...“In fourteen hundred ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue,” is the beginning of one of history's greatest fabrications. Columbus is portrayed today as a gentleman and an individual who brought prosperity to the new world. A hero is someone who possesses selflessness, humility, and integrity. Christopher Columbus was without a doubt a brave and talented explorer; however, the goal of his voyages were not to discover America or to prove that the world was round or to discover the New World. These theories were proven over 200 years ago by the philosopher Aristotle and the New World was first reached by Leif Erikson 500 years before Columbus. Columbus was only sailing in the interest of finding gold. He was a greedy dictator, exploiting...
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...The New World known today as America is a product of the meeting of two worlds, two different social, political and economic environments. America remained hidden for thousands of years and unknown to European explorers. Its discovery consisted of a clash of cultures, languages, traditions and history. Although they bear a similarity as they were both initially sponsored by monarchs in search of the Northwest Passage, the differences between the Spanish (1492 – 1548) and English (1584-1648) explorations are very clear. During the XV century the first marine expeditions that allowed having a better understanding of the world, were made. The major European explorers that were part of the Spanish and English explorations were Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Nunez Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Ponce De Leon, Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro, Hernando De Soto, Francisco Coronado, and Sir Francis Drake. An important similarity on the explorations was that they were in search of the Northwest Passage , a route that the Far East could be achieved (India) from Europe traveling to the west. Other similarities included are the first voyages were made by Italian explorers and sponsored by monarchs. Christopher Columbus and John Cabot were from Italy. Columbus’ voyages were approved by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile of Spain. John Cabot received approval by Henry VII of England. These are the similarities, but now we will see how clear the differences were. ...
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...How did human history in North America during the period described in the Prologue differ from the events of Asia, Eurasia, and Europe? Be specific. The Human History in North America differ from the events in Asia, Eurasia and Europe during the centuries before the colonization because of the influence of factors like Geography, Climate, Crops and Game Animals available. The major events that we are going to focus our comments on in this paper are the Clovis era and the evolution of the Sahara Desert. These two major issues in human history chapped the form of the world in the way that we know it now days. Geography in the part of the globe that we know currently as North America, specifically in the area the Clovis Culture was developed, played an important role in the success of this culture. It is known that the first human came to America crossing over the land bridge of the Bering Straight. This is a major event in human history, and it was possible only due to geography with a help of the climate in the region back then. The climate in the North American region was cold. We can find at the museums a lot of evidence of Ice-age giant animals that roamed the region long before the colonial era. Some historians and scientists argue about the reason why the big mammals disappeared from the region, but one of the theories appoint to an “over hunting” situation. This all means that the area was very good for hunting, leaving no need to plant or cultivate but just the basic...
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...Hist 131 S7 Ancient Civilization of the Americas Humans first settled The Americas continents between 30000 and 12000 years ago. They were able to do this because at that period the world was covered in ice during the ice age period. Glaciers locked up much of the world’s water causing the water level to decrease and opening a bridge of land between Siberia and Alaska. When the glaciers receded and melted the oceans rose and therefore flooding the Bering Straits and disconnecting Asia from America. The inhabitants of America were now isolated from the inhabitants of Africa and Eurasia. Surprisingly though, from what I read it was stated that at the end of the Paleolithic age peoples of the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia all experienced similar cultural changes from hunting and gathering to an agricultural way of life. Between the years of 8000 BCE and 2000 BCE known as the Archaic Period, the people began to become more settled and hunted small animals and cultivated different crops mostly maize, beans, and squash. After 2000 BCE huge groups of civilizations started to become more developed and distinct. Called the formative period, villages combined into urban centers, monumental architecture as erected, and craft specialists developed. Two distinctive areas of civilization are Mesoamerica (Mexico and Central America) and Andean Region of South America. Found in the Formative Period are the Olmec’s. Found mostly in the low lands of Mexico’s Gulf Coast. They had public buildings...
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...Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus born in Genoa Italy was the son of a skilled weaver. Columbus earned his chance when the king and queen of Spain agreed to finance his voyage to discover a new trade route connecting Spain with Asia. In 1492 He sailed across the Atlantic arriving instead in the Caribbean where he raped, killed, and enslaved innocent Natives. America’s memories are filled with symbols of adventure and bravery associated with Columbus, yet the facts behind the fiction have somehow been lost in a haze of patriotism. Columbus set out with three ships; the Pinta, the Nina and the Santa Maria in search of Asia to find precious items such as gold and spices. Not realising that the Americas existed, Columbus first appeared in the Bahama Islands. When he first came in contact with the Arawak men and women, he entered into is log, “they would make fine servants… we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever they want” (pg 1). Columbus and his men coming from Spain had weapons that the Natives simply could not fight against, leaving them helpless and unable to fight they were mistreated and abused. Another example of Columbus abusing the natives is when he entered into his log, “as soon as I arrived… I took some of the natives by force” (pg 1). Columbus took some of the natives so that they might show him the land and where he might find gold, but instead of trying to communicate with these people he forcibly took them as slaves. “In...
