...Erick Dinzey ITT-220 Mr. Falaise HW 1 Pgs. 43-47 All Questions Questions and Problems: Section 1-1: 1. State whether the following network descriptions are describing a MAN, WAN, or LAN: a. LAN b. MAN c. WAN 2. Expand the acronym NIC. Network Interface Card 3. Expand the acronym MAC. Media Access Control 4. Expand the acronym LAN. Local Area Network 5. Expand the acronym WAN. Wide Area Network Section 1-2: 6. Define the term protocol. Set of rules established for users to exchange information. 7. Define the term topology. Architecture of a network. 8. Define the term deterministic. Access to the network is provided at fixed time intervals 9. A disadvantage of the token-ring system is that if an error changes the token pattern, it can cause the token to stop circulating. This can be eliminated by adding a Token-ring hub (A hub that manages the passing of the token in a Token-Ring network.) 10. State the network topology being used in the following figures (Bus, Star, Ring, or Mesh). a. Mesh b. Bus c. Ring d. Star 11. What is the difference between a hub and a switch? Hub – Broadcasts data it receives to all devices connected to its ports. Switch – Establishes a direct connection from the sender to the destination without passing the data traffic to other networking devices. Section 1-3: 12. Define the acronym CSMA/CD and the protocol that uses CSMA/CD. ...
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...In this ever changing world, wireless communications has become a major platform for communications at work and at home. With popular mediums (Cell phones, PDA’s, Gameboys, Wii, Netbooks, iPods, etc…) like wireless devices, there are many advantages and disadvantages in operating wirelessly. No matter how you feel about the advantages or disadvantages of the devices, they need to be protected, along with setting up some form of security. On the website Howstufworksvideo (12) they show you the basics on how to setup home Network Security. You can go there can see how it is done. Just a few years ago, (25 Sep 07) there were some so-called experts saying that there was no need to secure your wireless system. In an article, David Ramel alleges that the importance of wireless security is overhyped, that it's now trivial to secure wireless nets and that IT pros have far more serious security concerns they should be addressing -- while home users have little to lose even in the remote chance someone tries to breach their network. (3) This person was obviously living in a sheltered environment because identity theft and credit card theft was out of control then. Now he is saying don’t worry about protecting your network and to just hold on to your wallet; basically. Either he was very innocent or totally clueless and is eating humble pie about now. Here are a few disadvantages. A limited spectrum, war driving, interfering signals can be generated by other devices in the...
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...October 23, 2013 Abstract What is the “Evil Twin”? Evil Twin is a type of Wi-Fi attack, it is a home-made wireless access point that masquerades as a legitimate hot spot with a very strong signal in efforts to gather personal or corporate information. With this, the overall goal of this report is to educate the public on how to protect themselves. Additionally in this disadvantages and advantages will be discussed along with the effects on consumers and the future. According to Dr. Phil Nobles, a wireless Internet and cybercrime expert at Cranfield University, said: this is how the evil twin works. "So-called 'evil twin' hotspots present a hidden danger for Web users. In essence, users think they've logged on to a wireless hotspot connection when in fact they've been tricked to connect to the attacker's unauthorized base station. The latter jams the connection to a legitimate base station by sending a stronger signal within close proximity to the wireless client -- thereby turning itself into an 'evil twin. Cybercriminals don't have to be that clever to carry out such an attack. Because wireless networks are based on radio signals they can be easily detected by unauthorized users tuning into the same frequency." The Disadvantage of Evil Twins The Evil Twins a Menace to Wireless Security > Mobile, (by Jack M German Tech News World 06/04/09). Once the wireless victim has connected to the illegitimate Wi-Fi hotspot, The Evil Twin attacker can gain access to the user’s...
