...Check-list Unlike the Greek city-states, the Roman republic embarked almost immediately on imperial expansion. Utilizing its citizen armies, the republic gained control of the entire Italian peninsula. Conquered regions were incorporated into the republic or allowed to remain as independent allies. Rome's greatest rival in the western part of the Mediterranean was the former Phoenician colony of Carthage in northern Africa. Between 264 B.C.E. and 146 B.C.E., Rome defeated Carthage in the three Punic Wars. Rome's victory created an empire that extended from Italy to the Iberian peninsula and into northern Africa. The collapse of the Hellenistic successor states of Alexander's empire drew the Romans into the eastern Mediterranean. Greece, Macedonia, the Asian littoral, and Egypt were drawn into Rome's orbit. Rome and its Empire, (1995), Pearson Education, Pearson Longman, Retrieved from; http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/17/4390/1123999.cw/index.html The Regal Period. According to tradition, the first King laid the political foundations for the city, by creating the senate, and by dividing the people into curiae. He also extended Roman power by successful wars. Numa Pompilius is the antithesis, in many ways, of Romulus. He organized priesthoods, established religious rites, and sought to develop the religious life of the people. It was the main purpose of Tullus Hostilius, as it had been that of Romulus, to extend the material power of Rome. Ancus Marcius, the fourth...
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...Greek Cultures Government Geographical Terrain Economics and Trade Practices Art and Architecture Philosophical and Religious Beliefs City-states • Largest: Athens (Sayre, 2013) • Ruled by Democracy (Sayre, 2013) Three Social Classes: • Upper class (Sayre, 2013) • Middle class (Sayre, 2013) • Lower class (Sayre, 2013) Greek Islands were in the Southeastern corner of Europe, and were divided into two peninsulas (Ancient Greece Geography, 2012). Mountainous terrain and rugged coastlines, which offered good protection, but made it difficult for communication and trading (Ancient Greece Geography, 2012). Greeks attempted sophisticated economic analysis. They made and traded in both local and long distances, and had money to do so (Sayre, 2013). Because of the mountainous terrain, city-states used trade by sea (Sayre, 2013). The economy was focused on importing goods due to poor soil quality (Sayre, 2013). In 6th Century B.C, commerce and craftsmanship were developed (Sayre, 2013). Because the lives of the Greeks were dominated by their religion, their temples were by far the largest and prettiest (Sayre, 2013). The Greeks made three individual architectural systems, which were called orders, and each one had its own unique size and detailing (Sayre, 2013). Three orders: • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian This Parthenon belongs to the Greek goddess of wisdom, Athena Parthenos, and belongs to the Doric order (Sayre, 2013). This...
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...It is easy to say that Rome dominated the region in which it thrived for centuries. While the Romans did face adversity, they overcame their foes and prospered due to their colossal infrastructure. The systems that they constructed played a major role in the expansion and stability of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Roman architects greatly admired Greek design, and because of this much of Roman architecture was based on that of the Greeks. While the Romans did borrow from the style developed by the Greeks, they did not copy their designs, but built on them. The Romans were very innovative in the styles and processes that they used in their constructs. Among their great architectural achievements are the development of the arch, the dome, and the aqueduct (Cartwright Architecture). The implementation of these design concepts allowed the Romans to build monumental structures that were supported by physics instead of countless pillars. Another milestone in their ability to build on such...
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...Ancient peoples were often much more advanced than modern people understand. Choose one example of a Greek or Roman advancement that improved their societies. How did this advancement affect the culture of the Greeks or Romans? Has this advancement evolved and is it in use, in some capacity, in the modern world? Ancient Civilizations Advancements Dale Fritz7/12/2015 8:01:15 PMI remember I was watching the history or science channel one day and they were talking about ancient civilizations like the Greeks and Romans. The Romans and Greeks were the first civilizations to invent and use a type of sewer system. In that time that was a great achievement, and one that we still use today. The Romans also built aqueducts that stored rain water that they would use for drinking and bathing. Rome: Cloaca Maxima. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.livius.org/ro-rz/rome/rome_cloaca.htmlRE: Ancient Civilizations Advancements Salvador Cruz7/12/2015 9:30:23 PM It is amazing what you learn just watching those channels. It was just amazing to me that you mentioned it because I didn't know that Greek and roman invented such a way to store water to drink and bathe but I wonder how long did it take them to build it since it’s all about hand making craft style in those days. To this day some of us are still inspired by their creation.RE: Ancient Civilizations Advancements Christy Ridgeway7/13/2015 10:07:19 PM. To be honest I didn't know they were the first to invent the sewer system. I honestly thought...
