...and mother of King Ahmose showed growing signs of power as many cults proclaimed dedication towards them. Shortly afterwards, the New Kingdom produced the “rarity” of a “ruling queen” (Freeman 64). Queen Hatshepsut was a great example of how formidable and influential a woman could be when serving in a position of power. Hatshepsut was the daughter of King Thutmose I and when her father died, she married her half-brother, King Thutmose II. When her husband died, his son Thutmose III (who was only a boy at the time), ruled the throne and Hatshepsut was accepted as co-regent. However, she quickly assumed absolute control over the Egyptian empire by “claiming that she was ruler by right as the heir of Thutmose I” (Freeman 64). Her rise to power defied the patriarchal views set in place by the men in power and set a new precedent for the roles women led. Hatshepsut is historically significant for a number of reasons. During the time in which she ruled, her reign was peaceful, successful, and stable because “for the first time in the New Kingdom a ruler had effective control over Middle Egypt” (Freeman 65). One of her greatest achievements was the campaign she led into the land of Punt which resulted in many exotic goods such as aromatic plants, cattle, and ebony. Hatshepsut commemorated this expedition in stone. It has since become a celebrated relief as well as a depiction of her power. Socially and politically, Hatshepsut’s reign can be considered controversial. Politically...
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...Hatshepsut the Queen who would be Pharaoh Flora Molski Professor H. Stansbury HUM111 Born into greatness, daughter of a king. Yet for all she had done so much of her life is still so unknown to us. How could this absolute ruler be all but erased from the annals of time? Was her Step son/nephew Thutmose III to blame? Did he have her killed after watching her usurp his thrown for over 20 years (Sayer, 2012)? Did he chose to further avenge himself by completely destroying any hope that she would enter the afterlife? Hatshepsut’s legacy remained a mystery until 1904 when one of three sarcophagi she had made was discovered empty by Howard Carter in the 20th Tomb in The valley of the kings (KV20) (Brown, C. 2009). The search continued for who this Pharaoh was, how did she die, and why did she chose to progressively alter her image to male. The Religion of Egypt at the time would not support a women ruler. Not outside of the confines of a regency until the “rightful” king reached maturity (Brown, C. 2009). So if she intended to rule, she would need the support of the priests and through them the people. This transformation may seem drastic and unstable to modern eyes but to myself I see the most impactful and original political spin job in all of history. Hatshepsut was a millennia ahead of her time. I will be brazen enough at lay at your feet my own theory, that her disappearance was not done to be malicious. But was done to protect her. Hatshepsut the only surviving...
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...Black women of antiquity were legendary for their beauty, power and lover affairs. Especially great were the Queens of Ethiopia; Queen of Sheba (960 B.C.) Queen Hatshepsut: Queen of Ancient Kemet Hatshepsut conquered on the role of King in the 18th dynasty (1504-1483 BCE). She was the daughter of Thutmose I and his wife Ahmose. She was the principal wife of her half-brother, Thutmose II. She bore her husband a daughter but no surviving son. When Thutmose II died young, the title of King was intertied by son of one of his secondary wives- Thutmose III. At the time, Thutmose III was very young at the time and couldn’t fully rule. Hatshepsut half-brother, Thutmose II, took successor to the throne. Hatshepsut asserted in her propaganda that her father pronounced her to be the heir. Before Thutmose II...
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...to write my essay on figures 3-6 with 3-8, and figures 3-22 with 3-21. I chose these sculptures to write about because they’re obviously similar, but in complete different ways. First, both of these pictures are sculptures. they are both incredible architecture pieces. One of the first things that I have noticed, was both of the pieces were Egyptian. Also, they had something to deal with pyramids and the temple. Most importantly, all of the sculptures mean something. In the figures -6 and 3-8, they were Khafre. Giza was the valley temple. In figures 3-22 and 3-21, it was an overall temple. Along with that, it was Hatshepsut himself. All of these figures relate, and differ. All of these figures are similar. They both resemble power for a reigion. As observing, the figures 3-6 relate because they are both figures of Khafre, and figures 3-22 and 3-21, it was Hatshepsut and the temple. It is important to relate them because they were both powerful symbols. Along with that, the temple that they were in which protected them, truly shows the power that they have. In the sculptures of Khafre, the symbols (which was the lion) represented a powerful sense of horizon connected with the sun. (khanacadamey) That was very important because all of the Egyptians worshiped him. As many know, Egyptians are known for truly respecting their cultures. They’re very religious and faithful. They respect their higher power. That goes along with figure 3-6. Featured in that figure, is that temple. The...
