...9-508-052 ROHIT DESHPANDÉ GUSTAVO HERRERO REGINA GARCÍA CUÉLLAR Chocolates El Rey The divine drink which builds up resistance and fights fatigue: a cup of this precious drink permits a man to walk for a whole day without food. — Hernán Cortés, 15191 In late November 2006, Jorge Redmond, CEO of Chocolates El Rey, called a meeting with senior management to discuss the company’s growth strategy. A relatively small firm with sales of around $14 million,2 El Rey produced top-quality chocolate made with single-origin Venezuelan cocoa beans.3 The firm sold its chocolates in four different sectors—food services, industry, retail, and beverages4—and exported 17% of its production, mostly to the United States, Europe, and Japan. El Rey needed to grow, but Redmond wondered how to achieve growth and how to market the El Rey brand to its different target segments and international markets. With only 0.5% of cocoa’s world production, was it worth the effort to try to establish a country-of-origin image for Venezuelan chocolate? If so, how should El Rey go about it? And was this wise for a small company with scarce resources for marketing? El Rey In 1929, José Rafael Zozaya and his father-in–law, Carmelo Tuozzo, introduced chocolate bars under the El Rey brand, founding Venezuela’s second-oldest chocolate company. The company, called Tuozzo Zozaya and Co., was funded with a 15,000-Bolívares (Bs) loan from Pius Schlageter. Tuozzo Zozaya produced mainly chocolate bars...
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...Venezuela is located in South America and shares its borders with Columbia, Brazil, Guyana and islands of Trinidad & Tobago. The most significant resources found are petroleum, natural gas, iron, gold and other minerals. However the country has been in state of unrest from for quite some time now. The history of the story goes back to 1922 when huge well oil was discovered in Venezuela and all the major oil companies were attracted to the country. Venezuela became largest oil exporter in the world in 1928. However other sectors like agriculture, manufacturing were ignored. The global demand of oil rose with World War II and the country produced more than one million barrel oil per day. However during 1950s, Middle Eastern countries started...
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...Richard Harrington Summer 2012 GOVERNMENT CRIME Human rights are rights unequivocally inherent to all human beings, whatever our basic nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, or any other status. We are all entitled to our human rights without discrimination. Government exposure of political crimes and human rights violations have been in the forefront of the media in the last half-century, and the United States has always assisted itself in its own interests. For the past decade the United States has been a global power and presence and most other countries are not. We are often called upon to engage in conflict situations like preventing violations of Human Rights and Genocide. It seems the United States only intervenes when our nations interests is concerned, and only brings negative reactions which severely undermines our effectiveness and especially our international credibility.“ American leadership must be commensurate with U.S. interests and the nature of the challenges facing the county. The United States should not take the lead on every issue or assume that every problem in the world demands a U.S. response. In the majority of cases, the United States should “lead from behind” or from the side, or sitting in front but rarely by itself”. (Foreign Affairs, Zenko & Cohen, Vol. 91 No. 2.) Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the legal forms of treaties, customary international law, general principles...
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...Colombia is a country located in the northern part of South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama (The World Factbook). Colombia’s area is 1.14 million sq. km. (440,000 sq. mi.) and is about the size of California and Texas combined. Colombia is the fourth-largest country in South America. Colombia’s terrain is flat in the coastal areas, with extensive coastlines on the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and it has three rugged parallel mountain chains, central highlands, and flat eastern grasslands. The climate tends to be tropical on the coast and eastern grasslands and cooler in the highlands (U.S. Department of State). Colombia’s natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, and hydropower. Its natural hazards are that the highlands are subject to volcanic eruptions, occasional earthquakes, and periodic droughts. The volcano named Galeras is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations, it has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations. Volcano Nevado del Ruiz located west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars that killed 23,000 people, the volcano last erupted in 1991. And the volcano called Nevado del Huila, after...
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...Women’s Struggles in a Socialist Venezuela Venezuela has overcome many obstacles, and triumphs as a country that always been full of oppression on the people. With years of oppression and marginalization, a new president in 1998 came into power, this President is Hugo Chavez. Hugo Chavez was able to win the presidency, perhaps because he has been viewed as a people’s man. Chavez has made it very clear that he is for socialism, and not for a neoliberal Venezuela, “Es el neoliberalismo el camino? Sí, el camino al Infierno. Ese es el camino al Infierno” - Hugo Chávez. Hugo Chavez has set out a plan for his socialist government, this plan has been designed to finally put an end to all the oppression the many lower class marginalized groups have faced over the decades. However, it is very evident that putting this plan into action has proved a lot more difficult than Chavez and his administration thought it would. For this reason, it is clear that for social justice, and the democratization of this country have been widely affected, and not for the good. As Chavez has changed the agenda, but in the view from social justice and democracy, he has lacked to really implement change for the better, and this is why we still see a high number of marginalized groups that are fighting constantly for more rights. Women have continued to fight in the name of social justice and democracy to pave a way for all the women that are oppressed. If we view Venezuela from the view of the plans put into...
