...Battle of Vicksburg The United States Civil War separated our country, the war had Americans fighting Americans, brother against brother. During the Civil War over 600,000 Soldiers gave their lives for their side of the war from 1861-1865. More Soldiers gave their lives during their Civil War than any one war or conflict combined. Historians believe the American Civil War was fought over pressures and differences that coming to a head during the country’s early history. This friction built up over time and came down to five basic differences basically. Some of those differences were economic and social differences concerning the North and the South, the Northern financial budget was based more on factories and industry. Simply put the North was moving away from agriculture life, thus moving away from slavery. However, the Southern states moved from other crops to primarily cotton crops with the invention of the cotton gin. At the same time they increased the number of plantations which in turn made it vitally important for a greater need for cheap labor, i.e. slaves. Thus, the Southern economy turned out to be a one crop economy, dependent on cotton and consequently on slavery. The next thing that played part in the beginning of the Civil War was the state rights versus federal rights. The North was pushing for more federal government laws and regulation, but the South wanted laws and regulation, that were handle at the state level with less federal involvement. Last, but...
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...Although there were a lot of other union Generals in the civil war, Ulysses S. Grant was the most influential in the outcome of the Civil War. He made several well-planned decisions which led to the Union victory in the Civil War. The Civil War is considered on of the bloodiest wars in United States history. To begin with, one of the very first Union victories in the Civil War was the battle of Fort Henry. The victory of Fort Henry opened up the Columbia and Tennessee Rivers which were the confederate’s two main waterways for the Union to use for the rest of the war. One of Grant’s most important battles was the battle of Vicksburg. This battle opened up the Mississippi River so the Union could use it for boats and transportation. One of Grant’s...
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...Page 1 Ulysses S. Grant (2002) Program Transcript Part One Narrator: October 23, 1863. Chattanooga, Tennessee. After a grueling four-day journey, General Ulysses S. Grant arrived at Union headquarters. He had injured his leg and had to be helped off his horse. Once again, he was dogged by rumors that he'd been drinking. He listened silently as his officers described a bleak situation. The Union Army was surrounded. Men and horses faced starvation. A Confederate victory seemed inevitable. Grant thanked his men, and began to write his orders. Max Byrd, Novelist: You see a lot of Grant in just that act of writing. The concentration and the determination. He never looked up. He never hesitated. He never seemed to search for a word. Geoffrey Perr et, Biographer: By the time he'd finished, he was surrounded by pieces of, of paper that he'd covered with his, his very even hand writing. In effect, he had fought the battle already in his o wn mind. Narrator: Before the war, Grant had been a nobody, a failure as a farmer and a businessman. As Commanding General, he was called an incompetent, a butcher. But he would win every campaign he ever fought. His plain, Midwestern w ays would captivate the American people. David W. Blight, Historian: There was something about that element of the American dream of that rags to riches story. He had experienced humiliation and he had understood failure. And I suspect a lot of Americans could see themselves in him. Donald Miller, Historian: Grant...
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...Missouri, Maryland and Kentucky, remained loyal to the Union. Nor were all the people within the 11 Confederate states committed to the Confederate cause. Slaves were also a potential fifth column. Throughout the war there was a steady flow of blacks fleeing to Union armies. The North converted first their labor and eventually their military manpower into a Union asset. The Confederacy did have important advantages though. Southerners were defending their own land and homes, which may have encouraged them to fight that much harder than Northerners, who were fighting more for the preservation of the Union. In 1861 most Southerners were confident that, man for man, they were better soldiers than Northerners. The South placed more emphasis on martial virtues than the North. In 1860 most of the military colleges in the USA were in slave states. The elite of the nation’s generals had all been Southerners. Most military experts thought that farmers, who knew how to ride and shoot, made better soldiers than industrial workers. This proved to be wrong with the emergence of Ulysses S. Grant. Grant, at the beginning of his military career, wasn't what would be an outstanding leader that he would be recognized as at the end of his military career. He served very well in the Mexican War but after that was assigned to an insignificant post and turned to drinking and was forced to resign his commission. He worked...
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...THE FURNACE OF WAR Bull Run Ends the "Ninety Day War” Know: Bull Run, Stonewall Jackson 14. What effect did the Battle of Bull Run have on North and South? North (and South) expected a quick war – Union believed a quick move South to Richmond would end the war – South’s victory increased overconfidence • Soldiers deserted with trophies, many believed war was over • Enlistment rates decreased; preparations for long-term war slowed – North’s defeat was better (long-term) for the Union • Ended belief that war would be over quickly • Caused Northerners to prepare for long war "Tardy George" McClellan and the Peninsula Campaign Know: George McClellan, Peninsula Campaign, Robert E. Lee, "Jeb" Stuart, Seven Days' Battles, Anaconda Plan 15. Describe the grand strategy of the North for winning the war. Union turned to 6-part strategy of total war – Suffocate South by blockading its ports – Free the slave to undermine economy of South – Cut Confederacy in 1/2 by taking control of Mississippi River – Cut Confederacy into pieces by sending troops into Georgia and Carolinas – Take Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia – Engage the enemy everywhere and grind them into submission The War at Sea Know: Blockade, Continuous Voyage, Merrimac, Monitor 16. What was questionable about the blockade practices of the North? Why did Britain honor the blockade anyway? Blockade began with leaks and was strengthened was war went on – At first...
