...ANTH 151 Literature Review Topic article: Evolution of the human body size Target Article Grabowski, Mark et al. 'Body Mass Estimates Of Hominin Fossils And The Evolution Of Human Body Size'. Journal of Human Evolution 85 (2015): 75-93. The article outlines the evolution of the human body size from unique fossils research technique. There was not research processed in last two eras in hominin body size. Since then, tremendous amount of fossils had been discovered and developing technology has improved the method to research and can discover more from the fossils. The cutting edge methodology shows that early hominins were slightly smaller than the previous species. One of the discover that we can say from this research is that we make the assumption...
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...1) Modern astronomy basically begins with the re-emergence of the heliocentric view of the universe by Copernicus. Who were the four other major contributors to the development of modern astronomy after Copernicus? Explain what those contributions were. Finally, why did it take so long for the geocentric view of the universe to be overthrown and what does that tell us about scientific research and our society, even today? Copernicus release his theory of the heliocentric view while he was on his death bed. Primary reason for this was because of the Catholic’s church control on society at the time and the effects it would have on religious society stating that the earth was not the center of the universe. After Copernicus released his theory, other key astronomers that supported and advanced Capernicus’ theory included Galileo, Keppler, Brahe, and Newton. Galileo Galilei, a contributed to astronomy and physics, advanced the use of the telescope towards use in astronomy. because of his invention, and ability to view the planets and starts, he identified four of Jupiters moons, and the phases of Venus which directly supported Copernicus’ theory, that earth, like the other planets, revolved around the sun, and moons, revolved around their planets. Tyco Brahe, an astronomer, under the support of King Frederick the II, established an observatory on the Danish island of Hveen. The establishment of this observatory was critical for the next 20 years in establishing observations...
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...complete understanding of all the issues she referred to, from being in our Global Environmental Issues class! In the first few minutes, Marris described the two narratives environmental activists often refer to when considering a morally correct state of nature. One of the narratives was The Garden of Eden, before the fall of Adam and Eve. The second was sort of a Jack Kerouac-like notion of pristine wilderness; the beating heart of what it means to be nature. These narratives are useless to us Marris argued. Humans now occupy over seventy-five percent of ice free surface, there is no pristine wilderness left. Non-human populated areas are either unbearably hot or icy and rocky. Marris claims “even the remotest places now bear the fingerprints of humanity.” Ecosystems are not stable or static, thus the notion of returning them to a previous state of being is illogical and impossible. We can no longer “put it back.” Why do we care about historical baselines anyway? We have no idea of what the...
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...science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of manybranches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent fields. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition. Subdisciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied, the kinds of organisms studied, and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biologystudies the complex interactions among biological molecules; botany studies the biology of plants; cellular biologyexamines the basic building-block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions oftissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; evolutionary biology examines the processes that produced the diversity of life; and ecology examines how organisms interact in their environment.[2] HistoryThe term biology is derived from the Greek word βίος...
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...empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity -Analysis of a social institution or societal segment as a self-contained entity or in relation to society as a whole. -he study of sociology aims at analyzing the patterns of human behavior, deriving their causes and speculating the future of the behavioral patterns in society. 2.a.Relation between Sociology and History: Both social sciences are now a days coming nearer to each other. Some time ago history was considered as science of some dates, places and struggles.But now people have realizes that why the particular event in history occurred? What was form of the same? In short history is another social science which is related to irect society and sociology. History primarily deals with past events and how they affected society eg how the Ino-Pak partition ,compel Sindhu(Hindu word it self has originated from Sindhu_)to prove themselves laborious, on the other end will be concerned with how people intereacted, how culture was affected etc during the present and before the partition . 1.Sociology takes help from history in mater of present studies.By comparing between occurring past and present events, one can estimate the factors responsible for occurring that event. 2.Sociology is obvious in history in that the social interactions of individuals have effected history, and then of course there is the history of Sociology itself. 3.There...
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...White Sharks, Shortfin Mako Shark, and many tropical reef sharks. The decrease of shark populations has already had devastating effects on local coastal communities. Two of the world’s largest fish are on the endangered list. The Whale Shark is listed as vulnerable for extinction. They migrate seasonally and are targeted by commercial fisheries. Whale sharks feed on krill and plankton so they do not harm humans, the most harm one could face would be to get struck by its massive caudal, tail, fin. Whale Sharks are beneficial to many tropical reef areas. In addition, the Basking Shark is also listed as vulnerable. These are the second largest living fish left. They are found in all the worlds’ temperate oceans and are a harmless, slow moving, filter feeder just like the Whale Shark. Basking Sharks have a very unique mouth cavity and is a sight to see. They are commercially fished for food, fins, animal feed, and their liver oil. Even peaceful, non-threatening shark species are at risk of extinction because of human greed. Reasons for Declining Populations Sharks have been around since the time of dinosaurs...