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...still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents. So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans. That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights. Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met. On this...
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...Hunger in America Why are so many people starving? Why are so many Americans starving? Children Starving on Side of Road 1 Every day people throw perfectly good food away without a second thought. Many people do not realize that many Americans spend most of their days starving or without food. In 2012, 49 million people did not have enough food in their homes; 15.9 million of them were children (“Hunger”). Hunger is not just in the third world countries, it is also here in America and people need to realize this. Can we end hunger in America? Where is there the most hunger? Mississippi 20.9% Arkansas 19.7% Texas 18.4% Alabama 17.9% North Carolina 17.0% Georgia 16.9% Missouri 16.7% Nevada 16.6% Ohio 16.1% California 15.6% (“Hunger”) Americans have all the power to end hunger in America. There are so many things that people and the government can do to help. The 2014 Hunger Report has a plan to end hunger by the year 2030. This plan consists of a jobs agenda, a stronger safety net, human capital development, and public-private partnerships to help innovative community led initiatives against hunger (“Ending”). If people just help out in any way possible hunger could be stopped...
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...Rosamarie Rivera Hist 151 Professor Cotter 9/16/2010 Endentured servants were sometimes lured with food and drink to ships where they were convinced or forced to be in contract. Children were valuable laborers and because of the poverty in London slums were enticed with candy onto the vessles. They would even grab elderly people, drunk people sleeping in a gutter and shipped them off to the Americas for labor. The ocean journey to America usually took eight to twelve weeks. It was a difficult trip. Indentured servants were packed into the ships tightly, often being held in the hold without a chance to get fresh air. They were treated horribly and at times were left to starve. When they arrived in the America's they were either put into a contract for five to seven years, or bought as slaves. During their lives as endentured servants they had few to no rights. They weren't allowed to leave or marry without permission and could not vote. Most indentured servants were put to work in the tobacco fields of Virginia and Maryland. This was hard manual labor under the grueling hot summer sun, under which Europeans were not accustomed to working. Overseers would beat the servants to work faster. If an endentured servant survived the ordeal and wasn't conned, impregnated, or punished, he/she was freed and given fifty acres of land, three barrels of corn, some clothes and two hoes. The treatment of the endentured servants is later reflected in African slaves. The manners of which...
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...Britain over the French in North America. What impact did this victory have on the American colonies? Great Britain and the French had ceaselessly been fighting and the British were not looking so well. It was only until 1758 that the British began to make a turn around against the French, that not only led to many victories, but also led to friendly rivalries. Although the Colonials and the British fought together and obtained their goals, a new conflict evolved, thrusting a spire of scorn between the two prior allies. Led by William Pitt the British essentially gained the upper hand on the French when they cut off their supply from the mother country to Canada via British naval forces at sea. Because the French relied heavily on goods transported at sea, they were left crippled and in a defense only mode. With this strategic gain, Pitt set out to conquer all and take over french territory by overtaking Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Louisbourg, Fort Duquesne and Quebec. Aside from the failure by Abercromby at Ticonderoga that was later redeemed, the British objectives were a success and the French were devastated. The most devastating blow was the attack on Quebec and Montreal where the British aimed “to rip the heart out of Canada.” (Millet & Maslowski 1994). Britain was successful and took over Quebec although France made great efforts to retake it in failure. Later in 1763, the Peace of Paris was signed therefore ending the war in North America. With this treaty being signed...
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...Hola como estas? What is with it these days. Are these the only word people know how to say. Honestly I think everybody should get a chance to live how they want do you understand what I am saying. We should have a language everybody can relate to. Why whenever we go places do we have to include English so americans can understand what is going on around them? I do not think it is fair that the main languages we include here in America are English, Spanish, and French. Those are not the only languages that other people from other countries understand. Either we in America should have a better variety of languages displayed or we be taught a language we all can understand fully and completely. I mean I know Spanish. It is really easy to understand some French words because Spanish and French are so closely related that some words are very similar to the other. It is also cool because where I live there are so many schools with different immersion programs such as Russian immersion, Spanish immersion, german immersion, and Japanese immersion. They have so many French classes to offer but there do not seem to be any immersion programs for French. I really do not understand why they do not. if I could I would definitely join French immersion. It would be so awesome to learn a language like that. Anyways all in all I believe it to be an awesome idea to have opportunities where people could learn new...
