...| The World Bank (IBRD) and The International Monetary Fund (IMF) | | | | | Appendix CDF Comprehensive Development Framework IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IMF International Monetary Fund LIC low-income countries SDR special drawing right Executive Summary The second half of the twentieth century was one of unprecedented economic achievement. Rapid growth in the world economy, fueled by expanding international trade and advancing technology, brought more rapid increases in living standards to more of the world's people than ever before in history. And yet, despite these significant gains, we live in a world with severe deprivation and inequality. Over one billion people one fifth of the world's population live on less than a dollar a day, and per capita incomes in some countries have been declining for decades. In the next two decades, world population will grow by another two billion people. Nearly all of them will be born in developing countries. Without action by the international community, the global divide will worsen. We live in one world, and poverty is a threat to global security and welfare. The purpose of IMF & World Bank (IBRD) is to help all our member countries develop their human potential and productive resources, thereby building the foundations for sustainable economic growth. Recent history shows that countries that pursue the right policies, operating in a growing world economy, and with...
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...The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) were established by delegates at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944 and became operational in 1946.[4] The IBRD was established with the original mission of financing the reconstruction efforts of war-torn European nations following World War II, with goals shared by the later Marshall Plan. The Bank issued its inaugural loan of $250 million ($2.6 billion in 2012 dollars[5]) to France in 1947 to finance infrastructure projects. The institution also established its first field offices in Paris, France, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Prague in the former Czechoslovakia. Throughout the remainder of the 1940s and 1950s, the Bank financed projects seeking to dam rivers, generate electricity, and improve access to water and sanitation. It also invested in France, Belgium, and Luxembourg's steel industry. Following the reconstruction of Europe, the Bank's mandate has transitioned to eradicating poverty around the world. In 1960, the International Development Association (IDA) was established to serve as the Bank's concessional lending arm and provide low and no-cost finance and grants to the poorest of the developing countries as measured by gross national income per capita.[2][6] The IBRD began investing in development projects such as the Japanese high-speed railway system in 1964. In 1971, the IBRD set up an agricultural scientific research partnership organization to promote research...
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...Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) • the International Development Association (IDA) • the International Finance Corporation (IFC) • the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) • The International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). In general, the World Bank Groups’ mission is to help with long-term growth in developing countries by providing funding for infrastructure, education, health and other necessary building blocks to establish a productive economy. The IBRD is the initial institution of the World Bank when it was establish after World War II to assist in the reconstruction of Europe and Asia. Today it has the stated goal to improve poverty in “middle-income countries’ and creditworthy poorer nations through sustainable development. They accomplish this through financial assistance (loans) as well as provide analysis and advice. The International Development Association (IDA) provides interest-free loans and grants to the world’s poorest countries. Similar to the IBRD the IDA promote economic growth by financing infrastructure, agriculture, health, education and similar activities, except the IDA services those countries which fall below the scope of the IBRD. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) supports development in the private sector by providing loans, offering management advice and by managing private investor’s funds which are used to provide the institution loans. The IFC differs from the IBRD and the IDA in that it focuses...
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...monetary relations among the independent nations worldwide. This system was named by the place which was taken for the 730 delegates from 44 different countries to gather which was at Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States. This gathering is called the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference which is also known as the Bretton Woods Conference. The intention of this gathering is to rebuild the international economic system whilst World War II was still going on. The planners at the Bretton Woods System established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) which is now known as World Bank which is to set up a system of rules, regulations, procedures and institutions to regulate the international monetary system. The IBRD is also set up to speed up post-war reconstruction, to aid political stability, and to foster peace. The main reason for the establishment of Bretton Woods Exchange Rate System was to make it an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy to maintain the exchange rate by tying their currency together with gold which was one of the reasons why International Monetary Fund(IMF) was established which is to bridge temporary imbalances of...