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...Individual Project Unit 1 Title: Compare/Contrast Greek and Roman Cultures Assignment: Part 1: Fill in the below table with both similarities and differences of the Greek and Roman cultures. Indicate if you are describing a similarity or a difference. If you are describing a similarity then place your research information under both the Greek and Roman culture. If you are describing a difference list the difference between the two cultures under each culture. Please fill in all 10 lines within the table, each row will expand as you type in your information. | Similarity/Difference | Greek Culture | Roman Culture | 1 | Different | The Roman Language was Vernaculan Latin (called Vulgan Latin. which has Italian, French, and Spanish | Rome based 771 before Christ by Remus and Romulus | 2 | Different | The Greek language was called Indo-European | The Roman Language was Vernaculan Latin (called Vulgan Latin. which has Italian, French, and Spanish | 3 | Similar | In WW11 Greece was invaded by FRG. Resistance fighters helped allies expel the Germans in 1944-1945 | Romans were conjointly attacked by FRG in 1943 and 1944 throughout WW11 | 4 | Similar | Greek literature originated with the LLad {and the and therefore the and conjointly the} Odyssey composed by Homer in 700 before Christ | Romans also used Greek language till the third Century BC. It took nearly two centuries to become a dominate literature of Ancient Rome | 5 | Similar | Classical age in Greece created...
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... One of the main causes of the plebeian revolt was the existence of poverty among the Plebeians. The poverty was a result of the actions of the Patrician, in some ways. What happened was that the Plebs assisted the Patrician to expel the kings from Rome and led to a republican state. The fight against the kings left the plebs in a very worse off condition. Since the patricians lived in the city, during the war their property would remain secure. The city was guarded by walls. However, since the plebs lived in the countryside, which was not guarded, their property was greatly destroyed during the wars. The plebs’ fields were destroyed as much as their property. The destruction of the property and fields was possible since the Plebs men were fighting in the wars leaving their homes unprotected. So, whereas the men were fighting during the wars their properties and fields were being plundered, making them very poor at the end of the wars. So the Plebs were not happy that their properties and fields were being destroyed by the enemies, when in fact they were serving in the Roman army for the sake of protecting their country. That abject poverty and the resulting distress was one of the main causes of the revolt. The patrician did not assist in making their lives better. The second cause of the revolt was the unjust law of debt. The law of debt stipulated that the creditors could sell their...
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...In my paper i’ll be talking about the difference between Rome and Greeks. I will talk about what the greeks did. I will also tell you about what the Romans did. I’ll probably pick Rome because they have done a lot in today’s world. Rome and greece have done a lot in today’s world. Romans have made government, calendars, festivals, and alphabet so that we can learn. Direct democracy is government where all citizens debate and vote on every decision. The olympics in Greek democracy are ‘’The Olympic Games were held every 4 years in honor of Zeus, the king god. The prizes for winning were fame and glory, along with having statues of the winners erected and sometimes even putting the winners' faces on coins’’. Greek Democracy modern money cash and credit cards ‘’Money was a revolutionary milestone. It helped to drive the development of civilization, by making it easier not just to buy and sell goods. Money continued to evolve in form and function. The ancient world’s stones and shells gave way to coins, and eventually to paper currency and checks drawn upon bank accounts. Those physical tokens, in turn, gradually are being superseded by electronic ones, ranging from credit card transactions’’....
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...City Paper 05/13/2016 Rome originally was a small town on the banks of the Tiber River, Rome grew in size and strength, early on, through trade. The location of the city provided merchants with an easily navigable waterway on which to traffic their goods.Greek culture and civilization, which came to Rome from Greek colonies to the south, provided the early Romans with way to build their own culture. From the Greeks they borrowed literacy and religion as well as the fundamentals of architecture. The Etruscans, to the north, provided a place for trade. Etruria was also well set for trade and the early Romans learned the skills of trade from by the Etruscans who were in the area around Rome. Early on, the Romans showed a talent for borrowing and improving upon the skills and concepts of other cultures. The Kingdom of Rome grew rapidly from a trading town to a prosperous city between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. The ruling class in Rome called themselves Optimates or “the best men” while the lower classes, were known as the Populares or “the people”. In general, the Optimates held with traditional political and social values which favored the power of the Senate of Rome and the superiority of the ruling class. The Populares, favored reform and democratic side of the Roman Republic. Early forms of the Roman religion believed that spirits were in everything around them, even people included. The first citizens of Rome also believed they were watched over by the spirits of their...
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...1. How is the discovery of beer linked to the growth of the first "civilizations"? The discovery of beer led to the growth of the first “civilizations” because it offered a healthy way to hydrate the body and its production came from available food products, such as gruel. To provide this new drink and make it available to others, they began to farm and tend to their lands. It became of great cultural importance to hunter-gathers, which made the substance well known among communities after just a relatively short period of time. Beer was a secure form of liquid that gave beer drinkers many health advantages, which helped shape the minds and bodies of their future generations and aided in the growth of the first establishments. 2. What does...