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...‘The Kite Runner’, written by Khaled Hosseni, tells the story about part of the protagonist----Amir’s life from Afghanistan to America from his own perspective. It’s a story about destiny, friendship, redemption and forgiveness. And it’s also a story about father and son’s difficult relationship, Baba is the only person who is with Amir from the start to the end. However, Baba and Amir’s relationship eventually works out. The difficulties of Baba and Amir’s relationship starts from the time they live in Afghanistan. Because of Amir’s different characteristics from Baba, Baba doesn’t like Amir in many situations. He presents his dissatisfaction and dislike towards Amir to Rahim Khan and even says if he didn’t physically see his wife’s child birth process, ‘(he’d) never believe (Amir) is (his) son’. From Amir’s perspective, Baba find it difficult to accept him because he likes books but not sports. Moreover, in Amir’s mind, it is himself who ‘had killed (Baba’s) beloved wife, (Baba’s) beautiful princess. This sort of self-accusation intertwines in Amir’s mind for a long time. It has such a deep impression that Amir can’t stop thinking about this question, ‘didn’t all fathers in their secrets hearts harbor a desire to kill their sons?’ However, from readers’ perspective, Baba’s attitude towards Amir is comprehensible, as Baba has to divide his love between his two sons. It also interprets the reason why Amir is always trying to win Baba’s love from Hassan, and teases Hassan in...
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...The Effectiveness of Immigration Threatens American Culture The essay Immigration Threatens American Culture is written by Lawrence Auster In this essay, the author will evaluate the effectiveness of Auster’s paper in terms of its claims, evidence, and the presentation of the claims and evidence. The author’s main claim is that post-1965 immigration is threatening the American Culture. It is clearly stated fairy early in this essay because the author makes a clear introduction, lists many examples of the negative influence of outside culture on American society, and then stresses the thesis. In terms of his subsidiary claims, he proposes the reason why American people allow the negative impact of immigration take place and even feel helpless about the issue. They are not very related claim because he focuses on criticizing the law makers’instead of explaining why immigration threatens American culture. Besides, his claim is very partial because he ignores all positive influence of immigration. As for the evidence in this paper, the author adopts various types of evidence including the facts, examples, expert testimony and analogy. The number of the evidences is a bit over sufficient. The author uses so many simple examples and facts in each section of the essay especially the first paragraph. The evidences are relatively very specific, because the author writes down the examples or facts with very detailed information. For instance, the name,...
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...new world and the old world. Explorers from Europe and Asia were bringing their plants, animals and diseases over to the new world as well as returning home with new items. There’s no doubt that the Columbian Exchange changed the world. Although more things were brought to the new world, I think the people from the old world benefitted the most. Many of the plants from the new world became stable crops when brought back to the old world. Also, although several diseases were brought back from the new world, the people of Eurasia were able to build immunity to them, whereas the diseases they brought to the new world killed upwards of 90% of the native population. One plant from the Columbian Exchange was the potato. Originally from South America the crop came to the old world and became extremely important. Marie Antoinette turned the potato plant’s flowers into a fashion statement, and wore them as encouragement for French people to eat potatoes. They became the most important food source to the people of Ireland. When first introduced, the Irish only used potatoes as supplement to their diets, but by the late 17th century, they were the main food in the Irish diet. The Irish relied so heavily on the potato that the Irish potato famine caused roughly one million deaths in the mid 1800’s. Tomatoes brought over from the new world back to the old world changed food forever. At...
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...As farming became fundamental to ancient societies in Central America, it had a drastic impact on the population of these societies. Identify what you believe to be the three most important effects of farming, and explain your choices thoroughly. The discovery of farming by the people of the ancient societies of Central America was undoubtedly what ensured their survival. There are many ways that farming impacted these peoples, but three affects that are arguably (do not use I or me in your writing) the most prolific were the ability to produce more food in smaller areas, population growth, and the development of civilized societies (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, & Armitage, 2009). Farming in Central America was a process that was developed over thousands of years, with a certain amount of creativity and ingenuity. The people of this land discovered that by gathering and replanting seeds from wild food sources, they could control the growth of the food, produce larger quantities, and condense it into a smaller space. According to Faragher and associates (2009), “…a foraging society might require 100 square miles to support 100 people, a farming society required only a single square mile.” (p. 8). This led to a great increase in food supply with a reduction in the distance to travel to collect it. This allowed people to become more settled in one area and enabled them to have larger families. As farming developed, the need for more people to work in the fields as well as the ability...
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...America is sometimes referred to as the land of opportunity and even when America was first being colonized that statement seemed to ring true. People decided to move to the New World for multiple different reasons, but the one thing each of these people had in common with their motives was that they were in search of new opportunities and the chance to have a better life. Some of these groups of people included the members of the Virginia Company and the Pilgrims (Tindall & Shi, 27). After making peace with Spain many of the men who had been adventurers working for James I needed somewhere to go and the idea of getting rich quick by striking gold seemed like the perfect plan. Thus The London Group of the Virginia Company was born and the plan to voyage over to the New Land and form a colony was set into motion. The Virginia Company, a for-profit enterprise chartered by James I, had stock holders who thought that the colony would be a source of gold, wine, olive oil, and forest products that were needed in England (Tindall & Shi, 27). Many of the stock holders also still had hopes that they would find a passage to India (Tindall & Shi, 27). So on May 6, 1607 three ships set sail with 105 men aboard and four months later landed in what they named Virginia and started the first permanent colony in Virginia (Tindall & Shi, 27). The men built a small colony but many of them did not know how to hunt or fish. They had, after all, come to the New World to get rich not to learn...
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