...routes, trading posts, resources and map out the world. * Upon arriving to the new world, the Europeans began to kill off any resistance to their campaign. Attacked the natives, destroyed their lands, began to farm for natural resources, and enslaved some of the indigenous people. * Europeans believed by law and their given rights that their Gods had permitted them to take over and exploit any new cultures they encountered. * The Spanish Reconquista of 1492 made it so that it justified Christianity by exiling all of the Jews and Muslims. Therefore Christianity had to be spread, making it “alright” to overpower others and take over. * Christopher Columbus is sent out in 1492 to the Americas. The exploration lead to them colonizing, which later leads to the conquests. Encomienda System: The encomienda was a legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native Americans and autonomy. * In the Encomienda the Spanish crown would grant their conquistadors with both land and labor. They would be responsible for a number of Native Americans living in their land. * In...
Words: 2132 - Pages: 9
...History 101 The Renaissance paved the way for numerous other eras such as The Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment. The Renaissance brought on the idea of Individualism and how educating yourself and believing in yourself could make a better world. The Renaissance helped change personal views of one’s self and the world. The Renaissance is portrayed by a number of different ideas about Life and humanity, some of which are Individualism, secularism, and humanism. Individualism was a noteworthy concept that came about during the Renaissance era. It put emphasis on personality, uniqueness, genius, and developing one’s capabilities and talents. Recognizing individual efforts and then becoming known beyond the local areas began to grow during the renaissance. Artist started to sign their work so they could gain fame far from their own areas. This was different because in the middle Ages artist painted to glorify God, so that did not require an artist to sign their work. During the Renaissance the artist wanted to be known for being an individual and not to just contribute to a group (religion). Also during the Renaissance there was more attention to the development of the individual where education was concerned. The Importance of learning all intellectual areas as well as becoming knowledgeable about physical actions was a new development during the Renaissance. During the Renaissance you could become educated in many different areas this was...
Words: 1458 - Pages: 6
...Reformation The Reformation was one of the greatest religious and political movements of the 16th century, aimed at reforming the practises and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. Beginning in 1517, The Reformation was led by a German monk, known as Martin Luther. Luther argued that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and that it should be reformed, in attempt to making it fair, less greedy, and accessible to all people. He declared authority should be derived from the Bible, not the Pope or the Church, giving rise to Protestant systems of belief. This conflict caused a split in the Church, and separated the Christians of Western Europe into Protestants and Catholics. The disruption also triggered a series of wars, persecutions and the...
Words: 1839 - Pages: 8
...Jewish History Notes * Sept. 4 * * Three Ways to Look at History: * These are three different ways of interpreting historical events: * 1) Divine Causation (hasgachah pratit) is a theological term which refers to the sovereignty, superintendence, or agency of God over events in people’s lives * 2) Human Causation suggests that events in people’s lives are a result of the outcome of human involvement, i.e., God either does not exist or does not involve himself in the affairs of humans. * 3) Chronologically suggests no causation of any kind. Events take place divorced from each other, i.e., there is no cause and effect. * * * * How do we know if an event really took place? * Here is the criterion often used to determine if an event really took place. Note: If this criterion is not met it does not mean that the historical claim is false. * * 1) Multiple Attestation rests on the premise that, the more independent testimonies to a tradition there are, the greater is the probability that it is authentic i.e., more than one independent source refers to the same person, place or thing. 2) Contradiction is when a source mentions a person, place or thing in a way that serves not to benefit the author in any way Sept. 7 What is a fact? 1. Something demonstrated to exist or known to have existed: Genetic engineering is now a fact. That Chaucer was a real person is an undisputed fact. 2. A real occurrence;...
Words: 2585 - Pages: 11
...just after World War II, the alliance between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union ended. An intense rivalry between communist and non-communist nations led to the Cold War. It's called the Cold War because it never led to armed or "hot" conflict. At the end of World War II, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four occupied zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin was also divided into four sections. Lack of a mutual agreement on German re-unification was a important background of the Cold War. And on March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill, gave his "iron curtain" speech while at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, which marked the start of the Cold War. The cold war did not end until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During this period, the United States and the USSR confronted each other in politics, economy, ideology, and so on. And they nearly divided this world into two camps, socialist camp and capitalist camp, what made the conflict on ideology especially sharp. Every incident in the world could not happened without reasons, and the original cause may happened quite long ago. So there are long term causes and short causes of the Cold War. One of the short term causes is that the US President had a personal dislike of the Soviet leader Josef Stalin. At the Potsdam Conference starting in late July 1945, serious differences emerged over the future development of Germany and Eastern Europe. At...
Words: 6578 - Pages: 27
...Throughout the ages you can see people afraid of accepting new ideas or new machines out of fear that they do not understand them. This trend is so bad that sometimes a great idea will spark and an item will be created, but due to the fear of the unknown some ideas have failed and later re-booted as acceptance grew for the new idea. The internet is nothing but an information super highway and you get out of it what you put in. Wikipedia made its self the biggest fountain of knowledge on the internet or in any book form in just under 10 years, and an accumulated 100 million hours editing fixing changing and posting. During the printing press era the church was calling out in revolt claiming that the press was evil and “if not controlled, would lead to chaos and the dismemberment of European intellectual life.” Just as today we are told that tv and the internet is making our youth dumber. Uncontrolled information scares those who are in control. With free knowledge floating around younger generations can read...
