...Gail M Williams Limestone College Abstract Just close your eyes and imagine this, I am an 8 year old child who is left home with my uncle. I watched from my room as my parents drove away and the fear began. I entered the room to watch TV with my uncle. He put in a video of a sexual nature, as I get up to leave the room, he makes me stay. He touches me; I tried to get away but was over powered. Then it happens again, the sexual abuse and I was afraid to tell and face the consequences if I did. Child sexual abuse, is one of the most traumatic and devastating crimes with far reaching and sometimes, lifelong and lasting negative effects. It encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions and situations that at times may be difficult to delineate clearly and separately. Child sexual abuse is usually found in combinations rather than alone. Child sexual abuse is a problem of epidemic proportion in the United States as well as worldwide with many cases going unreported. Every day more than four children die as a result of child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is a crime that does not discriminate; it crosses all ethnic, social economic and racial lines. Key words: Effect, psychological, Self-Esteem, Child Sexual Abuse The Federal Government has established a very broad definition of child sexual abuse but has left it up to each state as to specific and detailed provisions. The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment (CAPTA) amendments of 1996 defines child sexual abuse as...
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...How Teen Mothers Describe dating Violence Abstract This paper will examine Teen Dating Violence (TDV) from the perspective of pregnant teenagers and teenage mothers. TDV is recognized as a major current public health issue threatening youth and is even more prevalence during pregnancy and parenting (Herman, 2013). The task of parenting and the stress that comes with pregnancy are two psychological issues that are beyond the capabilities of the adolescent’s period. Dealing with these stressors often leads to TDV with adolescent parents. Throughout this paper I will discuss the viewpoints of selected teen mothers and pregnant teens, their thoughts on the causes, and their suggestions on how to stop or reduce TDV. The method used to collect the data will also be analyzed, the research limitations will be discussed, and the impacts of the research result on the nursing profession will be elaborated. Teenagers have the most understanding of their age group; therefore, the thoughts and experiences of young mothers will be useful in the development prevention strategies specific to their needs (Herman, 2013) Key words: teen dating violence, pregnant and parenting teens, interpersonal violence TDV can be defined as any negative use of power or control in teenage relationships. Development tasks of the adolescent period, hurdles for all adolescents, are even more complex when teens confront pregnancy and parenting and may predispose them to violent relationships (Herman, 2013)...
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...intriguing theorist who provided support that adults and children do not think alike. He dedicated his whole life to answer one single question, and that is “How does human knowledge develop?” He identified himself as a genetic epistemologist. Genetic epistemology is defined as the discovering of the roots of the different varieties of knowledge. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the origin, nature, extent, and limits of human knowledge. Piaget was interested not only in the nature of thought, but in how it develops and understands how genetics impact this process, (J. P Biography, 2013). This paper will discuss the contributions that Jean Piaget made to the field of learning and cognition. Additionally, it will address the models of cognition development associated with his theories as well as analyzing the relevancy of the models to modern day. Jean Piaget started studying natural science when he was just 11. He was born in 1896 and was a native to Switzerland. He received his PhD in Zoology in 1918. During his early work with Binet's intelligence tests, it had led him to assume that children think differently than adults do. Through this observation it inspired his interest to understand how knowledge continues to grow throughout childhood. He suggested that children sort the knowledge they acquire through their experiences and interactions into groupings known as schemas. When new information is acquired, it can either be assimilated into existing schemas...
