...Hydroelectric Power Plants When we walk into our living rooms and flip on the light switch, we get electricity. It’s something we do multiple times a day without giving it much thought. It’s only when the power goes out during a storm that we realize how much we take electricity for granted. How do we get electricity? How are our neighborhoods powered? While Maysville, KY residents and businesses obtain electricity from coal powered power plants, many other areas obtain power from hydroelectric power plants. In the United States, hydropower generates nearly nine percent of the total electricity supply. Worldwide, hydropower plants produce about 24 percent of the world's electricity and supply more than 1 billion people with power. The world's hydropower plants output a combined total of 675,000 megawatts, the energy equivalent of 3.6 billion barrels of oil, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. There are more than 2,000 hydropower plants operating in the United States, making hydropower the country's largest renewable energy source (NREL.gov, 2012). On September 30, 1882, the world's first hydroelectric power plant began operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin. The plant, later named the Appleton Edison Light Company, was initiated by Appleton paper manufacturer H.J. Rogers, who had been inspired by Thomas Edison's plans for an electricity-producing station in New York (americanlibrary.gov, 2013). Thomas Edison’s plant in New...
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...Sustainable Design Case Study on Fashion designer, Stella McCartney. • Stella McCartney would always touch on an element of a sustainable or eco collection in everything she did. • In her lingerie collection, she had a part of the collection that was organic, or with her Adidas collaboration again there were organic materials or recycled materials in the bags or shoes, and every part of her design at some stage comes into contact with that. • She wanted to isolate the collection and in itself make it completely sustainable .She stated she wanted to bring all those elements together and show the importance that it had within the brand. • The designer felt using conventional dyes was an efficient use of resources and had damaging consequences. Though she had to resort to using them in some of her collections she felt it was important to create high quality products for the consumer and not lose its desirability yet also try to be responsible in thinking how to source materials. • She usually sourced organic fabrics. • Some challenges she did face were playing by the rules and being limited. There were less colours, fabrics and different quality attributes she wasn't used to. • She agreed that "80 per cent of a product’s environmental impact is decided at the design stage". • She refrains from using fur or leather in her designs and she exemplified in the reason in the quote, "In the fashion world I think that most designers know fur is wrong. More and more of them also know about...
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...BIOL 101 Alternative Energy Solar and wind power 10/14/2012 [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] Abstract This paper will review solar and wind energy as the alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Solar and wind energy has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years due to both technological improvements resulting in cost reductions and government policies supportive of renewable energy development and utilization. Fossils fuels and nuclear energy have been the world’s main source of energy for years but, with global warming and with a recent melt down at a Japanese nuclear plant many are questioning is it time to use other alternatives energy sources. Although both alternative energy sources are safer than fossil fuels and nuclear energy the world has been reluctant to switch power sources. The recent severe energy crisis has forced the world to develop new and alternative methods of power generation, which could not be adopted so far due to various reasons. Solar energy represents our largest source of renewable energy supply. The Sun is naturally Earth’s most abundant energy source and will be around for billions of years. This is a resource that essentially human beings won’t be worried about running out of anytime soon. Wind Energy...
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...fkjaenjgvkbtfjbdavjkbakbvjkebvjkb vjeqqvj the same power. (b) Smaller Engines Hybrid systems tend to be smaller than regular engines. This means the system is lighter and thus needs less power to do the same work, and, as a result, less fuel. However, disadvantages of hybrids include: (a) Lower Power Output Hybrids are usually designed for fuel economy, not power and thus they tend to produce less power than their full fuel counter parts. (b) High Maintenance Costs The complexity of hybrids mean they cost more to maintain. 2. Fully Electric cars are powered exclusively by electric motors. They usually have batteries, where electricity is stored, or collect electricity from an external source. Advantages of these engines include: 8 (a) No Emission Because fully electric engines do not burn anything, there are no emission, and regulation to worry about. (b) Low Operating Costs Electricity is reasonably cheap in most parts of the world, and, as a result, it is cheaper to run electric engines; and, in a situation where there is access to renewable energy, e.g. wind, solar, there could be no operating costs. There are some disadvantage to this technology, a few include: (a) Long recharging times Battery operated electric engines take much longer, anywhere from 20 minutes to a few hours, to recharge, than standard engines, which can be re lled in a few minutes. Also, because recharging requires special equipment, getting stranded is a bit more likely. (b) Limited...
