...Innocence on the Western Frontier The western clouds divided and subdivided themselves into pink flakes modulated with tints of such unspeakable softness that it was a pain to come within the doors of civilization… How does Nature deify us with a few and cheap elements! Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature The West captivates people. The West both as a direction of navigation and as an idea occupies a magical realm where boundaries become blurred and what is light becomes twilight and dark. Just as the East represents the arrival of sun with its light and rationality—of darkness dispelled— so too does the West embody the loss of that sun’s light and logic and the commencement of night. However, there are more boundaries between East and West than merely the presence or absence of light. After the time of Columbus, the people who looked toward the West, and particularly the North American continent, saw more than just land. The West was a sacred place where magic, hallowed, and even treacherous experiences were possible. This idea that possibilities existed in the West that did not exist elsewhere motivated millions to leave the Old World for the new and redefine themselves in a Western landscape of unlimited possibilities. What is the West? These early settlers, religionists, and explorers to the West came to the shores of the Atlantic seaboard unsure of what to expect from the new landscape they encountered. By leaving their homes and coming to a new land to make a new...
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...Missouri River and stretched to various points in California Oregon, and the Sierra Nevada. The specific route that emigrants and forty-niners used depended on their starting point in Missouri, their final destination in California, the condition of their wagons and livestock, and yearly changes in water and forage along the different routes. The trail passes through the states of Missouri, Kansas Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, and California. Before the trail was blazed, the Great Basin region had only been partially explored during the days of Spanish and Mexican rule. However, that changed in 1832 when Benjamin Bonneville, a United States Army officer, requested a leave of absence to pursue an expedition to the west. The expedition was financed by John Jacob Astor, a rival of the Hudson Bay company. While Bonneville was exploring the Snake River in Wyoming, he sent a party of men under Joseph Walker to explore the Great Salt Lake and find an overland route to California. Early settlers began to use the trail in the 1840's, the first of which was John Bidwell, who led the 1841 Bidwell-Bartleson Party. In 1842, a member of the Bidwell-Bartleson Party returned to Missouri on the Humboldt River Route. Among them was a man named Joseph Chiles, who would lead another party to California in 1843 and play an important part in the subsequent opening of more segments of the California Trail. Throughout the 1840's settlers would develop short cuts on the route...
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...Joan Jett Pioneers Through Rock and Roll History America has been characterized by revolutionary people changing the aspects and perspectives of its citizens through innovative acts, movements, and even through word of mouth. Martin Luther King Jr. changed the outlook of millions of Americans on the racial division in the country by using peaceful protests and eloquently delivered speeches. Benjamin Franklin and the founding fathers pioneered an idea that a country could be run by the people, which was in direct opposition to the rule they were under in Britain. These two events have set forth a phenomenon in America that allows people to challenge prototypical roles and views. When it comes to music icons that have changed the normalcy of music during their time, one would have to be Joan Jett. She was faced with the overwhelming obstacle of battling sexism and gender inequality throughout her musical career, particularly in the Rock and Roll industry in the 1970s and 80s. The music industry was changing during the 1960s in part to what Americans were experiencing; the British Invasion, the assassination of President Kennedy, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. Rock and Roll quickly made its way into the mainstream being a powerful voice for the cultural revolution. Rock and Roll was a man’s world during the 70s and 80s, and women rockers were unwelcomed by both the musicians and fans. Joan is sometimes overlooked by history when it comes to pioneers to Rock...
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...I counted everything. I counted the steps to the road, the steps up to church, the number of dishes and silverware I washed … anything that could be counted, I did” (https://www.nasa.gov.html). How did she help get John Glenn to space? Katherine Johnson helped prepare the way for John Glenn to space by doing many problems and putting in long hard hours of work. As part of the preflight checklist John asked to get her to re-test her math to make sure it was positively correct. Katherine Johnson had become amazing at math she had started school on the campus of West Virginia State College at the age of 13, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and has made the world a better place by enjoying her work along with her many accomplishments. Katherine Johnson was born on August 26, 1918 in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Her mom was a teacher while her father was a janitor and a farmer. She had loved math, and she had been doing so well learning, she had been moved ahead grade levels. When she was 18, she had...
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...industry. Europeans needed cheap labor and sought African slave labor to be used as chattel on sugar plantations. The atrocities continued for hundreds of years when finally the nation of Jamaica and Haiti fought for the decolonization and physical freedom against exploitation. These wars took place in the late 1700’s. The knowledge of the black man physically fighting in the Caribbean is contrary to the tales of the docile American slave Dispora. Fergus also tells of the Eighty-Year’s Maroon War and a landmark treaty of 1739 which recognized the Maroons as free and sovereign people as rulers over their own territory in the West Indies. The people of the Caribbean did not wait on the benevolence of white and Europeans to end their suffering. The author introduces how Marcus Garvey, between 1910-1920 became an activist and statesman. Garvey, a West Indian and a Maroon by birth came to...