Words: 712 - Pages: 3
...Given the relative weakness of the 16th century Europe, how do we account for the fact that European nations came to dominate most of the world by the end of the 19th century? In the 16th century, majority of the population in Europe was living in poverty. Europe paled in comparison to the great empires of the Ming, Ottoman and Mughal. Though Portuguese and Spanish represented Europe civilization to set sail and explore new lands in search of new settlements and viable trade routes, the Chinese empire lead an expedition of a massive scale larger than ever known earlier than that time with a different motive. Such expeditions imply these major empires could be suitable candidates for world domination. However, they became insignificant in the world politics arena due to internal declines and isolation. Strong and impregnable as they seem, these great empires had their weaknesses and suffered downfalls due to inefficient government and inadequate resources. The Ottoman Empire has expanded beyond what its resources could sustain. Coupled with widespread corruption and incompetent leadership, the empire’s armies suffered and became vulnerable to its Christian and nomadic rivals. The Mughal empire leader Aurangzeb, expanded his empire in name of purifying Islam hence weakening alliances with Hindu princes and disrupted the already fragmented social order. With focused expansion of territory using obsolete armies and tactics, the empire was drained of its wealth and fell when civil...
Words: 1164 - Pages: 5
...Dialectic Connections Part 1 1400-1648 1. Printing Press - Rise of Philosophes The printing press gave rise to philosophes and changed how people would begin to think for example the printing press gave people their own personal copies of the bible although it was written in many different ways. Due to this people began to think in their own way which gave the rise to philosophes. 2. Printing Press- Spread of Christianity The printing press gave mass production to bibles being created which gave everybody their own bible which spread Christianity. 3. Printing Press- Critique and Creation of New...
Words: 1037 - Pages: 5
...Defining “Modern History”: The Impact of the French Revolution The French Revolution of 1789 was major turning point in European history because it redefined the image of nation in a way never seen before as the people gained political control over their own nation. Therefore the aspects of this revolution have been debated as the beginning concept of “modern history.” This concept is derived from how the French Revolution demonstrated the will of the citizens as a political entity that could dictate governmental change by showing how the people, not the monarchy, could reform a nation. Through the establishment of a new government by the people, new institutions and policies were developed that the world we live as modern; such innovations included a system of power based on wealth and status instead of birth, and a new state bureaucracy. The ideas that drove the revolution came from the innovative thinkers of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, and inspired the people of France to question those who reigned over them. While the events of the French Revolution transformed France, the reign of Napoleon turned the revolution into a European event by sparking revolution in countries that had not already. Napoleon’s conquests helped spread the mind set created in the French Revolution around Europe. The French Revolution marked the beginning of “modern history,” because the revolutionary ideas that it created sparked the creation of citizen-governed nations across Europe...
Words: 1824 - Pages: 8
...virtue is an "other-generated" good in that it derives its value from happiness, precisely from its conduciveness to happiness. Virtue is an instinct in all humanity which can be aroused through self-examination. This universal truth is accessible to everyone who thinks and question. Socrates assumes that any person with whom he talks has the resource to answer his question correctly, that is, that no specialist knowledge is required. Socrates thought that knowledge is virtue, and virtue leads to happiness. It makes sense to think that moral people know what morality is. If you know right from wrong, then you might be able to choose to do what you know to be right. It also makes some sense to suspect that our beliefs about right and wrong influence our decisions. If we believe its right to help a drowning child, then it would be fairly shocking to decide not to do so—and it would less surprising when we decide to help the child. It is quite a shocking statement to say that virtue always leads to happiness. Criminals commit crimes that hurt others to help themselves. To think that their crimes would make them unhappy is a strange thought. However, it isn’t too shocking to think that helping others can make us happy, so doing the right thing might be more fulfilling than committing crimes. Perhaps the most shocking thought that Socrates proposed was the unity of the virtues—if you have one virtue, then you have them all. Courage requires wisdom, wisdom requires moderation (e.g...
Words: 7161 - Pages: 29
...A belief system is a set of mutually supportive beliefs. Many sociologists see science as a product of the process of rationalisation that began with the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and its success has spread to a widespread ‘faith in science’. Whereas ideology is a belief system by definition - a worldview or a set of ideas and values. Science has had a huge impact on society in the last few centuries with medicines curing fatal diseases and advances in communication and technology. Science and technology has revolutionised economic productivity and raised standards of living. This success has led to a widespread belief in science; believing science can ‘deliver the goods’. However, this faith has been dimmed by science causing problems. For example pollution, weapons and global warming are products of science. While science protects us from natural dangers, it creates its own manufactured risks. However the good and bad effects of science show features distinguishing it from other belief systems – known as its cognitive power. It enables us to explain, predict and control the world in a way that non-scientific or pre-scientific belief systems cannot do. According to Popper, science has been so successful in explaining and controlling the world because it is an ‘open’ belief system. This means that every scientist’s theories are open to scrutiny, criticism and testing by others. As a result, science is governed by the principle of falsification - scientists...