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...Geoffrey Vasquez April 17, 2012 English 1101 Corporal Punishment In America Although many are not in favor with corporal punishment, it has not fallen out of practice in many of the United States. There are some positive aspects in corporal punishment, but since this has never been apart of my childhood this is the reason why I am against the practice. There are many pros and cons that come with corporal punishment, but it is now only legal in 20 states. Americans deem this type of punishment technique as either intrinsically evil or very essential. Times have changed drastically, and the generation today does not agree with such physical punishment at school especially when it has led to child abuse in the past. Punishments should always have a reason behind them, but the society has the power to measure to what extent that punishment can and should be reached. What really is corporal punishment? “Corporal punishment is the use of physical force with intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior.”(Murray A. Straus 4) The practice of Corporal Punishment has been recorded as early as 10th century B.C, where the “Book of Proverbs 13:29” says, “ He who spareth the rod hateth his son, but he that loveth him correcteth him betimes. Withhold not correction from a child: for if thou strike him with the rod, he shall not die. Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and deliver his soul from hell.”...
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...Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse | Generalist 241 | Mandie Boster | 4/21/2014 4/21/2014 There have been an increasing number of reported child abuse and child neglect cases rising in the United States. We see them in the headlines and hear of them on the news but very rarely do we hear of stories of adult survivors of child abuse and the treatment or theories that have helped them overcome the trauma. This paper will look at child sexual abuse victims and the adult survivors that have had positive outcomes after treatment or therapy. According to Karakurt and Silver (2014), “childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is any sexual abuse with a child through the use of force, threat or deceit to secure the child’s participation, or any sexual contact with a child who is incapable of consenting by virtue of age, disability, or power differential”. The Social Work Dictionary states (1995), “victims often cannot or are unwilling to understand or resist the advances of the abuser”. Child sexual abuse happens to children of every race, age, and socioeconomic background; perpetrators do not discriminate. According to an article in Healthcare Risk Management (2012), “about 95% of the reported abuse is perpetrated by someone the child knows and trust”. When children are abused by people they love and trust many times they are afraid, ashamed or do not understand how to report the abuse or to whom they should report it to. The cases that are reported are sometimes not reported...
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...Impact of poor attachment on personal development Attachment theory offers an understanding of personality development and behaviour in close relationships and provides an account of the difference in people’s emotional and relationship styles. It relates to how resilient children will become later in life when facing life stressors. In its earliest form, attachment theory concentrated on the dynamics and quality of relationships between children and their parents, but it has since been expanded to cover the lifespan. The clear result seems that early parent-child relationship, and the degree of successful attachment, mediates and influences the course of a person’s development. (Howe, 1995) This essay is based on theories and concepts put forward by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, the two most important people who have influenced the theory of attachment. In this essay I will look at the impact poor attachment has on a person’s development and the reason for choosing to explore this topic, is having developed a keen interest around the influence of poor attachment with my father and the impact it has had on my life in terms of loving, trusting and sexual relationships. Pearce (2009) states that attachment is a term that can be used to describe the dependency relationship a child develops between them and their primary care-givers and progresses throughout the years of their lives. We are not born with attachment but “this special relationship emerges over time and through...
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...children in the U.S. (12.7 million), between the ages of two and nineteen years, are obese (Childhood, 2015). That in itself should be cause for concern. These kind of numbers are very alarming and show just how serious the situation is. What seemed to be a problem that has recently emerged, childhood obesity has been a growing concern for years. How did this happen? What is causing such a catastrophic health concern in our children? Politicians argue the fact that advertisement is to blame as this is an obvious scapegoat. We need to open our eyes to what should be an elementary problem and solution. While there are several contributing factors to this epidemic, poor diet and lack of physical activity stand out as the direct cause. Local leaders and parents must take a more active role to encourage their children to become more active and eat healthier to combat the overwhelming crisis of childhood obesity in the United States. Balanced is a term that should be in everyone’s vocabulary concerning the health of our children. A National Institutes of Health study indicated that obesity is a result of an imbalance “between energy intake and energy expenditures” (Cullen, 2006). In other words, children are ingesting more calories than they are burning. With the affordability and availability of fast food that is high in calories, and the prevalence of video game consoles, it is easy to see how this can be a true statement. However, there are several underlying issues that also cut down...
