amerindian Heritage is also celebrated in September. I hope there is a change soon. The Ministry of Education seeks to link child-friendly classrooms with effective curriculum delivery, hence the presence of quality education in this year’s Education Month theme. What is a child-friendly classroom? Speaking from the standpoint of a teacher, it is one which fosters learning to the maximum; promotes healthy learning activities; creates a fitting climate for effective learning to take place; and debars any hindrance to the learning process, be it anything from the outside that could affect the learning outcomes of students in the classrooms. The classroom is a teacher’s sacred space. It is where he will practice his skills whether they were learnt at the teacher’s training college or University of Guyana, to effect change in behaviour and deliver effectively the teaching curriculum of the Ministry of Education. The classroom is the most important place in the school environment. The classroom is important to both teacher and student alike. Classrooms ought to be the...
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