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...measures that will protect the network through a vulnerable wireless connection within the organization, while also providing a security plan that will protect against weak access-control policies within the organization. The first step of protecting against Credit-card information through a vulnerable wireless connection within the organization would be to first protect your wireless broadband from cyber-attacks, which don’t involve any costly measures. One must always remember to lock down the wireless network. By default the password for your panel is often a standard one set-up by the manufacturer (for example ‘admin’). It’s very important that you change this as soon as possible, because it would me that many hackers would already have the password for it. When picking a strong password use a case sensitive combination of alphabets and numbers, six characters and more. Also remember to make it something unique and not the same as something else like your Facebook or Twitter password. Next too consider is the fact that most routers come with a WEP or WPA key built in for good measure, and each router has a different code so there is no need to stress when it comes to this aspect. Since it is all about security I would consider the use of a DMZ at this point. A DMZ is an added firewall that’s placed between your LAN (Local Area Network) and wireless network. It can stop some hackers in their tracks but can also have an effect on legitimate access to the network. The last thing...
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...Introduction We have been hired to deploy a wireless network for Citizens First National Bank. We are going to design, test and deploy this network. Banks have been slow to adapt this technology because if the high security standards they must follow. Since security has been improved and the benefits are so great more and more companies are starting to deploy wireless networks. It the next couple pages I will go through the scope of the project along with the goals and requirements. There are some initial testing that we have to get down and setup so auditors will be able to test before we can deploy to all branches. By using auditors it helps protect the bank with a paper trail incase an incident ever happened. This would show that we have followed all requirements and made every possible attempt to protect our customers and employees. We will have 60 days to setup and test before we have to purchase equipment. This should provide plenty of time to get a location up and running and have their auditors in to do testing. After initial testing we will then put a plan in place to bring all branches online one at a time while sticking to the budget. Scope and Goals Scope The major driving force of this project is to add a wireless infrastructure to the entire bank that would allow seamless use between all branches, while maintaining the high security standards that the FCC requires to help protect the customers and employees of the bank. The details of the...
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...up a Home Network Srikanth Gunda Wilmington University 1. Overview of wireless networking technology There are various types of wireless network which are wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless personal Area Network (WPAN), Wireless mesh Network. Wireless networks are convenient in home network, small schools and offices. Wireless network are basically suitable to interconnect cell phones and computers, printers, TVs which helps in easy communication. Wireless network uses radio frequency rather than wire to communicate. Clients unite their gadgets which helps to communicate Wireless access points. The speed is relative to distance between the transmitter and receiver due to the utilization of radio frequency; consequently, the closer the client is to the transmitter the more the speed is. 2. Advantages of wireless networking technology Wireless networking technology gives various benefits to the household and office use, some of these benefits are below:- I. Most of the working class families have few computers which are arranged in various rooms. It is expensive, and time-consuming to introduce cables to a network that are situated in rooms which helps them to impart the broadband communication hence a wireless router resolves the issue. II. As the clients stay in the coverage of the signal, he/she can move their gadgets easily around the house. This protects hours of cable reconnection as the gadgets can get web by long wireless facility. ...
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...IT 220: Network Standards and Protocols Chapter 1: Odd Questions Only 1-50 1. State whether the following network descriptions are describing a MAN, WAN or LAN: a. A network of users that share computer resources in a limited area – LAN b. A network of users that share computer resources across a metropolitan area – MAN c. A network that connects local area networks across a large geographic area – WAN 3. Expand the acronym MAC – Media Access Control 5. Expand the acronym WAN – Wide Area Network 7. Define the term topology – Topology is the architecture of a network 9. A disadvantage of the token-ring system is that if an error changes the token pattern, it can cause the token to stop circulating. This can be eliminated by adding a d. token-ring hub 11. What is the difference between a hub and a switch? A hub broadcasts the data it receives to all devices connected to its ports and a switch forwards a frame it receives directly out of the port associated with its destination address. 13. What information is not included in an Ethernet frame? a. Frame size 15. What is the minimum and maximum size of an Ethernet frame? The minimum length of the Ethernet frame is 64 bytes from the destination MAC address through the frame check sequence. The maximum Ethernet frame length is 1518 bytes, 6 bytes for the destination MAC address, 6 bytes for the source MAC address, 2 bytes for length/type, and 1500 bytes for the data. 17. What does the OUI represent?...
