...Psychology Stress And Health Stress and Health Psychology Andrew Arnold March 25, 2010 Ever wonder about how stress affects our bodies and our health? This word stress is thrown around by the media so much it’s losing its meaning but have you ever wondered how they define stress? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines stress as a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation. Our text book defines stress as the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging. Stress-causing events are called stressors, they can come from external sources or from within us and can scale from relatively mild to quite serious. There are things, events, and conflicts that cause people to “stress-out.” These are called stressors. Stressors can be anything from something small, like being stuck in traffic during rush hour or something big like an earthquake or hurricane. Stressors can also be imaginary, such as financial stress such as, where the next mortgage payment will come from. There are two kinds of stressors, one is distress which is the bad stress and eustress which is the good stress that motivates us as people to do well. There are certain environmental factors that can affect our stress levels and sometimes we cannot control the outcome of these events, these are basic ups and downs of life. An example...
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...Writing Essays 1. Getting started The worst part about writing an essay can be starting the process. Before you rush into doing a pile of reading, you need to be very clear what your essay is about and what you are actually being asked to do. Typical essay questions: a) How do organizations typically manage stress? Critically evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of stress management. b) Critically assess the extent to which a Conceptual Framework may guide the accounting standard-setting process. c) Identify and analyse significant developments in technology impacting on IMC. Discuss how such developments might affect international marketers and notions of the audience. The important thing to do when you approach an essay is carefully unpacking the essay question. For example, in question (a) above, you are being asked to do two things. First, to describe how organizations manage stress, and then to examine the evidence regarding the effectiveness of stress management. The first part of the essay, therefore, will be fairly descriptive, and you will be looking to read books and journal articles that discuss the ways that organizations manage stress. Don’t rely too heavily on one book or one particular journal article. Try to read as widely possible and make notes as you do so (see handout on reading and note-taking). The second part of the essay is rather more difficult, and it is here that many students fall down and lose marks. The key...
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...Writing conclusions The conclusion is the final paragraph in an essay. It has three purposes. 1. It signals the end of the essay. To do so, begin your conclusion with a clear signal, such as To sum up, In conclusion, To conclude. 2. It reminds your reader of your main points, which you can do in one of two ways: You can . • summarize your main ideas. • rewrite your thesis statement in other words. 3. It leaves your reader with your final thoughts on the topic. This is your opportunity to give a strong, effective message that your reader will remember. How to write a strong conclusion Thesis: The cost of higher education is increasing and financial support for students is decreasing. 1. Make a prediction In summary, the costs of attending college have been rising while, at the same time, sources of financial aid for students have been disappearing. If this trend continues, fewer and fewer families will be able to send their children through four years of college. This will seriously affect the future of many young people’s lives. 2. Suggest results or consequences To sum up, the costs of attending college are up and financial aid for students is down. Fewer and fewer future members of the workforce are able to educate themselves beyond high school. As a result, the nation will waste the intelligence, imagination, and energy of a large segment of the present college-age generation. 3. Suggest a solution, make a recommendation, or call for action ...
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...Psyc 110 Quiz and Final Exam Study Guide YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The quizzes and final exam are "open book, open notes." The maximum time you can spend on a quiz is 45 minutes. On the final you will have 3 hours and 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the “Submit For Grade” button by the end of the allotted time, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the “Save Answers” button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. 3. See Syllabus "Due Dates for Assignments & Exams" for due date information. 4. Reminders * You will only be able to enter your online quizzes and final exam one time. * Click the "Save Answers" button often. * If you lose your Internet connection during a quiz or the final exam, logon again and try to access it. If you are unable to enter it again...
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...1 AC 19‐3‐2012 Item No.4.17 University of Mumbai Revised Syllabus for the S.Y.B.A. Program: B.A. Course: Psychology Semester III & IV (As per Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the academic year 2012–2013) 2 Programme – Bachelor of Arts (B. A.) Credit Based Semester and Grading System S.Y.B.A. Psychology Syllabi To be implemented from the Academic year 2012-2013 Semester III Course Course Code Title UAPSY301 Social Psychology: Part I UAPSY302 Developmental Psychology: Part I Units 1. The Field of Social Psychology 2. Social Cognition 3. Social Perception 4. Attitudes 1.Introduction - Beginnings 2.The Start of Life; Birth and the Newborn Infant 3.Physical Development in Infancy 4.Cognitive Development in Infancy Credits 3 Marks 100 ( 60 +40) 100 ( 60 +40) 3 Semester IV Course Course Code Title UAPSY401 Social Psychology Part II Units 1. Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination 2. Social Influence 3. Aggression 4. Groups and Individuals 1. Physical, Social and Personality Development in the Preschool Years 2. Cognitive Development in Pre-school years 3. Physical, Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood 4. Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood Credits 3 Marks 100 ( 60 +40) UAPSY402 Developmental Psychology: Part II 3 100 ( 60 +40) UAPSY 301 Semester III. Social Psychology: Part I (Credits = 3) 3 lectures per week; 45 lectures per Semester Objectives: 1. To impart knowledge of the basic concepts and...