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...this paper I will discuss how he became Commissioner, some of the problems he faced while he was Commissioner, and also his demise. Parker battled racial prejudice nearly his entire life. From the time he was ten years old he went to work as a stable boy on an Army post, and the officers would make fun of him because of how poorly he spoke the English language (Brown 179). When he was still very young he decided he wanted to go to missionary school to learn and master the English language. He wanted to be educated so that he could help his people as much as possible, and he thought that being a lawyer would be the best way to help his people. After he graduated he worked at a firm for over three years to help him learn how law offices work. He then applied to take the bar examination to become a lawyer, but was told that only white male citizens could be lawyers in New York. This did not cause Parker to give up, he was a very determined individual and sought to find which professions he would be admitted to. He then sought to be a civil engineer, and entered the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute where he took all of the necessary courses. He had several jobs after getting his new degree, but the most important was a job that took him to Galena, Illinois where he became friends with Ulysses S. Grant. Once the civil war began Parker wanted to fight in the Army, but was not allowed. He told Ulysses about the trouble he was having getting in the Army, Ulysses got...
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...states,the American Civil war shaped the United states into the kind of country it would come to be. The war would come to decide whether the United states would break up to become sovereign states or continue to stand as one nation. Also it would be key in determining if the United states would eventually abolish slavery or continue to dominate the world in slavery. These two issues would come to be widely recognized as the reasons for the war. This paper focuses mainly on some major personalities that played important roles during the war. It highlights their achievments and setbacks and Osuala 2 also takes a look at how they were instrumental to different causes and in general, their influences on the war at large. Stay tuned. Introduction There were so many people who took part in the American Civil war of 1861-1865 which was between the Confederacy and the Union. By the end of the war,over 730,000 soldiers and sailors died in the conflict (Shi and Tindall 506). Some of the most influential names that are still in the conversation today are people like Abraham Lincoln: As the 16th president of the United states, he became commander in chief of the union army and during the civil war issued the...
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...Liberty- theme developed first by Thomas Jefferson to identify America's world responsibility to spread freedom across the globe. Jefferson saw America's mission in terms of setting an example, expansion into the west, and by intervention abroad. • Transportation Revolution- early 1800s, development of steamboats, canals, and railroads. Faster transport of people, products, and knowledge. • National Road- First major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. Connection between the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and a gateway to the West for thousands of settlers. • Communication Revolution- Samuel Morse invented telegraph. • The Market Revolution- improvements in how goods were processed and fabricated as well as by a transformation of how labor was organized to process trade goods for consumption. • Porkopolis- Cincinnati was the country's chief hog packing center, and herds of pigs traveled the streets. • Labor theory of value- The value of a commodity is only related to the labor needed to produce or obtain that commodity and not to other factors of production • Second Party System- 2 party system • Democrats- white men democracy. Free markets, no limits on hours/wages. Expand religious liberty. • Whigs- strong, economically involved central gov. • Andrew Jackson- 7th president. Democrat. • Indian Removal Act of 1830- The act authorized Jackson to negotiate with the Native Americans in the Southern United States for their...
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...Union Naval blockade blocked supplies from getting to the south since Confederacy was too reliant on trade 7. Robert E. Lee one of the best military leaders in history, on Confederate side 8. Border States elaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. D 9. Significance of Washington D.C. and Richmond, VA Washington DC is Union capital and Richmond, VA is Confederate capital 10. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Confederate general who refused to yield to Union armies, great leader but killed at Fredericksburg 11. George B. McClellan Union general who was very passive and often clashed with Lincoln, eventually fired and then lost to Lincoln in the election of 1864 12. 1st Bull Run in Manassas, VA; Union winning at first and then ended up losing 13. Ulysses S. Grant one of the best Union generals; known as a butcher and alcoholic but lead the union towards the end of the Civil War 14. Shiloh Battle that resulted in mass casualties for both sides and horrified many people for what would come 15. Civil War in the Southwest didn’t go farther than Arizona, held valuable supplies like gold, Confederates defeated along the Rio Grande and retreated back to Texas; Both sides tried to get the SW...
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...Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 close to Hodgenville, Kentucky. His family moved to Indiana in 1816. When Lincoln was ten his mother died from poisoned milk. His father remarried the next year to Sarah Bush Johnston. Abraham liked her very much and even later recalled her "his angel mother. (Encarta)" Abraham had less than one year of formal education during his life. He was self-educated and taught himself how to read and write. When he was not in school, he worked on the frontier farm clearing out forests with his axe. When Abraham Lincoln was 21 he and his family moved to Illinois. There he worked on a farm growing corn. But more importantly here was where he gave his first political speech. In 1830, the same year his family moved to Illinois, he went to a political rally and was convinced to talk for a candidate on his behalf. According to a witness there, Lincoln "was frightened but got warmed up and made the best speech of the day. (Encarta)." Abraham Lincoln's political career started in the spring of 1832 by running for a seat in the Illinois' House of Representatives. However an unusual turn of events happened a month after he announced he was running. The store he was working at went bankrupt and he lost his job. Very shortly thereafter Native Americans rebelled and the governor of Illinois asked for volunteers to help put this down to which Lincoln promptly volunteered for. He never experienced actual combat, but during his 3 month time period he served...
