...ASSIGNMENT: OB SUBJECT CODE: MNGT7901 COURSE: MASTER BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - LS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Self-Evaluation Benefits 2. Reduction of Prejudice 3. References I. Self-Evaluation benefits as it relates to leaders today. Self-leadership in this context should be defined as “a strategic and intuitive approach in influencing yourself in reaching your goal/vision via internal and external resources like Behaviour and mental Techniques. A better understand of oneself, is key for clear leadership style which will bring forth great improvement in relationship established and that in continuous basis Please imagine yourself as amateur Soccer player working hard to be an International successful Professional soccer player. This implies Backbone story knowledge In order to emulate a desired character to life, Questions need to be answered genuinely to uncover motivations and values beneath the surface of the Practice such as: Where do I come from, Who am I , what do I want and why, what happens if I don’t get it, how will I get it, what must I overcome,? As leaders, how often do we stop to ask these questions of ourselves? And what happens if we do? The result is gaining a better understanding and awareness of what drives us, like our values, what we tend to believe easily to and the...
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...realizing it. This prejudice or favoritism is bias. Biases affect not only our judgment but also our behavior, beliefs, and perception. Biases are selective, learned, culturally determined and can be inaccurate. Biased thinking leads to misunderstanding, wrong decisions, and to costly consequences. Bias can prove very destructive and is the foundation of stereotypes, prejudice and, ultimately, discrimination. A stereotype is an exaggerated belief, image or distorted truth about a person or group — a generalization that allows for little or no individual differences or social variation. A prejudice is an opinion, prejudgment or attitude about a group or its individual members. Prejudices are often accompanied by ignorance, fear or hatred. Prejudice begins with attachment to a close circle of acquaintances or an "in-group" such as a family and is often aimed at "out-groups." Discrimination is behavior that treats people unequally because of their group memberships and often begins with negative stereotypes and prejudices. Once learned, stereotypes and prejudices resist change, even when evidence fails to support them or points to the contrary. (Willoughby, 2007) When I think of bias I think of blatant ways that it manifests itself, but bias can be so subtle that it is hidden and hard to spot. If I change my conscious attitudes and beliefs this may indirectly change my hidden attitudes and beliefs. If I become aware of my hidden biases, I can suppress and attempt...
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...responsibilities to ensure that these goals and objectives are actualized. The success of these leaders therefore becomes corresponding to the success of the organizations they lead. They, however, must be self – aware. They must know that their personalities and behaviours give them impetus to achieving success while working with their people. They must be able to identify their strengths and weaknesses and channel them to directions that will make them effectively carry out their leadership functions. Runn, (2011) calls self evaluation, “self leadership” and states that it forms a critical part and foundation to a person’s leadership. According to Brodie (2011), leaders who are self aware can play to their strengths, get others to achieve equal success by utilizing their own skills, can easily adapt to changing circumstances and will think before they act. This is because when leaders become self-aware, they are able to properly sieve out their innermost values, their motivations, develop clear humane passions that people see and decide to follow them. Self-aware leaders know what it means to use their talents and abilities to serve people, to depend on others, to cross the finish line together with a group of people, to lead others to achieve a worthy goal. They develop...
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...Introduction Discrimination and prejudice has gradually become one of the major impacts and burdens in the workplace and all over the world. Research shows that both have existed for thousands of years and have been transmitted throughout generations. There are many phases to prejudice and discrimination and over time each has become more sophisticated. Even today, it is hard to believe that in some individuals mindsets they feel that are not prejudice nor have they ever discriminated against someone. People suffer through discrimination because they have differences amongst one another: different beliefs, different cultures, and different skin color. For this paper, I will discuss prejudice and discrimination, some characteristics of both and why individuals still suffer from prejudice and discrimination today. What is prejudice? If an individual stated that he/she didn’t like a certain color or a certain type of food would that be considered prejudice, however if the same person stated he/she didn’t like the color black because made them feel sad would that be considered a prejudice? Prejudice is an internal entity, a product of experience, an emotion felt or a belief structure. Prejudice is a set of factors that can cause an individual to develop a conclusion which favors one person to another. It could be a positive or negative judgment about someone or something based on pure feeling alone. Prejudice is a pre-judgment about someone or something based on the individual...