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...Patricia Nelson Limerick wrote The Legacy of Conquest to show how life in the West was very different than it was depicted before. She got the idea of the book when she went to a conference on the American West. “During the first day of the conference, government and business officials complained about the current problems of the West, and the prevalent presumption seemed to be that these problems were quite recent in origin and bore little relation to the distant frontier West.” (pg. 9) The West of the past has been depicted as a frontier process where Limerick saw it as more of a place of conquest and wants to depict that in her book. “Life in Boulder, Colorado, at the foot of the Flatirons, reminds you daily that the West is here and not ‘out...
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...below. Be specific and give examples from the history we have learned.! A. An amendment to the U.S. Constitution changes laws for the entire country. Three amendments changed laws especially for African Americans. Explain how each of the following amendments changed the law for African Americans. (10 points total)! ! a. Thirteenth Amendment (3 points)! ! ! The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It freed all African Americans and prevented them from being forced to return to slavery.! ! ! b. Fourteenth Amendment (4 points)! ! ! ! c. Fifteenth Amendment (3 points)! ! ! ! The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. All African Americans were now counted for purposes of representation.! The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. Therefore it gave Black men the right to vote. ! B. Answer the following questions:(10 points)! ! a. What challenges did the United States face in redefining the Union after the war? (1 pt).! ! ! Reuniting the Union of the United State was a huge...
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...1) Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization. 1200-1900 The Algonkian tribes were in the Northeast and were the first to encounter Europeans. The Iroquois were one of the largest tribes with a variety of languages and traditions. The Anasazi were in the Southeast by the four corners. They made hand woven baskets and had unusual dwellings called pithouses made of mud and bushes. 2) The effects of British colonization on the Native Americans. 1600s The Native Americans had to fight to keep their land. Many were forced to leave their land because the British began building houses on the land. The British dominated the Native Americans. They spread diseases which the Native Americans did not have immunity for so they either left or died. 3) The evolution of the socio-political milieu during the colonial period, including Protestant Christianity’s impact on colonial social life. 1600-1700s After the Puritans lefts it attracted more people with different cultures and religions to America. The Protestant Reformation society saw itself as a whole that consisted of different pieces that worked together. Within this structure the Protestants saw individualism in religion. Religion impacted politics as well as socialization. 4) The effects of the Seven Years’ War. 1756-1763 William Pitt, the king’s new chief minister, viewed America as a place where England and Europe were to be fought for. In 1759 British forces sailed up river and attacked...
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...jesse perez 1.1 Converging Cultures Area 1 investigates how social orders in North America have changed over the long run and how European provinces created. A huge number of years before Christopher Columbus and other European wayfarers set foot in America, Native Americans started planting and raising products. When of Columbus started his voyages in the late fifteenth century, an extensive variety of developments and dialects existed in North America. When wayfarers discovered that Columbus had come to new grounds, other European investigations started to scan for new domain. New pioneers hoped to subjugated Africans to help ranch. The brutal treatment of the Africans was a sharp difference to the lives of the advantaged. While subjugated...
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...her father, stepmother and younger half brother Brain. Abnormally written, the author Alice Munro uses various tenses to envision the life events that happen to Rose. The story takes time within the great depression in a small town in the Ottawa Valley of central Canada. Their house took place behind a store in West Hanratty, a part of town that is filled with poverty and sicking people. Old men sat outside of Flo’s store “ They were dying, slowly and discreetly, of what was called, without any particular sense of grievance, “the Foundry Disease.” They worked all their lives at the foundry in town,” the heavy working class in this community were facing deadly diseases, but had not other option but to sit and cough all the time. Their budget did not allow them to improve their health status rather they hoped that “Dark sticky bottles of cough medicine” would solve their imperfections. On the other side of the town there was Hanratty “There was Hanratty and west Hanratty, with the river flowing between them. This was West Hanratty. In Hanratty the social structure ran from doctors and dentists and lawyers down to foundry workers and factory workers and draymen; in West Hanratty it ran from factory workers and foundry...
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...FAITH AND REASON ARE TWO COMPATIBLE REALITIES Introduction In the first stem of discussing the truth validity of this statement, we need to understand the meaning of Faith and Reason. Faith in my own opinion would be the entrusting or bowing oneself to others while Reason would be the use of our intellectual capacities to arrive and certain truths. In about to find the truth validity of faith and Reason being compatible realities, we are going to base on what some Philosophers and Religious people have send about the two to give its validity. As a human being may be defined as the one who seeks the truth, life cannot be grounded upon doubt, uncertainty or deceit. It would constantly be threatened by sear and anxiety. A search so deeply rooted in human nature cannot be completely vain and useless. One does not ask question about something one knows absolutely nothing about scientists who try to explain something will not give up until they find an answer. The same is true for ultimate questions; “the thirst for truthful answers to them is so deeply rooted in the human heart that ignoring them would cast our existence in leopard.” There are different kinds of truths “most depend on immediate evidence confirmed by experimentation, philosophical truth obtained by the speculative power of the human intellectual finally the religious truths of the different religions traditions to some degree grounded in philosophy.” Philosophical truths are not the domain women direct...