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...Francisco Lara CJR 240 March 1, 2011 History of the Prison System Prison is an institution for the confinement of persons convicted of criminal offenses. Throughout history, most societies have built places in which to hold persons accused of criminal acts pending some form of trial. The idea of confining persons after a trial as punishment for their crimes is relatively new. During the 15th century in Europe, the penalties for crimes were some form of corporal punishment like whippings for less serious crimes and execution or enslavement for more serious offenses. In early 16th century England, vagrants and petty offenders were committed to correctional institutions known as workhouses. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the government transported convicted felons to the English colonies. The punishment was thought of as the hard labor to which the prisoners were consigned. It wasn't until the 17th century that the idea that persons convicted of crimes could be punished by confinement and released after a period of time. During the 17th century, England and other European countries like Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands began imprisoning debtors, delinquent juveniles, minor misdemeanant, and felons. Early jails were mostly dark, overcrowded, and filthy. Prisoners were herded together indiscriminately, with no separation of men and women, the ...
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...wealth to the poor, and prevent widespread corruption across the country (FARC, 2017, para. 1). They firmly established left-wing ideologies, strongly critizing the government for not supporting equality and ignoring human rights violations (Lee, 2012, p. 30). They gained rural support through ventures such as paying a local electric company to construct an electricity grid connecting 400 homes (Leech, 2011, p. 42). Providing services to the poor served as a mechanism to gain support and momentum. International Support The FARC, according to Gentry and Spencer (2010), limited external support for funding and weaponry to minimize their vulnerability and reliance on others (External Contacts, para. 1). The FARC reached out to Cuban revolutionaries in the beginning for guidance on overthrowing the government, but focused their efforts on militarization instead of political or ideological power (Lee, 2012, p. 30). Gentry and Spencer (2010) stated the FARC received weapons from Jordan and Indonesia, training from Vietnamese officials, and used areas as encampments in Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama, sometimes with government approval (External Contacts, para. 3). The United States and Colombian governments repeatedly made unsubstantiated claims that Venezuela provided material support to the FARC, accusing them of state sponsors of terrorism (Leech, 2011, p. 102). Interestingly, evidence of email correspondence exists between the FARC and Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez...
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...Capital punishment has long been a topic of controversy attracting both opposers and supporters. However, the modern state of today`s world reflecting topics of humans` rights and justice assuredly push us towards refuting capital punishment. “The first question shouldn’t be 'Why not use the death penalty?' but 'Why use it?' There’s no good reason. First, we’ve already protected ourselves. This individual has been separated from society; he’s not able to hurt us again. If we execute this young man, it will not protect us against a future tragedy. The things that keep us safe are preventative, that address the root causes of crime — making sure people have mental health services, an education, helping families that are at risk ( Diann ,2004). The International law and the analysis based on human rights are useful means to address the death penalty in the U.S. Although the U.S. uses other terms in protecting basic rights, and has...
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...police when dealing with civilians (Source #). They usually forget that a police badge isn’t a permission to hurt the people who aren’t doing nothing wrong. Police brutality is also one of the worst violations to human rights, and most of the time is overlooked and ignored by officials and even by the general public. Police brutality is one of the most ignored problems there are. Its existence tends to be seen as an imaginary thing. Studies have shown that only about one third of the people in the US believe in the existence of Police brutality. As expected, over 50% percent of the people who believe in it are PoC, or people of color. (Source #) Yet, in Brazil everyday 6 people are killed due to police brutality, (Source #) and in the US there had been more than 5,000 deaths due to police brutality since 9/11, which is more than the numbers of death in the Iraq war, 4,489. (Source #). People who are fighting for fairness...
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...page How Many Fathers are Best? 04.01.2003 After 40 years of visiting the Barí Indians in Venezuela, anthropologists have discovered a new twist on family values by Meredith F. Small, Photography by Abbas Anthropologist Stephen Beckerman was well into his forties before he finally understood how babies are made. He had thought, as most people do, that a sperm from one man and an egg from one woman joined to make a child. But one summer day, as he and his colleague Roberto Lizarralde lounged around in hammocks, chatting with Rachel, an elderly woman of the Barí tribe of Venezuela, she pointed out his error. Babies, she explained, can easily have more than one biological father. "My first husband was the father of my first child, my second child, and my third child," Rachel said, recalling her life. "But the fourth child, actually, he has two fathers." It was clear that Rachel didn't mean there was a stepfather hanging around or a friendly uncle who took the kid fishing every weekend. She was simply explaining the Barí version of conception to these ignorant anthropologists: A fetus is built up over time with repeated washes of sperm— which means, of course, that more than one man can contribute to the endeavor. This interview changed not only the way Beckerman and Lizarralde viewed Barí families but also brought into question the very way that anthropologists portray human Inez and her children live in coupling. If biological fatherhood can be shared—an idea accepted...