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................................................................................................... ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.......................................................................................... iv PREFACE....................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 FROM GRUDGING ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO MANAGING DIVERSITY .............. 3 IMPACT OF DIVERSITY ON INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS.................... 9 Diversity Climate Factors.......................................................................................... 12 Identity Structures................................................................................................ 12 Prejudice and Discrimination ................................................................................ 13 Stereotyping......................................................................................................... 16 Ethnocentrism ...................................................................................................... 18 Informal Integration...
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...| 2014 | | Research For Senior Managers | [research Project on : How to develop a small business and strategy] | | Table of Contents Contents | Page No | Introduction | 02 | Be able to develop an appropriate research question for a business research project | | 1.1 Identify a suitable area of research | 02 | 1.2 Explain the aim, scope and objective of the project | 02 | 1.3 Establish success criteria for the research | 03 | 1.4 Develop a detailed research question | 04 | 1.5 Justify the choice of research question | 05 | Be able to develop a Research proposal | | 2.1 Evaluate research techniques to assess their suitability for the project | 05 | 2.2 Select suitable research Techniques | 06 | 2.3 Develop a detailed research proposal | 07 | Be able to undertake a literature review | | 3.1 Identify sources of information and literature relevant to the research question | 08 | 3.2 Critically review literature to inform the development of the research proposal or the research project | 08 | 3.3 Record and report literature review in an appropriate format for the project | 09 | Be able to use data and information collection and analysis techniques | | 4.1 Collect and analyses data and information to inform research | 10 | 4.2 Synthesize data and information to support result and conclusions of research | 10 | Be able to present Research with conclusion and make recommendation based on research carried out | | 5.1 Summarize...
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...Malaysia College of Business Malaysia. Email: msy330@hotmail.com Abstract Aim of the study: The relationship between organizational culture and performance has been study and a clear link between them has been identified by certain researcher’s research. The main aim of research article is to identify and measure strong relationship between performance and organizational culture. Methodology: Literature review is adopted as methodology to assess the culture of an organization impacts upon process, employees and systems. Findings: Certain dimensions of culture have been identified so far and research shows that value and norms of an organization were based upon employee relationship. The goal of an organization is to increase level of performance by designing strategies. The performance management system has been measured by balance scorecard and by understanding nature and ability of system culture of an organization have been identified. Recommendation: The strong culture of an organization based upon managers and leaders help in improving level of performance. Managers relate organization performance and culture to each other as they help in providing competitive advantage to firms. Keywords0:0Impact, Organization0Culture, organizational goals. Organization0Performance, Employee’s Commitment, Introduction Organizational development has certain factors that improve sustainability on basis of effectiveness. The improvement in productivity leads to employee commitment as norms...
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...SCIENCE A N D HUMAN WELFARE’ I BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE M Y SUBJECT this afternoon is “Biology and Medicine,” but I think a more accurate wording would be “Medi- cine and Other Phases of Biology,” for to my mind Medicine is a branch of Biology. Webster’s Dictionary defines medicine as the science and art dealing with the prevention, cure, or alleviation of disease. Biology is the science of life, Disease might well be defined as life out of balance, and is in a strict sense a biological process. Whether it be an attack by microorganisms, or improper functioning of glands, or congenital misformation or maladjustment, or injury by poison or bullets, disease processes are in the last analysis nothing more than cells, tissues, or organs that have suffered injury and so not only fail to perform their normal functions but in most cases interfere with the normal functions of other parts, more often than not of the entire body. Of the two great divisions of medicine dealing respectively with treatment and with prevention, the former is much the older. It is far easier to observe the effects of treatment on a person suffering from a malady than it is t o understand why someone else escaped it. Some knowledge of curative or alleviative medicine was possessed by our cave-dwelling ancestors; in fact, it is instinctive in many lower animals. It gradually grew up as a sort of folklore from a slow process ‘Public lectures delivered a t the Rice Institute on Sunday afternoons in the spring...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com European Journal of Marketing 33,9/10 926 Received August 1997 Revised January 1998 A broadened conception of internal marketing BNFL Corporate Communications Unit, University of Salford, Manchester, UK, and Manchester School of Management, UMIST, Manchester, UK Keywords Internal marketing, Employee communications, Marketing theory, Case studies, Literature review Abstract Internal marketing has been of interest to practitioners and academics, in marketing and other disciplines of management, for some years, and published papers focus on definitions, the role of internal marketing in organisations, and various empirical investigations. Discusses the elements of a broadened concept on internal marketing, which emerges from: a systematic review and examination of the existing literature; case study material; ``expert'' opinion from leading academics; and interviews with managers. Richard J. Varey Barbara R. Lewis European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 33 No. 9/10, 1999, pp. 926-944. # MCB University Press, 0309-0566 Introduction Explicit discussion of the marketing concept in use in the internal operations of the organisation entered the marketing and service management literature in the late 1970s. However, this concept has origins in published discussions of the organisation of marketing systems from the early years of the twentieth century. It would seem that...