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...historian, a theologian, etc. Hatshepsut was the only Egyptian woman in power to ever acquire as much respect and power as she held. Although she built beautiful temples and monuments, there is very little evidence that she ever ruled. What is left behind leads us to believe that she was once very respected but then suddenly vanished from record. All of her statues in her palace were found beheaded or defaced, her temple was abandoned, and her remains were never found. The question what caused Egypt to suddenly turn against her and where is her body? Dr. Peter Dormon, an architect who spent years studying the tomb that was closely built near the temple of Deir el-Bahri, claims that although the architect and Hatshepsut’s close advisor, Senenmet built the tomb for her, it became the place where he was laid to rest. Records depict Senenmet and Hatshepsut engaged in provocative poses, suggesting that they were secretly lovers. It was very common in Royal Egyptian families to marry brothers, sisters, and other relatives to keep a fluent blood lineage. Hatsheput's affair with a commoner could have been seen as a crime and also may have been the reason for her country turning against her. When this tomb was excavated, it was very badly vandalized as if Senenmet had brought disgrace on Egypt as well. In the 1890s when the excavation of the Deir el-Bahri structures were in the hands of Edouard Naville, archaeologists developed a theory portraying Hatshepsut as the evil stepmother who...
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...Discoveries—from the enormous burial tomb called KV5 to the sacred temples of Karnak—show how ancient Egyptians lived, worked, worshipped, and honored their dead. To provide a deeper understanding of Egypt’s past, head archaeologist Dr. Kent Weeks, along with other Egyptologists, leads viewers into ancient temples and tombs—including the resting place of Pharaoh Ramesses II’s lost children—some recorded on film for the first time. Epic in scope, Egypt Beyond the Pyramids demonstrates that as archaeologists uncover more about the past, their discoveries yield more questions than answers. Curriculum Links Egypt Beyond the Pyramids is appropriate for middle and high school classes in world history, ancient history, and art history. National History Standards Egypt Beyond the Pyramids fulfills the following National Standards for History: Historical Thinking 1 (Chronological Thinking), 2 (Historical Comprehension), 3 (Historical Analysis and Interpretation), 4 (Historical Research Capabilities), World History, Era 2. EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT HOUR 1: MANSIONS OF THE SPIRITS Egypt Beyond the Pyramids: Mansions of the Spirits takes the viewer on an exploration of the magnificent temple of Karnak, home to the Egyptian god Amun; the wonderfully preserved temple of Seti I, dedicated to the cult of Osiris; and the colossal mortuary temples of Queen Hatshepsut and the Ramesseum. The New Kingdom temples originally functioned as the dwelling places...
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...Chapter one of our text covers a broad range of history beginning with the legend of Babel. (1) The story tells us how spoken communication has been lost over the years and it also creates a foundation for spoken history. (1) The text then moves on to the city of Çatalhöyük, which was established around nine thousand years ago in south central Turkey. (2) This city had eight thousand occupants living in two thousand homes, which is an average of four occupants per home, that’s not so different from how we live today. The people of Çatalhöyük were an organized and technologically sophisticated society that practiced religion, and had domesticated plants and animals. (2) This is just another example of how even though these people lived nine thousand years ago people today are still living in the same ways. I think that has been the most interesting part of the beginning of chapter one; our society still has many of the same values and practices of our ancient ancestors. The next section of chapter one focuses on the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic era. (3) The people of this era lived before written history existed, around 3000 B.C.E. However, they were tool-makers and artists. The cave paintings at Lascaux act as a type of history as do the finely made tools and jewelry that historians have discovered. (3) The Paleolithic people were known to be hunters and gatherers, they did not have domesticated animals, they had few material possessions, and disparities in wealth were unlikely. (3)...
