Done By: Yaseen
Date: 10/01/2015
Subject: Hydraulics
I.D. no.:
Introduction
In this assignment I am going to discuss the construction and clarify the operation of a rod and a cable worked manual flying control system and for every system, expresses the motivation behind their real components. I will likewise clarify the operation of a hydraulically controlled aircraft rudder system and state the motivation behind each of the real components inside the system. I will likewise specify the operation of a hydraulically controlled aircraft trailing edge fold system and state the motivation behind each of the components inside the system.
Index Cover Page | Page 1 | Introduction | Page 2 | Index | Page 3 | Task 1: Explain in detail the construction and operation manually operated flight control systems. And for each of this system explain the function of each of the components involved. | Page 4-6 | Task 2: Describe in detail the operation and state the function of the components involved in a hydraulically operated rudder system. | Page 6-10 | Task 3: Describe in detail the operation and state the function of the components involved in a hydraulically operated flap system. | Page 11-14 | Conclusion | Page 15 | Reference | Page 16 |
Task 1:Explain in detail the construction and operation manually operated flight control systems. And for each of this system explain the function of each of the components involved.
(Rod System:
Construction: (It is developed from a light compound push-pull rods, backed by sitting still connections, bell cranks, roller bearings or graphite impregnated shrubs, from a basic inflexible connection which is free from backfire.
Operation: It alters in course of the control run are gotten by the utilization of bell crank levers or torque tubes. The rods give both a push and force information. Control rod system between the lift and the cabin control segment; the bell-crank lever is here important to change the heading of the transmission and to acquire the customary coupling between stick development and lift deflection.) Ref#1
Components
• bell Cranks: are utilized to alter the course of the rod routings. Ref#2
• roller Bearings: intended to convey substantial burdens the essential roller is a chamber, which implies the heap is appropriated over a bigger range, empowering the bearing to handle bigger measures of weight. Ref#3
• push-pull rods: A push-pull rod is utilized to transmit either a pushing or pulling activity to the control surface. They are generally made of either Titanium or Aluminum) Ref#4
• torque Tubes: They are utilized to change straight movement into turning movement. Ref#5
• idling Links:
Cable System
(Construction: Non-corrodible additional adaptable cables, tensioned to kill slack, from a viable constant circle over pulleys and quadrants to give a draw in both bearings. Every length of cable has end fittings swaged in position, some of which are penetrated and tapped to suit the turnbuckles used to tension the cable run. Cables can be developed from either galvanized wire or stainless wire. Galvanized wire is more adaptable, suppler, and gives almost no safety in the pulley runs for a lot of its life. Galvanized steel cables offer great consumption safety under typical operations aside from where the aircraft will experience salt water shower. ) Ref#7
Operation: A cable system can just transmit a tension (pulling) drive in one heading; it needs to have a "subsequent cable" tuned in that permits a counter pulling in the inverse course, subsequently finishing the circle circuit. Ref#8
Components:
• Cable: The cable is utilized to work and begin the cable system.
• Pulley: They are produced using fiber, plastics or metal and they are utilized to alter the course of a cable control. Ref#9
• Turnbuckle: A turnbuckle, extending screw or bottles crew is a gadget for altering the tension or length of ropes, cables, tie rods and other tensioning systems. Ref#10
• Fairlead: A fairlead is a gadget to guide a line, rope or cable around an item, off the beaten path or to prevent it from moving along the side. Regularly a fairlead will be a ring or snare. The fairlead may be a different bit of fittings, or it could be a gap in the structure. Ref#11
• Cable Quadrant: It is introduced in the control run end of a cable circle, to keep up ideal apparatus tension while transmitting control developments to the flying control surfaces. Ref#12
• Detent Strut: It is fitted on some aircraft copy control runs from the flight deck to the control surfaces. It is fitted between the pilot's and co-pilot's controls so that ought to a jam happen on the system the other system can be worked regularly after the detect strut has given up. Ref#12
Task 2: Describe in detail the operation and state the function of the components involved in a hydraulically operated rudder system.
Hydraulically Operated Rudder System
(The Rudders are controlled by the control pedals. Yaw control is attained to by a solitary graphite/ composite rudder board. A solitary rudder force control unit (PCU) controls rudder board deflection. The rudder PCU comprises of an info shaft/ crank system, a double concentric servo valve to control porting of the liquid to the rudder actuator, and a yaw damper actuator. A standby rudder PCU gives go down in the occasion of breakdown of the principle rudder PCU. There is no manual inversion for yaw control. The main interior sign of rudder board deflection is pedal position, which dependably precisely reflects control surface deflection. Stream of hydraulic liquid to the rudder actuator is controlled by the double servo-valve. This is a complex double concentric barrel with an external and internal slide. Amid typical rudder pedal inputs sufficient rudder board deflection is cooked for by the essential (inward) valve alone. On the other hand, ought to a bigger board deflection be obliged or a higher rate rudder data be summoned, the auxiliary (external) sleeve moves notwithstanding port additional liquid to the actuator.) Ref#14
Components:
Pressure Relief Valve: The pressure relief valve by-passes pump transport to the tank, limiting system pressure to a chose previously most great quality. The central inspiration driving a pressure relief valve is to secure the hydraulic system from over-burdening with pressure. Ref#15
Filter: The filter is a screening or straining segment used to clean the hydraulic fluid, anticipating remote particles and polluting substances from staying in the system. Ref#16
Selector Valve: It runs the stream of liquid. The selector valve regulates fluidunder system pressure to the craved working port ofan inciting unit (twofold acting), and, at the sametime, administers return liquid from the inverse workingport of the activating unit to the repository.) Ref#17
Yaw Damper: The yaw damper is consolidated to anticipate Dutch roll. It is associated in parallel with the primary servo valve and incorporates its own particular actuator, controlled by hydraulic system B. This actuator applies its own particular info to the data shaft/ crank mechanism to achieve a development of the servo-valve and henceforth a rudder board deflection. Ref#18
Closed off Valve:a valve that controls the on-and-off supply of liquid to or inside a liquid system, if hydraulic system An and hydraulic system B are not working. ref#19
Rudder Trim: It is situated to hold the rudder in a specific position without expecting to utilize your feet such a great amount to help the aircraft track straight amid trip, journey and descent. Ref#20
Task 3: Describe in detail the operation and state the function of the components involved in a hydraulically operated flap system.