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...trauma is not limited to events per se; alternatively, trauma can also be brought about by occurrences of daily living that are emotional in nature and not quite as obvious. Traumatic stress can be evoked by trials surrounding relationships, physical issues, severe neglect, or by circumstances that overpower a person’s ability to adjust (American Association of Children’s Residential Centers, 2014). This essay will discuss how culture can influence traumatic experiences, the impact of trauma on neurobiological development, and how spiritual development can counter the effects of trauma. Cross Cultural View of Trauma Research conducted in Western countries has typically revealed a disproportionately large percentage of accounts of abuse of children among ethnic minority groups. However, mistreatment is not primarily connected to any particular ethnic group, but has been regarded as a global issue (World Health Organization [WHO], 2002 as cited by Cyr, Michel, & Dumais, 2013). The intricacy of examining child abuse from a culturally diverse viewpoint can be made clear by a number of components impeding the progress of awareness about this issue. Specifically, despite the fact that there is a widely recognized meaning of abuse, the way parts of this definition are applied can vastly differ based on how people interpret them (Cyr, Michel, & Dumais, 2013). For example, culture can impact the meaning abuse (i.e., beliefs, standards, and mindsets held in common by a particular group...
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...The purpose of this essay is to analyse the article ‘Government will fail to meet five out of six closing the gap targets’ (Brennan 2015) and identifies the different social determinants of health in the article provided. The article examines holistic implications on the Australian Indigenous community in comparison to non-indigenous communities. The world health organisation defines social health of determinants as factors that affect the individual social, economic, mental and political aspects of their lives among many other factors (World Health Organisation 2015). A large percentage of the social determinants listed by the World Health Organisation affect the indigenous community in Australia in many of their current circumstances. This...
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...HLSC 111 Task 2: Essay Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. An individual’s response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis is likely to cause many reactions to occur in the body as a whole. The areas in which an individual may be affected include the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses in the body. The physical response relates to the body opposed to the mind. Emotional and cognitive responses are the mental processes of understanding through feelings as well as thought (Stevenson 2010). Finally the behavioural response is the manner of how they conduct themselves individually...
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...Synthesis Essay Topic: Stress in the Work Place The effects of Stress as one of the greatest challenged faced in the workplace, are the focus in the two article, both titled “Stress in the Workplace”. One of the articles was published by the American Psychological Association on their website, while the other was retrieved from the FDU Magazine website. The matter of stress is serious and is an ongoing concern. As indicated by both articles that the tough economic times that lead to significant changes within the workplace, has contributed to the increased in stress factors among workers and greatly affect businesses. One major stress factor stemmed from the economic crisis is uncertainty or the fear for the lost of job. The American Psychological Association explains that bankruptcies are among the list of things that caused hundreds of thousands of workers their jobs. Additionally, while millions more have been shifted to unfamiliar tasks within their companies, this dramatic shifting has caused many to wonder how much longer they will be employed. Holmes-Rahe Life Events Scale, in the PDU Magazine Article, also pointed out that many of the most stressful events are related to the workplace and in addition to the lost of job, “firings” on the list mentioned, is the changes in financial status. Undoubtedly, being put out of a job has alarming effects on the individual. According to the American Psychological Association, “the loss of a job can be devastating, putting unemployed...
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...SAJ DEVSHI (C) AQA Psychology (A) Psya2 A* Students Model Essays The A* Students Handbook For More Psychology Resources visit: www.Loopa.co.uk C HAPTER 1 A little about me Firstly thank you for purchasing this book for AQA Psychology Psya2 (Paper 2). A bit about me: My name is Sajan Devshi and I was a private student that self-taught myself AQA Psychology from 2011-2012 and I received my certificate in January 2013 Achieving an A* Grade. The certificate you can view on my website http://www.loopa.co.uk - You can also get my other A* model essay answers from there too for the other topics I did. I achieved an A* grade overall scoring two A’s in Psya1 and Psya2 as well as 100% in both my A2 exams (Psya3 and Psya4) My final score was 373/400 ums points. (You only needed 90% in A2 and 320 for an A* grade). So basically I didn’t just beat the boundary - I absolutely smashed it. How did I do it? It wasn’t easy and I am by no means some savant genius. I made great notes and essays that simplified things for me as I had no teachers and it is these notes I share with you now for Psya2 and the essay questions that can be asked for it. If your curious to know more about me you can visit my website at http://www.loopa.co.uk There it tells you more about me, how I self-taught myself as well as contact me directly for help and advice as well as get my other essay answers there instantly. Theres also great resources there too with more added on a weekly basis...