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...December, 20, 2014 Developmental Theories 2 There is nothing more amazing than the growth and development of a child. Several researchers have dedicated years to the study of child development to help us better understand this amazing time in their lives. Though there are many theorists and different branches of their theories, they are narrowed into three categories, maturationist, environmentalist, and constructivist. These three theories allow us to analyze childhood development and better understand how children grow and learn. Although there are many differences in these theories, there are also some similarities. In this paper I will discuss how these theories relate and differ with regards to a child’s development. How do these theories help us understand our children and how they grow and learn? I will also discuss the importance of physical, emotional and cognitive development, to the overall development of a child and why it is imperative for us to not only understand how they develop but how we can help foster that growth. A child begins to develop while in the mother’s womb. The genetics (the makeup) of the child are already in place. (Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2008) The child inherits genes from both mother and father. Piaget was probably one of most influential cognitive theorists. Piaget was a constructivist which means basically that learning occurs from actions rather than as a result of actions. Cognition generally refers to any intellectual process within...
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...for the experimental group. My observations were to observe both groups for a week during different intervals of media exposure. My nephews, the experimental group, were observed during and after watching television, using the computer, and listening to music. They were then observed when these forms of media were limited. My mother and sister, the control group, were observed during the limited periods of their television usage and listening to non-secular music. I believe there is direct correlation between adults and children who watch and listen to obsessive amounts of television, movies, news, and popular music and aggressive behavior, stress, dispositions, and sleep and eating habits. The case study observations supported this theory. Keywords: mass media, mass-media control, aggressive behavior, perceptions, adverse misconceptions, psychological adaptation, media nationalism, suggestive media, groupthink nationalism Mass Media Control Mass media can influence opinions, values and beliefs of the general public by controlling the language used to report and communicate information. Our minds, throughout life, become a playing field for the producers to influence the consumers to buy into their various services, trends, politics, and products. It was stated by Abraham Lincoln, during the Gettysburg...
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...Palak Patel Mrs. Roman Eng102 Date: 03/16/2012 Divorce in America In the 21st century, so many Americans are struggling with divorce. Studies show that approximately sixty percent of marriage in America ends in divorce, and this does not seem to be slow down (“Divorce”). Nowadays, divorce is more common as compared to the past. Furthermore, so many issues are related to divorce: couples do not want to compromise about their relationship, women are becoming more independent, and couples are getting married too young. According to Wilson, “couples who live together before marriage have higher divorce rates than those who do not, and less educated couples tend to divorce at higher rates than those with more education” (“Introduction to Divorce”). It is also possible that couples are getting married for the wrong reasons, and they are not putting enough effort into their relationship, and their marriages end in divorce. Children are struggling as well as their parents because when parents become divorced the children become divorced too. After parents get divorced, children face a lot of stress during their lives. In the 21st century, the divorce rate in the American family is increasing because married couples are refusing to compromise about their relationship which is posing a potential danger to children. The divorce rate continues to increase in America over last twenty five years. As a matter of facts, the divorce rate is higher in today’s society compared to the...
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...violence, parental substance abuse, shuttling from home to foster care, lack of money, power issues in house hold * Mesosystemic: Lack of communication between family and school, parent isn’t involved in child education, lack of friends, lack of supervision from parents and community members, lack of religious community * Exosystemic: Medical neglect, less social contact and support, lack of societal/professional knowledge around neglect, low-income neighborhoods, dangerous neighborhoods, lack of resources, lack of childcare, lack of transportation * Macrosystemic: lack of requirement to register sex offenders, lack of social norms around neglect, fear of reporting abuse * https://www.childwelfare.gov/can/factors/protective_factors.cfm * Protective factors * Individual: low stress, coping strategies, positive self-image, sense of purpose, academic skills, involvement in activities, problem solving skills. * Microsystemic: strong parent-child relationships, positive mentors, parent/caregiver well being, living with parents, positive and supportive peers, ability to bond with friends, interactive teachers, positive school environment, stable neighborhoods, * Mesosystemic: community center for children to go to, consistent home visitors, strong cultural values, church group, *...