(Hydraulically Operated Flap System: The flaps themselves are comprised of two fowler flap fragments on each one wing, being activated by mechanical linkages which are determined by a hydraulic actuator. The detachable flap sections are mechanically connected to the primary inboard areas and are intended to move at a decreased rate, i.e. at the point when completely broadened the inboard flap sections will be at 30 degrees deflection whilst the detachable portions might be at 20 degrees. The flap control valve and the bypass valve are empowered together. The bypass valve closes preventing hydraulic pressure from returning to the reservoir creating hydraulic pressure to manufacture. All the while the flap control valve opens permitting the hydraulic pressure to flow in the flap system bringing about the hydraulic flap actuator to move the flaps in the chose course. When the flaps achieve the coveted position, electrical cutoff switches de-empower the flap control valve to the unbiased position and open the bypass valve which permits hydraulic fluid to flow again to the reservoir. Ref#21
Components
Reservoir: As all hydraulic systems have in like manner, a reservoir which is essentialfor putting away the hydraulic fluid and supplying it to the system and after that store the hydraulic fluid again when it return to it. Ref#22
Bypass Valve: Used to divert fluid to auxiliary systems. They are pivotal mechanisms for controlling the flow and pressure of fluids. Ref#23
Flap control valve: These valves control the pressure and flow of the fluid experiencing the flap actuator. It makes the hydraulic pressure to flow in the flap system creating the hydraulic flap actuator to move the flaps in the chose course.) Ref#24
Restrictor Valve: They confine the flow of the fluid producing a drop in pressure. Generally they have a restricted valve in parallel with it so that confinement just happens in one direction.ref#25
Relief Valve: Pressure relief valves are utilized as a part of hydraulic systems to utmost the system pressure to a particular set level. On the off chance that this set level is arrived at, the pressure relief valve reacts and nourishes the abundance flow from the system once again to the tank.ref#26
Flow Switch: If the hydraulic force unit has different engine pumps, a flow switch can have them exchange if there should arise an occurrence of decreased fluid supply. Ref#27
In this assignment I discussed the construction and clarify the operation of a rod and a cable worked manual flying control system and for every system, expresses the reason for their real components. I additionally clarified the operation of a hydraulically fueled aircraft rudder system and state the reason for each of the significant components inside the system. I additionally said the operation of a hydraulically fueled aircraft trailing edge flap system and state the reason for each of the components inside the system.
Reference
Ref#1: Flight Controls & Powered Flight Controls Book
Ref#2: http://www.aero.polimi.it/~l050263/bacheca/Dispense_EN/06w-FligCont.pdf
Ref#3: http://www.thomasnet.com/articles/machinery-tools-supplies/bearing-types
Ref#4:http://www.andswaru.com/What-is-the-function-of-a-push-pull-rod-in-an-aircraft-control-system
Ref#5: Flight Controls & Powered Flight Controls Book
Ref#6: http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/canada/Aircraft-Flight-Control-Cable-Systems-Maintenance-Work-with-Zero-Tolerance-for-Error_274.html#.U5xT3vm1bop
Ref#7: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_function_of_a_pulley?#slide=2
Ref#8: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-turnbuckle.htm
Ref#9: http://www.b737.org.uk/theruddersystem.htm
Ref#10: http://www.cessnaconquest.net/70/91.html
Ref#11: http://www.cessnaconquest.net/70/91.html
Ref#12: http://www.freestudy.co.uk/fluid%20power/other%20valves.pdf
Ref#13: http://www.toolingu.com/definition-460260-40232-flow-switches.html
Ref#14: http://luscombe.org/technicaldocs/controlcables.pdf
Ref#15: http://web.mscsoftware.com/support/library/conf/adams/na/2000/63_Bombardier_cable_construction_kit.pdf
Ref#16: http://www.daerospace.com/FlightControlSystems/Description.php
Ref#17: http://www.triumphgroup.com/companies/triumph-controls-uk/capabilities/cable-tension-regulators
Ref#18: http://www.dta.eu/hydraulics/hydraulic-valves
Ref#19: http://www.freestudy.co.uk/fluid%20power/other%20valves.pdf
Ref#20:http://www.cessnaconquest.net/70/91.html
Ref#21: http://www.freestudy.co.uk/fluid%20power/other%20valves.pdf
Ref#22: http://www.toolingu.com/definition-460260-40232-flow-switches.html
Ref#23: http://luscombe.org/technicaldocs/controlcables.pdf
Ref#24: http://web.mscsoftware.com/support/library/conf/adams/na/2000/63_Bombardier_cable_construction_kit.pdf
Ref#25: http://www.daerospace.com/FlightControlSystems/Description.php
Ref#26: http://www.triumphgroup.com/companies/triumph-controls-uk/capabilities/cable-tension-regulators
Ref#27: http://www.dta.eu/hydraulics/hydraulic-valves 