...which was their livelihood. The nomadic lifestyle these tribes had made it difficult to avoid conflict with other tribal communities the way they manage their social and political laws was through family name, clans and tribal confederation. In their search for greener pastures sometimes they would fight for the same resources. The community that lost would move far away or make allies with another tribes to be stronger against all other to avoid extinction or slavery. The way they acquire goods was trading with other communities when they could not get it, they would use force and violence raids were a common against other nomad groups, but farms were not spare either. The farmers were no contest for the nomads such as the Xiongnu. One of the reasons China built the great wall. The Turks frequently exploited China and fought often amongst themselves. In history of Sui Dynasty tells us how the Turks rather fight each other than to live peacefully amongst each other, but the Turks run into the Tang Dynasty in china and disappear shortly after. In the 8th century the Vighors decided to create a new society in Mongolia and they lasted about a century many of these people fled Kyrgyz to settle on what is now china where they commence a fruitful and successful empire that was centuries old. We have the knowledge of their past thanks to the day climate. That preserve building, manuscripts and paintings that tells us the story of their lives and religions which was Buddhism...
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...The Mongols The Mongols became successful conquerors due to their military prowess coupled with their excellence in riding and attacking in an extremely brutal manner that terrorized enemies. During the thirteenth century the world was taken by a storm. It changed the entire map of the world. Many nations had to permanently leave their homes to settle in other places. Political boundaries as well as cultural values changed. The three major religions of the world: Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism were also affected along with other changes that came about. For our benefit the Mongols expanded the world where East met the West. Some of the most ferocious leaders of the Mongols were Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, and Tamerlane. (Nicolle). The life of the Mongols was a constant cycle of seasonal migrations from the flat open summer pastures to protected river valleys for the winter. Each tribe or clan would return to their traditional pastures year after year. (Marshall 16). Today, extended nomadic families live on large collectives of land controlled by the state. Eight hundred years ago, the Mongols lived not on collectives but in loosely defined tribes or clans. They shared the land; took care of their sheep, and horses. Horses were their most prized possessions. Some eight hundred years ago, they lived in tribes or clans. (17). In these modern times the life of Mongol herdsmen still revolves around their sheep and...
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...artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire from about the 5th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. (The Roman Empire during this period is conventionally known as the Byzantine Empire.) The term can also be used for the art of states which were contemporary with the Byzantine Empire and shared a common culture with it, without actually being part of it, such as Bulgaria, Serbia or Russia, and also Venice, which had close ties to the Byzantine Empire despite being in other respects part of western European culture. It can also be used for the art of peoples of the former Byzantine Empire under the rule of the Ottoman Empire after 1453. In some respects the Byzantine artistic tradition has continued in Greece, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries to the present day. The finest work, the most elegant, and the most accomplished technically, was, naturally enough, associated with the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, which was the very hub of the civilized world from the foundation of the city as capital around 330 till its conquest by the Turks in 1453. But there were other great centers too. In Rome, Milan, Ravenna, and elsewhere in the West works of the greatest importance that were in no way provincial were executed in the early years of Christendom, though little of quality was produced there that belongs to the period covered by this essay. In Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and elsewhere in the East a great deal was also being done in early times and production...
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...the world’s largest empire. He conquered vast territories across the continents of Asia and Europe. He was born in central Mongolia into a noble military family in 1162. His father was Yesugei, a chieftain of the Borjigin tribe. His mother Hoelun was from the Olkhunut tribe. He was her first son and the third for his father. (Ratchnevsky 1) The hardships of Khan’s childhood and the influences of many people shaped his later life and shaped him to be a brilliant emperor. His father was a very courageous man that valued tradition because when Khan was nine years old, his father took him to live with the family of his future bride Borte, who was part of the Onggirat tribe. Borte’s father,...
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...The Mongolian invasion of Western Europe was a significant historical event mainly because it brought Europe’s attention to the rapidly expanding kingdom of Genghis Khan. The Tartars as the Europeans referred to them presented a threat mainly because they were becoming too difficult to manage and were slowly advancing to parts of Central Europe. Many accounts and literature surfaced as Europe needed to know this enemy that was slowly advancing. One of the most famous accounts of the Mongolians was written by Giovanni Carpini. Sent by Pope Innocent IV Giovanni had the important task of converting the Khan to Christianity as well learning all he could about the Mongols after which he would take back the information to the Europeans. Pope Innocent IV was responding to the massive Christian killings that had taken place in Western Europe and the need to address the new threat which was the Mongols. In his mission Giovanni was to account for everything and this he did through the literature referred to as “History of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars.” His manuscripts were very essential on educating the Europeans about the Mongol culture which they knew little about. He covered important social political and economical aspects of the Tartars as well as their religious beliefs and practices; he even went ahead to try and construct the genealogy of the Khans . The Europeans held various beliefs of the Mongols which were not entirely true as Giovanni pointed out. Thus, his works...