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...Unit IV: Continuing Sectionalism, Civil War, And Reconstruction. 1853 To 1877 1. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 – A Bill introduced by Steven Douglas to organize the Nebraska territory. He hoped to build a transcontinental railroad making Chicago the terminus, but they could not do this until the Indians were cleared away and the land was in control. Nebraska would presumably become a free state due to the Missouri Compromise but to please the South Douglas argued that the territories should be left open to popular sovereignty. Douglas pushed for the bill and won, therefore the Missouri Compromise was repealed and the North was in an uproar. 2. Birth of the Republican Party- Made up of former Free Soilers, Conscience Whigs, and “Anti-Nebraska” Democrats. Presented themselves as the party of freedom though they were not abolitionist, but they believed that slavery be kept out of the territories. The Republican Party appealed too many to voters who not only disagreed with slavery but also wanted to keep slavery out of their states. 3. Stephan A. Douglas- Known as the “Little Giant,” he was the most prominent spokesman of the Young American movement. He held a series of state offices before being elected for the United States Senate at the age of 29. Douglas wanted to get on with the development of the nation; to build railroads, acquire new territory, and expand trade. This made him suggest and push for the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 4. Popular Sovereignty- Also known as...
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...through Georgia was the best course he could have taken given his circumstances. His capture of Atlanta and his subsequent march to follow is one of the most controversial issues of the war. At the time of the war it was commonplace for the military leaders to embed their troops in entrenchments that were nearly impossible to infiltrate. They would then rush their men towards each other in a bloody battle. General Sherman realized that attacking the entrenchments of the enemy was fruitless and killed too many soldiers. He went on a path of flanking maneuvers that helped get around these entrenched soldiers. He followed up this plan by attacking the economy of the South and breaking their resolve. The importance of his new plan can be seen on how his tactics of attacking the land and economy, instead of other human beings, and avoiding head-on confrontation actually saved lives for both the Union and Confederate armies. The march from Atlanta to Savannah has taken on a life of its own for historians today. The campaign’s impact has been over-emphasized by his contemporaries on both sides of the war creating a war hero or war tyrant depending on which side was describing his march. One of the reasons Sherman decided to avoid frontal confrontation with the...
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...Mississippi ratifies 13th amendment abolishing slavery ... 147 years late Academics prompt ratification after noticing that 1995 move to accept amendment detailed in Lincoln had not been completed * Share77 * * * 1 * inShare0 * ------------------------------------------------- Email Daniel Day-Lewis in Lincoln. Photograph: David James/AP Mississippi has officially ratified the 13th amendment to the US constitution, which abolishes slavery and which was officially noted in the constitution on 6 December 1865. All 50 states have now ratified the amendment. 1. ------------------------------------------------- Lincoln 2. Production year: 2012 3. Countries: India, Rest of the world, USA 4. Cert (UK): 12A 5. Runtime: 150 mins 6. Directors: Steven Spielberg 7. Cast: Daniel Day-Lewis, David Strathairn, Hal Holbrook, James Spader, John Hawkes, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Lee Pace, Sally Field, Tommy Lee Jones 8. More on this film Mississippi's tardiness has been put down to an oversight that was only corrected after two academics embarked on research prompted by watching Lincoln, Steven Spielberg's Oscar-nominated film about president Abraham Lincoln's efforts to secure the amendment. Dr Ranjan Batra, a professor in the department of neurobiology and anatomical sciences at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, saw Spielberg's film and wondered about the implementation of the 13th amendment after the Civil War. He discussed...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...reassuring to know that many professionals undergo these same strange compulsions before they begin writing. Jean Kerr, author of Please Don’t Eat the Daisies, admits that she often finds herself in the kitchen reading soup-can labels—or anything—in order to prolong the moments before taking pen in hand. John C. Calhoun, vice president under Andrew Jackson, insisted he had to plow his fields before he could write, and Joseph Conrad, author of Lord Jim and other novels, is said to have cried on occasion from the sheer dread of sitting down to compose his stories. To spare you as much hand-wringing as possible, this chapter presents some practical suggestions on how to begin writing your short essay. Although all writers must find the methods that work best for them, you may find some of the following ideas helpful. But no matter how you actually begin putting words on paper, it is absolutely essential to maintain two basic ideas concerning your writing task. Before you write a single sentence, you should always remind yourself that 1. You have some valuable ideas to tell your reader, and 2. More than anything, you want to communicate those ideas to your reader. These reminders may seem obvious to you, but without a solid commitment to your own opinions as well as to your reader, your prose will be lifeless and boring. If you don’t care about your subject, you can’t very well expect anyone else to. Have confidence that your ideas are worthwhile and that your reader genuinely...
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