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...WARS The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 B.C. and ending with the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. By the time the First Punic War broke out, Rome had become the dominant power throughout the Italian peninsula, while Carthage a powerful city state in northern Africa had established itself as the leading power in the world. The First Punic War broke out in 264 B.C. when Rome interfered in a dispute on the Carthaginian controlled island of Sicily. The war ended with Rome in control of both Sicily and Corsica and marked the empire's emergence as a naval as well as a land power. In the Second Punic War, the great Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy and scored great victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae before his eventual defeat at the hands of Rome's Scipio Africanus in 202 B.C. that left Rome in control of the western Mediterranean and much of Spain. In the Third Punic War, the Romans, led by Scipio the Younger, captured and destroyed the city of Carthage in 146 B.C., turning Africa into yet another province of the mighty Roman Empire. Origin of the first Punic War Carthage had, in the 260s control of much of Sicily. This mattered little to Rome for it had few direct interests there. Thus when a complicated little dispute arose in the city of Messana in 264 and one side appealed to Carthage while the other appealed to Rome no one thought it was any more than a local quarrel. Messana...
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...Aelius Hadrianus was a man of Italian origin, but Greek in culture who had a burning passion for knowledge and unquenchable thirst for travel. Hadrian was never the same, for his nature possessed many sides: a singer and musician, a physician, a geometrician, a painter, a sculptor all encompassed in a single emperor. Historian Ferdinand Gregorovius writes that an ancient Roman historian described Hadrian’s nature was so unique in that “A bel esprit of so brilliant a character has not often been seen among men.” Indeed, Hadrian was blessed with a gifted mind and a curious spirit for knowledge, seeking to know everything that there was to possibly know. His vast wisdom pervaded his role as ruler, and under his wise policies...
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...Legend of Romulus and Remus: Founders of Rome Romulus and Remus’ family were of royal descent. Their grandfather, Nimitor, was a king of Alba Longa a city of Latium in central Italy, or at least until his younger brother overthrew him. Amulius, the younger brother, inherited Alba Longa’s treasury and then was able to overthrow his elder brother and claim the throne as his. Rhea Silvia who was the daughter of Nimitor, was also the mother of Romulus and Remus. Amulius wanted to avoid conflict of power of any sort, and so he killed all his elder brother’s male heirs, Also to prevent from any more being born, he made Rhea Silvia become a Vestal Virgin. A Vestal Virgin is a priestess of Vesta, the patron goddess of the hearth, and they are out in charge of a so called ‘sacred’ fire that cannot, under any circumstances, be extinguished, and live a life of celibacy. Rhea Silvia was found to be pregnant, and the father of Romulus and Remus is not known for a fact. In the many different versions of the legend comes with different ideas of the father of the twins. The possible fathers could be Mars, God of War, or Hercules, the half god, but most likely what happened is that she was raped by an unknown man. To cover that the fact she might have been raped or some other circumstance, and to protect her life and the life of the unborn child (child; singular because at this time they could not tell if a woman was to have a multiple pregnancy), Rhea Silvia claimed that her pregnancy...
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...was for the piece. What if I told you that I already had, and that I have already wrote a book about my first hand experiences? Here is a few of my favorite chapters in my new book for you to preview. Roman Civilizations I traveled to Rome around 80 C.E. and I witnessed a firsthand experience of the famous amphitheater, “The Flavian Colosseum.” I could not believe the beauty of this architectural structure at its young age. Since visiting it in modern times is nothing like seeing it in action, and watching the shows there was extremely entertaining. Many theaters were created in the state around this era because of the states policy to provide entertainment to the public, and in the Colosseum specifically the people were entertained with shows of bloody battles between two humans, humans and animals, and two animals (Benton & DiYanni, 2007). The cost for this architectural wonder is still unknown, but the Emperor Titus raided the city of Jerusalem around 70 C.E. gaining many treasures from the city. The raid of Jerusalem was the main income that funded the construction of the Colosseum, and it was complete sometime around 80 C.E. Estimates of around 100,000 prisoners from the Jewish war were brought back to Rome as slaves to help build the Colosseum, and they were tasked with much of the manual labor like carrying stones for miles from...
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...After the Etruscans, Rome adopted much of their culture, and as a result many aspects of their architecture. But, once the Romans had adopted their style of architecture they rarely changed it. A very important example of this exception is how they adopted their style with Greek elements that they liked. One instance in which this is shown is the Temple of Apollo in Pompeii. It is a rectangular building, with Doric columns surrounding the entire structure, as well as a large and intricate statue of Apollo, both hallmarks of Greek architecture. A case in which the Romans used some Etruscan elements is the Capitoline Temple in Rome. Once the Romans came in contact with the Greeks, they used some of their components, but they always stayed true...
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...in one place. To survive they had to move around for food and often follow their food. That lifestyle made it hard to settle and build civilizations. After the Neolithic revolution when agriculture was introduced, tribes could begin to settle on certain land. People started to grow their own food, which meant they had to adapt their lifestyle around the land on which the food was grown. Houses were built around farms and schools to educate children. After The Neolithic revolution the first forms of government were established. The Neolithic revolution set the stage for the beginning of civilizations. 2. The Egyptian history was...
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