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...Women Breadwinners By: Arcelia Orozco-Medina MGMT 358 – Culture & Gender Issues in Management Dr. Dolores Olson August 7, 2013 Women of Yesteryear The traditional women has always been portrayed as the home caretaker, but was this always the case. We can look into centuries of history and see women of different eras and of different ethnic backgrounds, were they a picture of the traditional woman? Let’s look at some examples; let’s turn back the clock to Egyptian times. During the 15th Century B.C. there was Hatshepsut a women of political power promoting trade and arts. It wasn’t until a later times that she received the title of Pharaoh, Queen of Egypt. She was also one of the first known finding in Egyptian history. We follow with the most famous and ambitious of all, Cleopatra. She is mostly know for her struggles to win the crown and keep her country free among other things. She was with Julius Caesar, Roman general bearing him a son. Additionally she won the protection of Rome through an affair with Mark Anthony, and had three children with him. A lesser-known fact is that Cleopatra was highly educated and possessed an impressive intellect, being a student of philosophy and international relations We move now to the Victorian times and start off with Joan of Arc. Joan came from a peasant family, became a French heroine by leading the army of Charles VII. She captured and put on trial for witchcraft...
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...Chapter 1 Who were the first known humans and which time periods/territories did they cover? The earliest human-like creatures were known as hominids and lived in Africa about three or four million years ago. They were known as “southern ape-men”, having flourished in eastern and southern Africa. The Australopithecines were the first hominids that made simple stone tools to hunt or defend themselves, existing about two to four million years ago. These early human-like creatures were bipedal, meaning they walked upright on two legs, enabling them to make journeys on foot. In 1959, a new form of hominid was discovered in Africa labeled the Homo habilis or “handy human”. These hominids were believed to have a brain fifty percent larger than that of the Australopithecines. This allowed them to become more sophisticated in finding food and hunting in Africa. The emergence of the Homo Erectus began about 1.5 million years ago. The Homo Erectus were the first hominid to migrate to Europe and Asia from Africa. Describe the...
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...vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean levels 2. Demography: Major population changes resulting from human and environmental factors 1. 2 million people during Ice Age – allowed for growth 1. big game gone 2. more usable land available 2. 50-100 million by 1000 CE 3. Regional changes altered skin color,...
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...HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BY DR. KAKAI P.W THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course, it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui, An Introduction To African History, 1991 p33). Do you think this is still the way we use the word barbarian? The Latin speakers referred to hunters, food-gatherers as savage. In the 17th century this term ‘savage’ referred to a person without art, literacy, or society who lived in fear of existence and death. ‘Primitive’ on the other hand, in Latin meant ‘the first or original’. Europeans used these words interchangeably when referring to non-Europeans while the word civilization was preserved to describe historical developments of European people (ibid). Now the term civilization is no longer confined to the above development but also extends reference to non-European communities. Attributes of civilization includes observance to law, belonging to an organized society, having a society of literate people with advanced developments in urbanization, agriculture, commerce, arts and technology. The French thinkers of the 18th century referred to a person of the arts and literature...
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...THE HANDY RELIGION AN SWE R BOOK JOHN RENARD Detroit The Handy Religion Answer Book™ C O P Y R I G H T © 2002 BY VI S I B LE I N K PRE SS® This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine or newspaper. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Visible Ink Press® 43311 Joy Rd. #414 Canton, MI 48187-2075 Visible Ink Press and The Handy Religion Answer Book are trademarks of Visible Ink Press LLC. Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, at www.visibleink.com or (734) 667-3211. Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski Typesetting: Graphix Group Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Renard, John, 1944The handy religion answer book / John Renard. p. cm. ISBN 1-57859-125-2 (pbk.) 1. Religions--Miscellanea. I. Title. BL80.2 .R46 2001 291--dc21 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved ...
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