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...Question 2: Prejudice can be hurtful and destructive. Discuss how you can personally reduce prejudice in your workplace – please provide an example. Prejudice has been defined by multiple authors in attempts to explore this dense subject. Oskamp (2000) states that prejudice is a consequence of perceiving others as different from oneself or one’s group. Fishbein (2002) defines prejudice as an unreasonable negative attitude toward others because of their membership in a particular group. However, Allport (1979) provides a more in depth definition; he explains that “the word prejudice, derived from the Latin noun praejudicium, has, like most words, undergone a change of meaning since classical times. There are three stages in the transformation. 1. To the ancients, praejudicium meant a precedent – a judgment based on previous decisions and experiences. 2. Later, the term, in English, acquired the meaning a judgment formed before due examination and consideration of the facts – a premature or hasty judgment. 3. Finally the term acquired also its present emotional flavor of favorableness or unfavorableness that accompanies such a prior and unsupported judgment.” (Allport. 1979, p.6) Duckitt (1994) identified several interventions that may possibly reduce prejudice under “appropriate circumstances”. He explained that “these interventions have typically involved action at one of the three levels identified – that is, social structure and intergroup relations, social influence,...
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...the past nine weeks Ethics 125 has taught me the concepts of diversity in the United States along with the various proportions of diversity. I researched on my own cultural identity and ways in how it may affect the relationships I have with others. I have a better understanding on the effects of discrimination and prejudice in society throughout history; based on an individual or a group regarding their culture, race, gender, religion, sexual orientation or age as well as the effects still occurring in society today. Learning what diversity is and the many dimensions of diversity such as a person’s gender, religious beliefs, race, ethnicity, and many more groups has made me realize how diversity has shaped society in the United States. I grew up learning that although a person may look or act a little differently to treat them just like anyone else with the respect like I would want to be treated. The information learned on other cultures, and their values, beliefs, morals of other groups has fascinated me as well as the history of prejudice and discrimination these different groups has had to deal with. Learning my family history was very interesting as I never really thought much about how my family came to settle in a small town in Wisconsin. By the history giving by my parents and grandparents I learned that the small town I grew up in is basically where a small group of Germans settled in when they came over to the United States. My grandfather’s great- grandfather...
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...Celts invaded and set up to live here, bringing over iron and new farming techniques. However ‘with multiculturalism comes prejudice’ once said by Through out my coursework I will be investigating the question ‘Education or Legislation?’ Which will be the most effective strategy in overcoming prejudice and multiculturalism in society? This is the question I will be asking the public to determine whether enforcing more laws or educating children from a younger age about immigration, human rights and equality. My prediction is that the most popular opinion will be to educate as it could have a more effective impact. Prejudice is a perceived opinion on someone/ something based on reason or experience. In order to gather these options I have devised a questionnaire to hand out and analyse the results in order to come to a conclusion. Some of the questions I asked are; ‘Do you think where you’re brought up has an effect on your attitudes to a multicultural society?’ ‘Do you think there are enough laws in place to reduce decimation?’ ‘Do you think there is enough being done in schools to decrease discrimination amongst a younger generation?’ ‘Who do you think is to blame for increase in prejudice’ ‘Would you be happy with your child being taught about prejudice and living in a multicultural society?’ To complete this investigation effectively I will be looking at studies from professors, results from questionnaires, personal opinions from primary teachers, documentaries...