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...40’s The United States of America is said to be an “International melting pot,” inhabited by a number of culturally diverse people. Each and every distinct group has played their part in the development of nation whether ‘twas good or bad. I believe that the members of “The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,” (otherwise known as Mormons) have proved to be crucial to the growth of the U.S.A. in every aspect. After the establishment of religion in 1827, Mormons have been the target of persecution and discrimination by many. The bulk of this persecution occurred in 1836 when a group of rebel militia attacked Mormon headquarters located in Northern Missouri. This ambush against the Mormons sparked an onslaught of hate crimes to come. After being exiled from Missouri and Illinois, Brigham Young led an intrepid party of immigrants into the Great Salt Lake valley in 1847. The population grew rapidly, and by 1849, the Mormons had managed to form a civil government with Young at the helm. This brief summary has set the stage for this report, where I will evaluate Mormons of the 1830’s and 40’s and enlighten you on their beliefs, culture, and impact throughout American History. Establishment of Religion The establishment of the LDS church is a very interesting story that many people do not understand. “In the spring of 1820, a 14-year-old boy named Joseph Smith went into a grove of trees near his home in Palmyra, New York, and prayed to learn which church he should...
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...Abstract This paper will tell how the Louisiana Purchase came to be and how the U.S. acquired it. It will tell of the short and long-term consequences of acquiring this territory. It will tell of Thomas Jefferson and the political aspects of this purchase. This paper will discuss The Lewis and Clark expedition briefly and will have a summary of all the facts in its conclusion. A Good Price for Good Land The Louisiana Purchase is certainly one of the largest land deals in modern history, and also one of the best overall land deals one could ever hope for. As part of American history, it is the best thing that could have happened to a country who needed the space and who could not reject the price. Acquired in 1803 the United States paid $15 million dollars for well over 800,000 square miles of undiscovered land. That averages out to less than 5 cents per acre. At that price people would be lining up today to get as many acres as possible. For that matter, people still would be lined up to buy the whole thing even at today’s price of $283 million dollars. Could you imagine calling it The Oprah Purchase? The Louisiana Purchase was a very nice deal, and one the U.S. could not afford to pass up. The deal was arguably the greatest achievement of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, but it also was a problem for him. Jefferson was anti-federalist and while he may have written or played a part in the Declaration of Independence, he most certainly did not write the Constitution. Jefferson...
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...Chief Walkara and the Walker War Chief Walkara was one of the greatest Indian chiefs in Utah history. He was feared and reveared by many. Although he was not born of the great chiefs he became a great chief of the Ute Indians because he was a wise and powerful leader. He was a friend and foe to the Mormon pioneers and led his people to war against them. Unfortunately the Indians of Utah did not keep the same records as the pioneers did, which makes it more difficult to get both sides of the story. The purpose of this paper is to present the facts of the war and the famous chief and let the reader form their own opinion of the famous Indian chief. Chief Walkara There is no exact date of birth for Chief Walkara, but some sources say he was born between the years of 1808 and 1815 in the a Timpoanogos village on the Spanish Fork River.[1] Walkara was born of Ute heritage to a man who was the head of a divided Ute clan, and to a woman who was one of many of the Ute leaders’ wives. One explorer wrote that Walkara had thirty brothers of which four were from the same mother; his brothers were Arapeen, San Pitch, Ammon and Tabinaw (Tabby).[2] There is no information on the number of sisters he had, however knowing there were thirty brothers there must have been some sisters mixed in there somewhere. After meeting Walker, Thomas L. Kane wrote about his appearance and personality, ‘… a fine figure of a man, in the prime of life. He excels in various manly...
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...in the middle Connecticut River Valley close to today's Deerfield, Massachusetts (Bourne, 1990). Similar to the elders of other Native society, Algonquian elders have conventionally conveyed significant civilizing information to the younger age group in words. Such information, passed on in the structure of tales, take in the group's record, information on beginning, viewpoint as well asethical lessons. Verbal ritual communicates formal procedure, supporting code of belief, as well as managerial details. This is a very important part in keeping the group's harmony and wisdom of individuality. Pocumtuck Range Some people said that creating the tales, for instance also assist to describe for the listener wisdom of how human beings communicate to the originator and to the globe. So we can say that all stories explains the origins of...
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