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...nomadic warriors in the looting of the civilized world. But the surprising truth is that Genghis Khan was a visionary leader whose conquests joined backward Europe with the flourishing cultures of Asia to trigger a global awakening, an unprecedented explosion of technologies, trade, and ideas. Genghis Khan, who lived probably between 1162–1227, born Temüjin, was the founder, Khan (ruler) and Khagan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He was born in a Mongol tribe near Burkhan Khaldun mountain and the Onon and Kherlen Rivers in modern-day Mongolia, not far from the current capital Ulaanbaatar. The Secret History of the Mongols reports that Temüjin was born with a blood clot grasped in his fist, a traditional sign indicating that he was destined to become a great leader. He was the third-oldest son of his father Yesükhei, a minor tribal chief of the Kiyad and an ally of Ong Khan of the Kerait tribe and the oldest son of his mother Hoelun. He was called Temüjin because, in the Mongol culture, children were named after the leader of the last tribe to be defeated by the child’s father Childhood was short and difficult for the Mongols, and Temüjin learned how to ride horses when he was three, and hunt and fish before he turned six years old. The Mongols also had very early arranged marriages, and Temüjin was no exception. At the age of nine, his father, Yesükhei, made arrangements to have him wed a girl from...
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...The Mongols helped bridge a connection between the east and west in numerous ways. They did not only impact Europe, but Asia as well. To add on, they did not only have positive effects, but they had negative effects as too. They set the base for Eurasian history by using commercial, political, and artistic relations among Chinese, Islamic, Russian, and European civilizations. Workers such as craftsmen and missionaries traveled across the continents. In addition, culture, technological, and culinary diffusion took place. Originally, China was a Confucius society but then the Mongols exposed Tibetan Buddhism, which attracted several Ming and Qing dynasties and their people. Economically, during the Mongol era, the increase in commerce greatly benefited merchants and consumers. Agriculture remained the same, but the European demand for Asian products encouraged a way to find a less hazardous and more efficient means of transportation. Politically, the Mongols brought about many power changes and reforms in Russia and China. The Mongols used terror tactics as a form of governing and destroyed cities and forms of government rule. Eventually, the Khans will rule both states. Chinggis Khan, or better known as Ghengis Khan was one of the greatest leaders. He was very successful when it came to conquering because he had brilliant military strategy and organization for that he was famous and known for. He trained each and every troop to specialize in a certain field and he also had...
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...Names: Instructor’s Name: Course: 23 May 2014 Giovanni DiPlano Carpini was among the first European persons to enter the Great Khan’s court in the empire of Mongol. He was a Serbian primate as well as the Archbishop of Antivari between 1247 and 1252. He was also a disciple of Saint Francis of Assisi and held great reputation within the Fransiscan order. It is after the Mongol invasion on Eastern Europe and Legnica battle that threatened the European Christendom, that Pope Innocent IV then decided that to send him to the Mongolian empire. The reason for sending an emissary was partly for purposes of protesting against attacks on Christian people and the European lands. To prevent further attacks, he wished to convert the emperor into Christianity (Lane, 139). However, according to Giovanni’s account, he was also highly interested in understanding the military powers and abilities of the Mongols. As a Christian, Giovanni was amazed by the level of social integrity, cohesiveness and respect among the Mongols despite them not being Christians like him. He says that the tartars seemed more obedient than other people to their leaders whether they were secular or religious. They always respected them and never lied to them (Lane, 139). Actually even among themselves, there never occurred differences by word or by actions, which are similar characteristics and virtues, taught by Christianity that Giovanni was sent to spread. Moreover, there were no vices such as stealing, promiscuity...
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...* Genghis Khan Siddhant Keshav * Genghis Khan was perhaps the greatest general ever to have lived. He was the founder, and ruler of the Mongol Empire – a nation much larger than the Roman Empire at its peak, in fact it was the largest and most continuous empire in history – spreading right through central Asia, parts of China, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. The empire he founded became the largest contiguous empire in history, after his demise, was about 12 million sq. miles. Brought the silk route under one cohesive political environment. Born Temujin around 1162 and about 0.5% of the world’s male population carries his DNA. * Temujin was born into a nomadic Mongol tribe in 1162. When Temujin was 12 years old, his father was killed and the family left to die in the harsh Mongolian winter. Temujin and his family survived, but the lessons he learned evolving from manhood at the age of 12 into the warrior known as Genghis Khan, are timeless. * Here are 10 leadership lessons that should be learnt from Genghis Khan * * Build Your Perseverance * * Build your perseverance, and it will produce 4 qualities: * commitment – a sense that you are giving your best * challenge – a sense that obstacles are challenges and not threats * control – a sense that you are in control of yourself and what happens to you * confidence – a sense that you can achieve your goals. * Build Your Mastery ...