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...sexual orientation, age, and disability. Diversity can be in a specific region or in the world as a whole. We live in a diverse society that has its challenges and advantages. I’ve learned a lot about diversity throughout this course. Diversity has a long history and is important in recognizing people’s customs, cultures, and religion even throughout history. We as people want to express our own identity in a manner that we choose. This class has opened my eyes to how many different cultures there are and how important it is to treat everyone equal. The information I’ve learned about diversity in the United States has helped me better understand or relate to others in ways that I may have not in the past because when I found out what other people from different identity groups have been through in their lives made me have a greater respect for them. At my place of employment, the majority race is Mexican and I’ve heard stories of how some of them got to America and it broke my heart. I couldn’t imagine my children and I sitting in a hot desert for two days and only having water and cookies to eat and drink. I think diversity all over the world is important because it can enhance personal and social interactions which could make different identity groups get along better. By learning about the differences of our diverse society, I have learned different ways of living, new ways to think about other cultures, and how important it is to stay happy and not let other people’s...
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...Human Resource Manager I would provide Bob Wilson of Wilson Brother’s Limited with the following information around stereotyping in the organization. Stereotypes, discrimination and prejudice are similar concepts that are grouped together however each have their own specific characteristics and meanings. Stereotypes are regarded as the most cognitive component and often occurs without conscious awareness, whereas prejudice is the affective component of stereotyping and discrimination is one of the behavioral components of prejudicial reactions (Wikipedia). The textbook definition of stereotyping is the process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category. Stereotypes tend to be mutual beliefs across society and even several cultures instead of the shared philosophies differing from one person to the next. (McShane, Steen and Tasa p. 65). People are often oblivious to their own stereotypical opinions and engross in such sentiments for three common reasons. First, is that it simplifies our understanding of the world, second is that we have an inherent need to understand and anticipate how others will behave and third, it is motivated by the individuals own social identity (McShane et al., p. 66). Stereotyping has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include (as outlined in the website article Pros and Cons of Stereotyping): • It is a simple way of organizing and remembering information about other people • It reduces the amount of cognitive...
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...organization can especially benefit from conducting self-evaluations. It is essential for managers to be self -ware and understand how their own behavior and personality can give them a better perspective while working with others. Being self-aware allows one to recognize and improve their strengths and weaknesses in order to maximize their leadership potential. In Organizational Behavior, Robins & Judge (13th Edition) tell us that organizational behavior is the knowledge gained about individuals, groups and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively. A major goal for any organization should be to work more effectively and to continuously make improvements, this is summarized by the Japanese Philosophy of Kaizen. For an organization to strive to continuously improve the leadership and management must adapt and learn. There are many ways in which a manager can strive to improve and one of those is through self-evaluation. What is a self-assessment or evaluation? Daniel Goleman (2000. Page 80) tells us that an accurate self-assessment is a “realistic evaluation of your strengths and limitations” . A manager conducting a self-evaluation can evaluate and assess many aspects of themselves and their professional performance over a specific period of time. They could look to assess their goals/targets, competencies and their behavior. It can also encourage...
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...diversity in a new and different way than I had before. Diversity can be such an interesting topic. When one mentions the word “diversity” several things come to mind. An most often, the first thing that comes to mind is the diverse culture, right here in America. To gain a better understanding of all the different cultures around the World. A person could spend their lifetime traveling around the world, from one culture to another. Why do that? When all one has to do is sit back and take in the daily occurrences and experience everything around them. Right here in America. It is hard to find a country more culturally diverse than our very own, and yet we fail to see it. There are several reasons why one could fail to see all this diversity, whether it be a lack of understanding or just a lack of willingness to understand. For a country that is called “the melting pot” (Schaefer, 2012, p.24), we certainly still have a prevalent degree of prejudice and discrimination. Some would call it a lack of insight and willingness to grow, I prefer to call it ignorance and fear. Fear of differences and change. Diversity is the inclusion of different types of people from different races and culture in a group of organization. Diversity is valued because it allows all of us human being to be equal, as peers. No one is better than the other person. We are all equal and have the same focus, where the color of your skin or the gender of your sex does not apply. I have learned something new about my...