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...Designing for Security By QUESTION 1 In Chapter 1 of Weaver, Weaver, and Farwood (2013), we considered various THREATS to network security, the FUNDAMENTAL goals of network security, and how LAYERED approaches to defense contributed to the overall security posture of an organization’s information infrastructure. Chapter 2 explored Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model, and how various protocols operated within, as well as across OSI layers to enable telecommunications to function. In a scholarly peer-reviewed journal article entitled: "Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges," Wang and Lu (2013) examined security requirements, network vulnerabilities, attack countermeasures, secure communication protocols and architectures in the U.S. Smart Grid. Based upon what you read in Chapters, one, and two of Weaver et al. (2013), as well as the journal article, COMPARE and CONTRAST Vulnerabilities, Attacks, or Threats shared from the text against those provided within the journal article. IDENTIFY Three Similarities AND Three Differences that exists between the text and literature. Wang, W., & Lu, Z. (2013). Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges. Computer Networks, 57(5), 1344-1371. Weaver, R., Weaver, D., & Farwood, D. (2013). Guide to Network Defense and Countermeasures (third Ed.). Boston, MA: Course Technology. The goal of this paper is to compare and contrast the...
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...Computer hardware is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems. Wireless technology is evolving and becoming the preferred choice for connecting hardware and transferring information. Employing a wireless system allows corporations, like cruise ships, to provide a wireless service to its passengers without comprising information security. Without wireless technology this service would be impossible. To set up a basic wireless network, you will need a network card/adapter, a wireless router, and access points. The network card is the most important hardware component of wireless networking. The wireless router and access points are used to increase performance, accommodate more computers, and increase the network’s range. Network adapters are used to interface a computer to a network. They can be found as a traditional PCI card, PC Card adapter, USB adapter, media adapter, or an integrated wireless adapter chip. A wireless router allows multiple devices to access one internet connection. Through radio frequencies, data is transferred between devices connected to the network. Access points serve as the central receiver and transmitter of these radio frequencies. Other factors to consider when setting up a wireless network are compatibility, expenses, limitations due to distance and building structure, and Wi-Fi network security. Wireless network technology, also referred to as WLANs, uses an industry standard known as IEEE 802.11 that...
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...N. Justin Bernard Management 6740 Executive Summary “Wireless Networking and How to Keep Yourself Protected” Technology is consistently evolving and changing and wireless networking is no exception. There are constant updates as well as vulnerabilities in wireless networking, and my goal is to inform you of those vulnerabilities to help you stay protected from them. Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP) was the original wireless security protocol. WEP was flawed in numerous ways and hackers were able to get information in minutes. WPAv1 was then introduced as an interim replacement because WEP was that flawed. WPAv1 was made to improve on the secure wireless networks and also used a newer and more improved algorithm. When WPAv2 was finally released, many devices began to be created to be compatible with the AES algorithm WPAv2 uses. There still have not been any major hacks or attacks on a WPAv2-AES network that would cause the Wi-Fi alliance look into using another algorithm a replacement. WPAv1 is too easy to hack so it is not recommended and WPAv1 is now susceptible to multiple types of attacks. There are several different ways you can help to protect yourself and your information. Verify your spam in your e-mail to make sure a file accidentally was not forwarded to spam. There are also others to improve your security. The length of your passkey is very important in security, as well as keeping an up-to-date anti-virus and staying up-to-date on all the latest hacks, cracks, and...
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...Networks, Telecommunications, and Wireless Computing | | | Telecommunication systems enable the transmission of data over public or private networks. A network is a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together. Telecommunication systems and networks are traditionally complicated and historically ineffi cient. However, businesses can benefi t from today’s modern network infrastructures that provide reliable global reach to employees and customers. Businesses around the world are moving to network infrastructure solutions that allow greater choice in how they go to market—solutions with global reach. These alternatives include wireless, voice-over internet protocol (VoIP), and radio-frequency identification (RFID). | | | | | Knowledge Areas | Business Dilemma | | | Business Dilemma Personal sensing devices are becoming more commonplace in everyday life. Unfortunately, radio transmissions from these devices can create unexpected privacy concerns if not carefully designed. We demonstrate these issues with a widely-available commercial product, the Nike+iPod Sport Kit, which contains a sensor that users put in one of their shoes and a receiver that users attach to their iPod Nanos. Students and researchers from the University of Washington found out that the transmitter in a sneaker can be read up to 60 feet away. Through the use of a prototype...