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...Angela Santacruz Shopify: History: * Online store created to sell snowboard equipment directly to those who loved the sport. (Shopyfi, 2015) * The company wanted to own their own brand and build relationships with their customers, along with selling their products. But they realize that a lot of others companies were in need of an online shopping facility so they created Shopify. (Shopyfi, 2015) * Their main focus of creating a platform to manage every aspect of their business: from products to orders to customers, selling online, in retail stores and on the go. (Shopyfi, 2015) * From a team of 5 working employees, to a team of over 500 employees in 4 offices across Canada, they encourage everyone to experiment, take risk and push the envelope to the next level. (Shopyfi, 2015) Services at Shopyfi: 1. Use shopyfi to create your online store: these services give customers the opportunity to design their own web page and promote their products around the world. Customers have control over the look and feel of the website, from its domain name to its layout, colors and content. But if they don’t have the skills to create it they can choose from over 100 professional store templates. (Shopyfi, 2015) 2. Sell in person: These kind of services allowed customers to sell their products online, in-stores, or in their own phones, the inventory is automatically updated in real time. Using a cart does the payment and they can email the receipt. (Shopyfi...
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...ways in which managers in global settings need to be sensitive to these differences. Political differences are described along two dimensions: collectivist vs. individualist and democratic vs. totalitarian. Economic systems are explored in terms of market characteristics: market economies, command economies, and mixed economies. Legal systems are discussed in terms of the protections they offer for business: intellectual property, product safety, liability and contracts. The opening case explores the political and economic situation in Venezuela since Hugo Chavez was elected president in 1998. The closing case describes the challenges facing Indonesia, a vast country populated mainly by Muslims that stretches over 17,000 islands. Indonesia, after decades of corruption and a near dictatorship, now has a newly elected president. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 2: NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL ECONOMY Opening Case: Chavez’s Venezuela Introduction Political Systems Collectivism and Individualism Democracy and Totalitarianism Economic Systems Market Economy Command Economy Mixed Economy Legal...
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...Introduction Human beings as a rational animal set laws, rules and regulations which can enable them to maintain the smooth running of their associations and/or states. Members of a given society, however, may violate the law because of political, religious and ideological interests while others can act against it to satisfy their material and emotional needs. In this case, the state has the responsibility and the legal authority to punish the criminal or groups of criminals based on the given law. The punishment of the criminals may vary from simple fines and imprisonment to sever torture and the deprivation of life. Capital punishment or the death penalty has existed as part of the human justice system since ancient times. In these earlier periods people were sentenced to death as a punishment for crimes considered as first degree offenses by the state. These crimes were most of the time political as well as religious and the method of execution, in addition to different brutal ways, was mainly beheading. With additional types of crimes resulting in capital punishment and more sophisticated methods of execution, the death penalty has continued to be practiced in the 21st century. However, capital punishment, especially after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, has became an issue of greater debate among states, human right organizations and other nongovernmental organizations. Since 1948, the number of countries employing death penalty is decreasing and currently...
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...with the backing of Iran they could negotiate the release of seven American hostages being held by Iranian terrorists in Lebanon. On the other side of the world was Nicaragua which the U.S. has shown interest since the 20th century, due to the region’s close proximity to America. Relations with Nicaragua, falter after the Nicaragua government was toppled by a revolutionary government, the Sandinista Liberation Front. Tensions worsen, when Sandinistas sought relationship ties with Cuba and the Soviet Union. Reagan and his administration pushed political power to the brink by using profits from weapons sold to Iran to fund Contra militants to topple the Sandinista government. The action conducted by the Reagan administration was in direct violation of prohibited foreign policy that Congress enacted against these two countries. The Iran-Contra Affair was a scandal that...
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...that oversees workers as it creates a respectful and positive workplace and, consequently, increased employee productivity. Respect at the workplace inspires respectful relationships, courtesy, and decent manners. On another angle, it ensures that employees stay updated with workplace information and consider and value other people’s positions (Casson, 2005). Regan (2004) defines respect as the fair treatment of employees and other stakeholders, fair valuation of contributions of each employee and consistency in the management of the company’s values. However, respect is viewed broadly under the cultural values that every society or business platform foresees. Accordingly, cultural respect has gone further to embrace the protection of human rights, the core driver of the corporates’ social responsibilities and transparency initiatives. Businesses have in the past integrated their cultural values, respect among them, in their endeavors (Regan, 2004). Since diverse business cultures appreciate and recognize other cultures for efficient business transactions, a critical aspect of what respect accords them, the above aspects of culture are valued in organizations. Casson (2005) adds that, respect is a cornerstone of all business relationships as it ignites the thriving of such relationships. In this manner, the core relations that demand respect include the business and its customers, contractors, and networking agents. Consequently, business cultural respect influences customer...
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