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...Alberta Oil – Keystone XL pipeline The high demand for oil in the U.S. is continuously increasing. In 2010, the United-States, on average, consumed 19.15 million barrels of oil per day (bpd) (Index Mundi 1). Due to the high demand and the proximity to the U.S., Canada is a major supplier of their oil. The Alberta Tar Sands are the 2nd largest oil reservoir in the world and are a major source of Canada’s oil exports to the States and to the world. The high demand is being met with extreme dislike from environmentalists. It also creates thousands of jobs. Bureaucrats are pushing for its construction; they do it for the economical growth and the capital benefits. The construction of the Keystone XL pipeline (KXL) is a controversial issue which has lead President Obama to deny the permit for TransCanada to continue building in the United-States. Sending crude oil down to the United-States would be a sensitive issue and could hurt Canada’s economic development in the future if not handled correctly. The Keystone XL pipeline would primarily perform the job of bringing oil down from Alberta to the large refineries in Texas. The pipeline will provide millions of new jobs in North America. The quick job increase is due to the fact that government of Alberta assigns permits to extract oil from the Tar Sands and not one has been denied. Robert Rampton, a reporter for the Financial Post, wrote, “Canadian production is surging on expanding output from the oil sands. With exports to...
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...“Water Can Kill?” by Susan D. Hester Page 1 NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Water Can Kill? Exploring Effects of Osmosis by Susan D. Hester Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Part I – Three True Stories Case 1: Jennifer Strange 1,2 Jennifer Strange was a 28-year-old mother of three who entered a radio contest to try to win a Nintendo Wii game system for her children. As part of KDND’s “Hold your wee for a Wii” contest, Jennifer drank bottle after bottle of water for hours without urinating. Initially, Jennifer seemed to be having fun, joking lightheartedly with the radio hosts and obligingly downing an 8-ounce bottle of water every 15 minutes. As the hours passed, however, she developed a splitting headache and dizziness. Finally, she couldn’t take it anymore and ran to the bathroom and vomited. Jennifer called her boss to say that she was going home for the day because her headache was excruciating and she was too sick for work. Jennifer’s mother found her that afternoon, dead in her home. Case 2: Cassandra Killpack 3 After a 3 ½-week trial, a jury found Jennete Killpack, 29, guilty of killing her 4-year-old adopted daughter Cassandra by forcing approximately a gallon of water down the girl’s throat in an attempt to discipline her. A few hours after the “hydro-discipline,” the Killpacks called the paramedics because Cassandra was unresponsive. The paramedics delivered her to the hospital...
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...Application of Ocean Wave Generator Equipment K’Adesh A.D. Hepburn University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Systems Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Abstract- This paper purposes the techniques and optimization of Ocean Wave Generation equipment. This paper analysis the characteristics and operational reformation of Power generation through Ocean wave technology, with special background in Oceanology. “Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.(Carbon Trust 2006)” [3]. Ocean Wave generator equipment should be primarily use for power generation. Ocean wave can be advantageous due to nonexistence fossil fuel coal emission and nuclear radiation. The most basic functionality requirement of a generator in a wave energy converter (WEC) is that of mechanical to electrical power conversion – in similar manner to the functionality of a generator in a fossil fuel power plant. [2]. Oppose to on water oil rigs, whose residue still resides in the gulf coast. Ocean Wave generator can be the future of renewable energy. The gist of Ocean Wave generation relies mostly on kinetic energy of the tidal wave develop by the wind. Power generation can be control with an Ocean Wave generator. Research is also being conduct on Ocean wave harvesting allowing us to harness this energy. However, there is the question about Marine life, if there are any harmful toxins that can jeopardize the marine life in a particular...