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...In this essay, I will be discussing the question of whether I am a product of nature, nurture, or both, focusing on social anxiety. In the first part of this essay I’m going to introduce the concepts I’ll be referring to in this discussion. These include genetics, sensitive periods and parent-child interaction, neurobiological influences, and environmental influences. In the next part of the essay, I’m going to describe how these concepts pertain to the development of social anxiety, as well as how they interact with each other. Finally, I’ll address the question of whether my trait is a product of nature or nurture, and summarise. To begin with, I’m going to discuss genetic factors. Genetics involve the heredity of traits from parents to offspring, and influence many of the characteristics that offspring inherit. While many genetic traits are physical, such as hair colour, eye colour, height, etc., personality traits and disorders can be inherited as well. Analyses of genetic influence on certain traits can be seen especially through twin and adoptive studies. For example, in the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, Maria...
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...descriptive essay will be on the topic of exercise addiction and will discuss both the positive affects and the negatives. When considering these two aspects, it is important to know that the negative aspect is much more than the positive. This essay will also be discussing what actually is exercise addiction and the effects it has on the individual who suffers from it. The essay will then conclude with how an exercise scientist can help the individual suffering from exercise dependence. What are some of the positives of exercise? Exercising regularly can create some really positive health benefits to the individual. Positive Health reasons for exercise, according to the American Medical Association (1999, P.394), are benefits...
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...Name:Long Huayu ID:13470826 Tutor’s name: Anne O’Brien Title:The Causes and Effects of Stress(字体:times of new roma, 小4) Stress is a human reaction process caused by external stimulation, which includes psychological stress and physical stress. Stress leads to rapid increase of hormones in people's body (BBC, 2013). When the stimulation is exerted to people's body, a small area at the bottom of the brain which is called the hypothalamus will react (BBC, 2013). "The hypothalamus through stimulation will produce hormones which include adrenaline, these hormones will help you process any difficult problem or stress you are facing, which is called "fight or fight" effect" (BBC, 2013). This essay will analyze the causes and effects of stress in modern life and give some advice about how to release the stress. Firstly, this essay will explore the causes of stress in our society. Why does this situation happen? Psychological stress is a process of nervous mood that we have to deal with in our daily life. In modern times, we live in a fast-paced society with high consumption. With economic development, people's material life is improved rapidly. At the same time, all kinds of stress are increasing in our daily life, like work stress, study stress, social stress, relationship stress and family stress. Among these we have to attach great importance to work stress, because work stress has become a serious problem that not only influences our physical and psychological health but...
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...Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome Michelle Mason South University Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome The comment by Hans Asperger that 'not everything that steps out of line, and thus "abnormal", must necessarily be "inferior", Atwood (2006) truly underlines what Autism and Asperser’s Syndrome is and how it is becoming more and more of a concern in America. This concern of Autism and Asperger’s rises, as more children are being diagnosed everyday. In order to understand the affects of these diseases one must first understand the characteristics and the children that live with Autism. Research on Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome will take the reader into areas that before hand have not been considered by most. Although this disease has been heard of, many have not experienced it in their lives. This paper will explore the emotions of autistic children and parents and the grief of realizing that these children are autistic, how these children learn, the challenges they face and how society views these children through medical and scientific research as well as the author’s personal research and life experiences with this disease. To understand Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome, the reader must first be able to identify and define what it is and what the characteristics are. In the article Autism and Genetic Disorders, Dr. A.L. Reiss (1986) who is head of the Department of Developmental Neuropsychiatry, Kennedy Institute for Handicapped Children, he describes and defines the signs...
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...2011 Personnel Management Essay: Stress Essay Prepared by: K.A Date: 16/12/2011 Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................... 2 Stress & Personnel ............................................................................................................ 2 Stress & Organizational Behaviour ................................................................................ 2 Sources of Organizational Stress ........................................................................................ 3 Causes of Stress ................................................................................................................. 3 Types of Stress............................................................................................................... 4 Effects of Stress on Personnel ............................................................................................. 5 Physical Effects ................................................................................................................. 5 Behavioural Effects ........................................................................................................ 5 Effects of Stress on Organizational Behaviour .................................................................. 5 Stress Management ....................................................................................................
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