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...Clayton Partridge World History to 1750 Professor Schultz Colonization and the First Globalization In order for one to gain a better knowledge of how terrestrial and ocean colonization unfolded in the Americas, Siberia, Africa, and China, a person must first understand the definition of colonization. Simply put, colonization is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. This means that a foreign government moves into the land and seizes control; gaining power, natural resources, and a larger economy. In the year 1492, an Italian explorer by the name of Christopher Columbus set out on an expedition departing from Spain in search of a faster ocean route to reach Asia. Him and his crew set foot on an island in the Bahamas 36 days after deporting from Spain. While in the Bahamas, Columbus and his men visited a total of three islands and built a settlement on Hispaniola Island with salvaged wreckage from one of their ships. Convinced he had reached Asia, he then set sail back to Spain with the two remaining ships. Columbus failed to find what he set out for – a new route to Asia along with the riches it promised, and he passed away short of success in 1506. However, Columbus was still successful in other terms. He is credited with the discovery of the New World and opening the Americas for European colonization. Following Columbus’s discovery, European nations that were on the Atlantic Rim exploited...
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...This specific article of his that I chose was a part of The Journal of World History in 2011 and was published by The University of Hawai’i Press. It was first presented at the 2009 Numata Conference “Buddhism and Islam,” in May of 2009 at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. A professor by the name of Lynda Shaffer has been Liu’s coauthor and the first reader of his writings for the past decade. She also edited, revised this article as well. This article endeavors the challenge of examining...
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...and ninth centuries, the Mongol people forced hundreds of Turkish tribes to leave their homes and their way of life in Anatolia. These tribes soon found refuge in the Islam religion and it didn’t take long for one of the Turkish tribes by the name of Seljuk to quickly gain a substantial amount of power. They adopted the Islamic settled life, their religion, their government and their way of taxation. However, many of the other tribes didn’t appreciate how the Seljuk was able to easily adapt, they felt as though the Seljuk had forgotten where they came from. These tribes didn’t want the Islamic way of life they wanted their old way of life, so they began to conquer land for Islam but they would keep all the riches for themselves....
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...Introduction What evolved along the silk road was a highly complex system of trade stretching between Rome, China and the Spice Islands (South East Asia). For a long period, Roman nor Chinese administration possessed direct knowledge of geography, political or social organisation of the other. It was the traders, from whom goods passed, that profited best from the indirect contacts between Rome and China, and the preservation of ‘trade secrets’, such as the sources of Gold and Spices, and the technique of manufacturing silk. This arduous work was usually conducted by nomads of central Asia and mariners of Indonesia, who, as suggested by Loewe as underdeveloped, lower-class people. What were the ecological factors faced by traders along the silk road? In term of ecological conditions along Silk Road, there will be a focus on inter Asia’s ecological zones along Silk Road, which has four major ecological zones: forests, steppe (grasslands), deserts, and mountains. Firstly, the forests zone along Silk Road. The trees of this area are evergreens, such as fir, spruce, and pine. In addition, forests are a plenty of sources of fur, timber and other products. The population of this area is small, which are living by hunting, fishing or trapping and they are not so importantly in the region’s history in the past. Secondly, the steppe of Inner Asian stretches across Kazakhstan, northern Xinjiang province in China, and Mongolia. This is the “eastern half of the great...
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...to ask someone to name the center of Russian cultural identity and political power, odds are they’d say Moscow; after all Moscow is the current capital of the Russian Federation and was the capital of the USSR before it. But the importance of Moscow goes back even further than the USSR; it was the capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the country that would go on to form the Russian Empire. For such an important city and region, it surprising then that so many Americans don’t know just how it rose to power, after all the city just didn’t sprout up from the ground. So, how did Moscow reach such prominence? To fully understand that question, we must first look back in history to see what came before Moscow. For those who don’t know the history of Russia and its people, it might shock them to learn that the Russian heartland wasn’t always in the northern part of Russia or the city of Moscow; instead it was the city of Kiev. The easiest way to demonstrate just how important Kiev was to the Russian sense of identity is to read about its mythical founding in the Russian Primary Chronicles. According to this chronicle, written by a Russian monk, the city of Kiev was founded “when [Saint] Andrew was teaching in Sinope and came to Kherson, … he observed that the mouth of the Dnipro [the Dnieper River] was nearby. Conceiving a desire to go to Rome, he thus journeyed to the mouth of the Dnipro. Thence he ascended the river, and by chance he halted beneath the hills upon the shore. Upon...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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