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...THE SMART GRID: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH A “State-of-Play” Discussion Paper Presented by the Canadian Electricity Association TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..2 Introduction. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..3 I. Definition and Objectives of the Smart Grid. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..5 A) Definition.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..5 B) Objectives ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..5 II. The Smart Grid’s Five Capabilities .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..7 A) Demand Response .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..7 B) Facilitation of Distributed Generation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..7 C) Facilitation of Electric Vehicles . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..8 D) Optimization of Asset Use ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..8 E) Problem Detection and Mitigation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..9 III. Building Blocks . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A) Hard Infrastructure .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
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...European Union Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) The Nigerian Energy Sector An Overview with a Special Emphasis on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Rural Electrification 2nd Edition, June 2015 Implemented by 2 Acknowledgements This report on the Nigerian energy sector was compiled as part of the Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP). NESP is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and funded by the European Union and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The authors would like to thank the GIZ Nigeria team for having entrusted this highly relevant subject to GOPA- International Energy Consultants GmbH, and for their extensive and dedicated inputs and guidance provided during implementation. The authors express their gratitude to all project partners who provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into ongoing activities during the course of the project. It was a real pleasure and a great help to exchange ideas and learn from highly experienced management and staff and committed representatives of this programme. How to Read Citations Bibliography is cited by [Author; Year]. Where no author could be identified, we used the name of the institution. The Bibliography is listed in Chapter 10. Websites (internet links) are cited with a consecutive numbering system [1], [2], etc. The Websites are listed in Chapter 11. 3 Imprint Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft...
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...Electricity: What Powers Our Planet To Whom It May Concern: It’s dark and you are trying to sign paperwork. You want to turn on the lights so you can see better. With one flick, the whole room illuminates. But, congressman, let me ask you. Have you ever wondered how electricity works? What is it that makes electricity possible? What did it take for light to have the ability to stream out of the light bulb? We take electricity for granted, but not many of us actually look into it. People often do not know how electricity is the way it is, but instead they see electricity as something that is very accessible and plentiful. So, congressman, you have the money, and I have the brains. You want to know how to spend the 200 billion? I’ll tell you. Let’s start off with what electricity really is. You hear that word so many times in your daily life, but few have heard the scientific definition. Electricity is a type of energy produced from the existence of electrons or protons, either statically as a build-up of charge, or dynamically as a current. It is usually categorized into two different currents: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Alternating current is a constant flow of electric charge that reverses its course from time to time. Direct current is the opposite; it only runs in one direction. Within those two currents are things such as volts, watts, amperes (or amps), and ohms. Volts are the SI unit of electromotive force, the distinction of potential that would...
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...Pros and Cons of Liberalisation , Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG) , LPG in Developed and Developing Countries LIBERALISATION The main aim of liberalisation was to dismantle the excessive regulatory framework which acted as a shackle on freedom of enterprise. Over the years, the country had developed a system of “license-permit raj.” The aim of the new economic policy was to save the entrepreneurs from unnecessary Harassment of seeking permission from the Babudom (the bureaucracy of the country) to start an undertaking. Similarly, the big business houses were unable to start new enterprises because the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act had prescribed a ceiling on asset ownership to the extent of Rs. 90 crores. In case a business house had assets of more than Rs.90 crores, its application after scrutiny by the MRTP Commission was rejected. It was believed that on account of the rise in prices this limit had become outdated and needed a review. The major purpose of liberalisation was to free the large private corporate sector form bureaucratic controls. It, therefore, started dismantling the regime of industrial licensing and controls. On April 14, 1993, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs decided to remove three more items form the list of 18 industries reserved for compulsory licencing. The three items were: motor cars, white goods (which include refrigerators, washing machines, air-conditioners, microwave ovens etc.) and raw hides...