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...attitudes. Gestalt therapists and clients’ dialogue, thus communicating their phenomenological perspectives, and their differences in perceptions form the basis and focus of experimentation and continued dialogue. The desired outcome of the therapy process is for the client to become aware of their actions, how they are acting, and the ways they can change their actions and learn to accept and appreciate themselves. Here, the emphasis is mainly on the process rather than the content of the therapy, that is, what is happening rather than what is being discussed. Gestalt therapy was mainly considered for adults. However, Violet Oaklander (2007) says that it is also suitable to be applied to children since it involves the body and the senses, all of which fit the therapeutic works with the children. The purpose of this paper is to formulate a response in the manner a Gestalt therapist would work with children of ages between 4 and 12. Here, the general and Gestalt literature is explored, synthesized and evaluated on working with this particular population, their specific needs and particular ethical challenges that may emerge while working with them. A comparison is offered on how different modalities with the children, and also a situation of experimentation created for the therapeutic work, built on the analyses. Gestalt Developmental Theory According to Jean Piaget (2004), there are four cognitive stages for the development of a child. From the age of 4 to 7, a child perceives...
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...Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel centered around a few years in Jean Louise “Scout” Finch’s childhood, featuring her experiences and the lessons that she learns growing up in the 1930s. Scout and her brother, Jeremy “Jem” Finch, mature in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama, in a one-parent home. Their father and aunt, Atticus and Alexandra, raise them with help from Calpurnia, their African American maid. Harper Lee weaves several different themes throughout the novel, but some are more prominent than others. Lee develops the main themes of growth, protection of innocence, and perception throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, disguised in the form of lessons learned during the narrator’s childhood. Harper Lee reveals her theme of growth...
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...Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings: Best Evidence Synthesis July 2003 Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings: Best Evidence Synthesis October 2003 This report is one of a series of best evidence syntheses commissioned by the Ministry of Education. It is part of a commitment to strengthen the evidence base that informs education policy and practice in New Zealand. It aims to contribute to an ongoing evidence-based discourse amongst policy makers, educators and researchers. The best evidence synthesis approach is being developed in collaboration with researchers. It draws together in a systematic way the available evidence about what works to improve education outcomes, and what can make a bigger difference for the education of all our children and young people. Prepared for the Ministry of Education Authors Linda Mitchell and Pam Cubey Copyright © Ministry of Education PO Box 1666 Wellington ISBN 0-478-18773-4 Web ISBN ISBN 0-478-18774-2 www.minedu.govt.nz Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings Best Evidence Synthesis Report prepared for the New Zealand Ministry of Education Linda Mitchell and Pam Cubey July 2003 New Zealand Council for Educational Research P O Box 3237 ...
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...Psychology What is abnormal psychology? Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that deals with behaviors that are not considered normal as well as psychological phenomena such as dreams and altered mental states, which have not been explained. The goal of this branch of psychology is to understand abnormal behavior as well as to determine how and if the behavior needs to be addressed and to develop a treatment plan that will help individuals. This branch of psychology also recognizes that there are many influences such as environmental influences on psychological development. The goal of many mental health professionals is not to force an individual to achieve normality but to help individuals who struggle with mental and emotional disorders to achieve fulfilling and active lives. However, to completely understand what abnormal psychology is we need to understand the origins of abnormal psychology as well as the challenges of defining and classifying normal and abnormal behavior. It is also important to understand how abnormal psychology evolved into a scientific discipline as well as the different viewpoints or models of abnormal psychology. The following paragraphs will hopefully help us to completely understand the branch of abnormal psychology. Origins of Abnormal Psychology The field of abnormal psychology has only existed for about 100 years. Although, there have been many forms of mental illnesses have been recorded throughout history. When an individual...
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