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...configurations supporting leadership differ immensely across global organizations. Appointing of leaders depends on the identification of people who have the ability to deliver organizational goals without the constraints of undue influence. The organizational ability to define the roles of the leaders enables them to recruit and manage the leader on the foundation of the specific knowledge, competency and skill needed to successfully lead the organization. The process of electing a leader is without doubt a huge task but the organizations need democratic election processes and strong accountability mechanisms. The mechanisms ensure that the interests of the company and the executive management properly align. The influence that leaders have on particular organization in its operational and strategic matters makes it difficult to appoint leaders to spearhead the activities of a company. This research bases its argument on the Totally Tubular Technology (T3) Company. The company needs to change its operational and leadership structure to achieve maximum returns due to is expansion to reach international markets. The study depicts the process of appointing a leader concerning the skills, knowledge and experience of the person. The appointing process involves the use of existing leadership theories and information from research articles based on how other companies in other countries carried out their elections. The development of the research includes the strategies, tools and processes...
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...4 THE GLOBAL WILDLIFE TRADE: AN INTERNATIONAL DISGRACE 5 WILDLIFE TRADE AND TRAFFICKING IN INDIA 5-6 A SAMPLE CATALOGUE AND RATE CARD OF WILDLIFE PRODUCTS 7 WILDLIFE EXTINCTION LEADS TO RISK OF GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEMS FOR HUMANS 7 MEASURES TAKEN TO COMBAT TRADE IN WILDLIFE ARTICLES 8 LEGISLATIVE ACTION 8 WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972 9 CONSERVATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT 9 PROTECTED AREA 10 NO RIGHT TO LIVE IN WILDLIFE AREA WITHOUT PERMISSION/PERMIT 10 TRADE OR COMMERCE IN WILD ANIMALS, ANIMAL ARTICLES AND TROPHIES PROHIBITED 11-12 PENALTIES 13 WE NEED TO CHANGE 14 INTRODUCTION ……….. Believe me. Trees are as much holistically breathing gas us; The wind perpetually exhaling from even the most infinitesimal pore of their emolliently serrated skin; is an unconquerably undefeated testimonial to the same. Believe me. Trees are as immortally loving as us; the unbreakable relationships that they form with every conceivably philanthropic entity of the atmosphere and beyond; is a timelessly exemplary testimonial to the same. So The Next time you think of chopping a tree for “Paper” or spuriously turgid bonfires to passionately enlighten your every dreary night; remember that you’d be insanely annihilating one human of your own kind, Instead. I’d humbly suggest friends. Please switch over to Lightning fast and non-invasively state-of-the-art Modern Technology. Please switch over to the unlimitedly bountiful Internet. Please switchover...
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...Agroforestry in the drylands of eastern Africa: a call to action Bashir Jama and Abdi Zeila Agroforestry in the drylands of eastern Africa: a call to action Bashir Jama and Abdi Zeila World Agroforestry Centre LIMITED CIRCULATION Titles in the Working Paper Series aim to disseminate information on agroforestry research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Other series from the World Agroforestry Centre are: Agroforestry Perspectives, Technical Manuals, and Occasional Papers. Correct Citation: Jama B and Zeila A. 2005. Agroforestry in the drylands of eastern Africa: a call to action. ICRAF Working Paper – no. 1. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre. Published by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Eastern and Central Africa Regional Programme United Nations Avenue PO Box 30677 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7224 000, via USA +1 650 833 6645 Fax: +254 20 7224 001, via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: b.jama@cgiar.org Internet: www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry Centre 2005 ICRAF Working Paper no. 1 Photos: World Agroforestry Centre Staff Articles appearing in this publication may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and...
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...CHANGE MANAGEMENT (MGMT625) Table of Contents Lecture # 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. Topic Page # Course Orientation ................................................................................................. 1 Benefits and Significance of Change Management ............................................... 5 Kurt Lewin Model: Assumptions and Implications ............................................... 8 Implications af Kurt Lewin Model....................................................................... 12 Some Basic Concepts and Definitions ................................................................. 15 Transactional Vs. Transformational Leadership .................................................. 18 Theories of Change in Organisations................................................................... 21 Life Cycle Theory ................................................................................................ 22 Teleological Theories of Change ......................................................................... 25 Dialectical Theories of Change............................................................................ 27 A Dialectical Approach to Organisational Strategy and Planning ....................... 29 Limitation of Dialectics; DA and DI............................................................
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