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...religion, gender, age, and sexual orientation. There are also factors that will stand in the way of achieving diversity in the United States and they are racism, prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes. Diversity can or cannot be found in numerous areas such as employment positions and promotions, wages and salaries, housing, and education. Diversity is usually over looked until it affects someone in a negative manner. Diversity has come a long way from how it used to be in the past. There once was a time when diversity did not exist. Different laws and regulations are in effect now that was not in the past such as the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Opportunity Act. I have learned that human behavior will have an effect on how diversity plays out. Individuality does not mean inferior, but sometimes our identities that express our individuality will result in us to be looked down upon by certain individuals or organizations. The people and organizations who commit this type of act are knowingly and specifically deterring diversity. I have learned a few things about my own race, ethnic, and cultural history since I have been in this class of Cultural Diversity. One thing that I have learned since taking this class is the study of Whiteness. Whiteness is a term used to describe the White Americans and just how White they may or may not be. Europeans that were mostly English did not define the Irish, Germans, Norwegians, and Swedes as White but rather they were considered...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Age discrimination has existed for a long period of time. The purpose of this essay is to examine the age discrimination issue in Singapore, and the scope of this essay will covers the issues and the group of people involved, why it is important for us to talk about it, and where we can start to fix the problem. All the results reported in the essay were obtained from the newspaper articles, internet as well as a self-driven survey. (79 words) THE ISSUES AND WHO ARE INVOLVED Prejudice and Discrimination has resulted in unfair treatment among the older workers in the society. In this essay, I will be examining the reasons that led to age discrimination among the older workers in Singapore, how this had affected the society, and what the individuals and the society can do to reduce such discrimination. The reason for choosing this particular area to talk about is because age discrimination is something that had existed for long time, and many older workers have always been out casted either by their employees or from job agencies once they hit certain age or when they are nearing their retirement age. As new generation will always be there to replace the older ones, thus older workers will always be faced with age discrimination, as the younger generation are more efficient and their pay is lower. Age discrimination have resulted in many older workers facing lack of jobs, unjustified layoffs and even forced retirements. Furthermore, age discrimination...
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...Behavior is Critical to Organizations - Discuss the benefits of self-evaluation / self-assessment as it relates to Leaders today Understanding Human Behavior is Critical to Organizations - Discuss the benefits of self-evaluation / self-assessment as it relates to Leaders today: The benefits of honest self-assessments and honest self-evaluation can be rewarding and beneficial to large companies and organizations. To truly reap the benefits firstly one must be honest in the way that one self-assesses / evaluates Leadership is a diagnostic activity requiring a person to ask, in each situation, “What is the maximum and unique value that a leader could bring to the situation?” The obvious value of this insight is best reflected in the enormous industry that has emerged around this theme, including the most popular of these, the Situational Leadership Model (e.g. Hersey, Blanchard, and Natemeyer, 1979). (Nohria.N & Khurana.R 2010, page 161.) Once a leader has self-assessed / evaluated themselves they can focus on their weaknesses that require improvement. After self –assessment / evaluation has been carried out they can then start to lead in a stronger manner; motivating and inspiring others, leading from the front and by example. In doing so the leader will earn the respect from their team / group. Being a strong leader is best achieved with the respect given by those being lead. A leader who has not earned the respect of the team will not be as successful and will...
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...Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: The effect of group based expectations on moral functioning Jennifer Steele, Y. Susan Choi, and Nalini Ambady Harvard University In press in T.A. Thorkildsen, J. Manning, & H.J. Walberg (Eds.), Children and Youth Series: Nurturing Morality. New York: Kluwer Academic. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: The effect of group based expectations on moral functioning As citizens of the United States, we are extremely fortunate to live in a democracy, and more specifically, a society that upholds egalitarian and meritocratic ideals. As a nation, we have fought wars and faced internal struggles in order to establish this system and champion these values. Within the last two centuries we have abolished slavery, given women the right to vote, and desegregated schools. In more recent years the movement towards equal opportunity has been advanced even further; public and private schools have increased financial support for economically disadvantaged scholars, and affirmative action programs have been developed as yet another means of combating inequities. It would seem that as a society, we are moving towards our moral ideal of equality for one and all. And yet, disparities remain. Race continues to be inextricably linked to socio-economic status and education level, with certain racial and ethnic groups, such as Caucasian- and Asian-Americans reaping more societal advantages on average than others, including...
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