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...Google’s motive to buy into the wireless marketplace via the 700 MHz Spectrum Auction was an opportunity to possibly develop a 50-state network. The FCC was was auctioning 1,099 wireless licenses in the 700 MHz band, however, the C-block of 12 regional licenses is what was more attractive and could be used combine the 50-state network (Reiter, 2008). Through this new product development, Google would be allowed to become a cellular network operator in a market where AT&T and Verizon are leaders. Google would have the opportunity to compete with these two industry leaders and be able to network with other entities to create new and innovative products. Entering into the wireless market would offer Google the prospect of potential growth, development practices and competencies which is what they would hope to accomplish. However this strategy can present many risks which include the cost of building and maintaining a billion dollar network. The growth of Gmail, Google Maps, Google Docs and Google Calendar along with other applications that can be downloaded to cell phones may have been one goal in mind that Google considered with this decision. Also, there may have been other reasons for Google’s interest in the wireless market such as YouTube’s ownership and its developments in a new website where the Java Beta application allows users to view videos via their cell phones. Google’s support for Open Access fits into their plans perfectly. The company intends to deploy...
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...Is it Ethical to steal wireless internet service? Is it ethical or legal to steal your neighbors wireless internet service? Is it ethical or legal to steal wireless internet service from a business? Furthermore, is it ethical or legal to parade around town looking for open wireless networks? The following exert is from Douglas Schweitzer, a free lance writer in Nesconset, N.Y. “There's no denying that, whether you consider unauthorized use legal or not, leaving your wireless network unsecured is a reckless decision. Even if you don't mind the idea of unauthorized users gaining access to your network, you should be aware that any illegal activity they engage in could be traced back to your computer.” Most new laptop computers come equipped with a wireless network card installed. They are programmed to automatically detect a wireless network in range, making it easy to view available networks. Rather it is a wireless network from a business or a home wireless network, if precaution is not taken those networks can be viewed and or accessed. The lack of securing your network is a great cause for concern. Many people who have internet services in their homes and businesses really don’t know many of the risks that are out there. The world has grown tremendously from one computer in their homes and businesses having access to the internet via dial-up to many computers connected in a small network in our homes and much larger networks in our businesses. Not only are computers...
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...Series If you’d like to implement Network Access Control, no matter what architecture you select, you definitely want to start by building a small interoperability lab. In this white paper, we’ll give you some advice on what to think about before you get started, and outline what resources you’ll need to have in place in order to begin testing. Any NAC deployment must start by answering three critical questions: 1) What is my access control policy? 2) What are the access methods (such as LAN, wireless, or VPN) I want to protect? 3) How will this integrate with my existing infrastructure? Once you answer these questions, you can begin to gather test lab resources, such as servers (for policy definition points), laptops or desktops (for network access requestors), and switches, access points, and VPN servers (for policy enforcement points). Getting Started with Network Access Control What is my access control policy? NAC is a generic concept that deals with defining access controls based on user authentication, end-point security assessment, and network environmental information. That’s too big for most network managers to bite off in a single chunk, so many NAC deployments hone in on a subset of these goals and expand over time. You’d be wise to do the same---trying to do too much too early in the lifecycle of this emerging group of products will lead to undue frustration and unnecessary complexity. To start, you should define a simple network access control policy. It is important...
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...industry that is critical for business. Different organizations use video surveillance to protect people’s safety, protect valuable assets, or minimize risks associated with criminal activity. One of the biggest trends in surveillance is the accelerating shift to IP from analog. With about 15 million surveillance cameras installed in the United States today, almost 10 percent are now IP based. In the past, only larger companies could afford IP video surveillance. The proliferation of IP networks and the falling prices on IP video cameras and storage has made video capture and storage over IP networks faster, more reliable, simpler, and affordable; making these solutions an attractive option for many industry sectors, including retail shops, educational institutions, governments, and any business requiring security surveillance. The Benefits of IP Cameras for Video Surveillance Secure and Easy Access to Live Video Steams and Recorded Footage One of the biggest drawbacks to traditional analog CCTV systems was the storage medium. Video footage was recorded on tapes. Tapes were not only bulky and not price effective, but also had limitations on how much footage could be recorded on a single tape. Tapes needed to be frequently changed and as a result companies needed to employ dedicated personnel for this. IP cameras have no such limitations and can continuously record to a network...
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