Words: 2153 - Pages: 9
...Industrial Revolution: The Future of Western Europe The Industrial Revolution was the moment in history when Europe began to change from a hands-on age to more of a mechanical age. The Industrial Revolution began mainly in Western Europe and soon spread across the world, including North America. Britain accelerated its manufacturing, business, and even daily life, being the center head of the Industrial Revolution. Britain first led the way back in the 18th century, and by 1850, its entire society was changed forever, both economically and socially. Britain’s decisions in the previous decades shaped the prime location for an economic boom, mainly by not wasting its time with an absolutist rule nor with too many disputes with other European countries. Through technological and scientific means, Britain propelled itself economically forward, letting the rest of Europe play catch up. By controlling the seas, it shielded itself from disaster in markets across waters. The living and working standards transformed with longer life spans and whole family units working in industries. Although these families faced horrid conditions in these factories, they were still able to make money in the long run through labor unions and new legislation. Overall, Britain became the leading industrial power in Europe, if not the world, as a result of a new prominent social class, a strong capitalist ideal, life altering inventions, revamped living and working conditions, and revolutionary maritime...
Words: 2628 - Pages: 11
... - increased use of military technology results requires lots of money: increased taxation, wealth - leads to formation of new nation-states that can afford to engage in such enterprises (i.e. France emerges as state in 15th century) - costs associated with producing technologies (i.e. gunpowder), building and maintaining armies - many texts recovered after fall of Constantinople to Turkish army in 1453; transferred to Italy and retranslated - Catholic church challenged with Protestant Reformation; increased role of patronage and royal courts - Higher status for role of engineer - change in values: knowledge for wealth, power and status over standard theological considerations and attaining salvation turning point in the story of technology - changes in attitudes toward natural philosophy and technical arts, and change in relationship between science and technology - natural philosophers: justify search for knowledge on utilitarian and not just theological reasoning; this signals a changing relationship between science and technology - another important development was creation of linear (geometrical) perspective: three dimensional images onto two dimensional canvas is new method of drawing and painting images - Leon Alberti (1404-1472) known as “father of perspective”: while he did not invent linear perspective, did help to perfect the art by providing...
Words: 3090 - Pages: 13
...The Printing Press and how it shaped our modern world To center a line in Microsoft Word, select Format | Paragraph from the main toolbar, and then on the Indents and Spacing tab beside the word Alignment choose Center from the drop-down list. Introduction to the Humanities Professor You can insert the date in Microsoft Word by selecting Insert | Date and Time… from the main toolbar and selecting a style. Date 05/14/2011 Prior to 1440 everything read in Europe was copied by hand or copied from wooden blocks carved by hand. This was very expensive and time consuming. The only people who were literate were those of the church and a small percentage of nobility. That all changed with Johanes Gutenber’s creation of the printing press. Johann Gutenberg managed to bring together technologies known for centuries before him, adding the idea for movable metal type. This led to the mass production of books, being them more available to the general public. The invention of the printing press helped ideas spread quickly making things easier for the reform of the Church and the development of modern sciences. "Renaissance" means "rebirth" in French and stands for the cultural, intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth century and lasted through the sixteenth century. However, the Renaissance was not the first rebirth of learning during the Middle Ages since many beautiful cathedrals had previously been built using classical styles: universities...
Words: 2948 - Pages: 12
...ignore it if you are looking for actual information. Key: • 7: The Renaissance and Reformation- 1350-1600 UMSUniversal o Georgio Vasari- Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect Male Suffrage o Individualism: People sought to receive personal credit for achievements, unlike medieval ideal of “all glory goes to god” Names Ideas o Renaissance: Began in Italian city-states, a cause de invention of the printing press, laid way for Protestant Reformation Events Books/Texts Italy: City states, under HRE (Holy Roman Empire) o For alliances: old nobility vs. wealthy merchants FIGHT P-Prussia Popolo: third class, “the people”, wanted own share of wealth/power R-Russia A-Austria Ciompi Revolts: 1378 Florence, Popolo were revolting [eew], brief period of control over government B-Britain Milan taken over by signor (which is a tyrant) • o Under control of the Condottiero (mercenary) Sforza- Significant because after this, a few wealthy families dominated Venice (e.g. Medici) Humanism: Francesco Petrarch (Sonnets), came up with term “Dark Ages”, began to study classical world of rhetoric and literature Cicero: Important Roman, provided account of collapse of Roman Republic [like Edward Gibbon], invented Ciceronian style: Latin style of writing which humanists followed • [Even though they weren’t in Rome, Humanists did as the Romans do] Despite being accused of following Pagan culture, Petrarch talked...
Words: 17289 - Pages: 70