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...only logical to employ someone who is extremely well versed in the culture of Uganda to serve as a liaison with HG’s headquarters. Whether that person is Martin or someone else, however, HG must establish clear guidelines that reflect both U.S. law and corporate policy to guide the managers of their foreign operations. 4.IN HG’s NEXT PHASE, THE DAM CONSTRUCTION, SHOULD IT EMPLOY SOMEONE WHOSE MAIN FUNCTION IS TO BE A LIAISON BETWEEN HG’s CORPORATE CULTURE AND THE CULTURE OF UGANDA? IF SO, SHOULDMARTIN BE THE PERSON FOR THE JOB? The assignment taken up by Hydro Generations to construct a power plant in Uganda can be viewed in different phases. The first and initial phase can be listed as establishing an operating structure so that future work activities could be carried out smoothly and uninterrupted. The second phase consists of the construction of the dam. The final phase even though not mentioned in the case study could be assumed to be as the final construction of the power plant. Charles Martin’s initial assignment mainly dealt in the pre constructional phase where his duties were three pronged. 1. Working with Ugandan government authorities in the capital, Kampala, and withvillagers in the area where the dam was to be built to gain support and necessary permissions for the construction. 2. Establishing an office and hiring people for that office who would be responsible for local purchases, clearance of incoming goods through customs, immigration permissions...
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...to Marketing World Cup, the biggest b-school marketing event in India. Ad-o-holic‘11 carries the practical case of TV show promotion. The participants will be formulating promotion strategies for three shows, each belonging to different genre. It thus gives the opportunity to participating students to advertise ‗Dance‘, ‗Dare‘ and ‗Ditch‘ism and win the 7 P.M. war of reality. Students can read the coverage of Ad-o-holic in Markezine‘s September edition. From The Desk Of the Editor Page 3 Dear Readers, Greetings from Club MarkUp, the Marketing Club of IMT Ghaziabad!! After a short sabbatical for summer internships, we are back with the August Edition of Markezine. This time around, the team has conceptualized some brand new sections like Mark -toons, Mark-efeeds: happenings and trends and WOW (Words on Wall). The theme for this edition was ―Co-Marketing: Cost Collaboration or Smart Strategy ‖ and we have been overwhelmed with the response both in quality and quantity. Co -marketing or cooperative marketing is an emerging trend and has been catching up in the recent years as a smart strategy to build up Point-Of-Differentiation as well as expanding consumer base. However, to segregate it as cost collaboration strategy or a smart strategy is a tough nut to crack because the current trends affirm to both the sides of the coin. For example in the case of Senseo coffeemaker, the Philips...
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...substitution by promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy and interregional co-operation. However, oil and natural gas will continue to be the world’s top two energy sources through 2040; accounting for about 60 percent of global demand. Gas being the fastest growing major fuel source over this period is expected to grow at 1.6 percent per year from 2010 to 2040 as estimated by “The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040” is given in Figure-14.1. Figure 14.1: Global energy demand by fuel type (Quadrillion BTUs) 250 Quadrillions British Thermal Units 2010 200 150 100 2040 2040 2010 From its peak in 2025, coal will decline by more than 10 percent of total Hydro/Geo 2010 2040 Latin America and China are the biggest users of hydro power, which makes up over 80 percent of total Hydro/Geo supplies 2040 50 0 2010 2010 2040 2010 2040 2010 2040 Source: The Outlook for Energy: Aview to 2040 Pakistan’s economy has been growing at an average growth rate of almost 3 percent for the last four years and demand of energy both at production and consumer end is increasing rapidly. Knowing that there is a strong relationship between economic growth and energy demand, the government is making all possible efforts to address the challenges of rising energy demand (Box-1)....
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...Summary of the Situation Hallington Utilities Services (HUS) has been in business since 1979 and has many problems throughout the organization. Marion Forbes, senior human resource manager, decided to carry out an organizational assessment to see what needed to be revised in her department. What should the human resource strategy at Hallington consist of? There is lack of effectiveness in departments due to fear of downsizing, lack of motivation, weak recruitment and training strategies, poor communication skills, past favoritism and sweetheart deals, and inadequate compensation benefits. The employee morale has been slowly declining due to changes being made around the organization. The HUS systems need to be updated, along with policies and procedures within their organizational structure. Forbes needs to think of a strategy that would motivate the employees to work up to their potential, have an effective employee base and compete successfully in the competitive market of suppliers. Analysis of the Situation The current system that is being utilized at HUS is definitely not as effective as it should be. For a organization consisting of 275 employees, a strong and sufficient communication line is needed. There is no effective communication being used and it is putting a strain on productivity, morale and job security. The employees are not being fully informed by managers or supervisors but just going off word of mouth tactics. Job security and stability are always up in...
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