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...Liberalism and The consequences of World War II Ayomide A Adaranijo History 3100; Diplomatic History Dr. Oreste Foppiani Although the term liberalism, in the political sense, became very popular in the early 1970’s, actions that would qualify as liberalism had begun to take place since, at the latest, after the Second World War, and probably before that time. The aftermath of the Second World War was the beginning of wide spread international cooperation, and the period immediately after the war signified the beginning of international organizations and the beginning of political and economic cooperation amongst the most powerful countries at the time. Because of the effects of the war, most countries had no other choice but to cooperate with each other in order to recover from the economic downturn after World War II. This period after the war marked the beginning of a series of actions that would eventually lead to the globalized and interdependent political economy that we have today. At the end of the Second World War, most of the former super powers (Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany) were in ruins. The only two true winners of the war were the United States and the Soviet Union. However, the United States was the only country to come out of World War 2 with a stable and efficient economy as well as an intact army and the capacity to produce nuclear weapons (this was very crucial at that time). With most of the world’s economy in jeopardy, the leaders of these...
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...A Project Report On Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project Submitted by Group 06 Madhukar Rathod -300683322 Ravi Joshi -300700707 Varin Furia -300698168 Under the Guidance of Prof. Farhad Moayeri Centennial College School of Business Academic Year 2012-2013 Letter of Transmittal Group 06 Centennial College, Section 102, PMGT-729 School Of Business Centennial College, Progress Campus Scarborough, Ontario M1G 3T8 November 27th, 2012 Prof. Farhad Moayeri Professor, PMGT-729 School Of Business Centennial College, Progress Campus Scarborough, Ontario M1G 3T8 Respected Farhad Moayeri, We submit herewith the term report of our project entitled “Chad and Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project”. The report was performed in group and the main reason of doing the same was to understand, explore, analyze and compare the past international project. This report includes all the documents which we need to submit for our project. We received full cooperation from the Professor. We are thankful to you for giving us such a valuable project in which we can use our knowledge and skills which we learned from our course. Please accept the report as the fulfillment of the course activity. Sincerely, Group number 6: Madhukar Rathod 300683322 Varin Furia 300698168 Ravi Joshi ...
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...CHAPTER 4 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS 4.1. Balance of Payments (BoP) statistics systematically summaries the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of the World for a specific period. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is responsible for compilation and dissemination of BoP data. BoP is broadly consistent with the guidelines contained in the BoP Manual of the International Monetary Fund. 4.2. Balance of payment (BoP) comprises of current account, capital account, errors and omissions and changes in foreign exchange reserves. Under current account of the BoP, transactions are classified into merchandise (exports and imports) and invisibles. Invisible transactions are further classified into three categories, namely (a) Services-travel, transportation, insurance, Government not included elsewhere (GNIE) and miscellaneous (such as, communication, construction, financial, software, news agency, royalties, management and business services); (b) Income; and (c) Transfers (grants, gifts, remittances, ets.) which do not have any quid pro quo. 4.3. Under the Capital Account, capital inflows can be classified by instrument (debt or equity) and maturity (short or longterm). The main components of the capital account include foreign investment, loans and banking capital. Foreign investment, comprising Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Portfolio Investment consisting of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) investment, American Depository Receipts/Global Depository Receipts (ADRs/GDRs)...
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...INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ROLE OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS International financial institutions (IFIs) are financial institutions that have been established by more than one country, and hence are subjects of international laws. Their owners or shareholders are generally national governments, although other international institutions and other organizations occasionally figure as shareholders. The most prominent IFIs are creations of multiple nations, although some bilateral financial institutions exist and are technically IFIs. Many of these are multilateral development banks (MDB). WHAT ARE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (IFI’S)? World Bank Group (WBG): * International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) * International Development Association (IDA) * International Finance Corporation (IFC) * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) * International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Monetary Fund (IMF) Regional development banks, such as: * African Development Bank (AFDB) * Asian Development Bank (ADB) * Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) * Bank of the South * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Other regional financial institutions e.g. European Investment Bank (EIB) Export Credit Agencies of individual country governments, such as: 1. US Export Import Bank (EXIM) 2. Japan External Trade Organization Hermes Kreditversicherungs...
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...in die onderstaande opstel bespreek word. Doelstellings van Die Wêreldbank Die bank, oorspronklik genoem die Internasionale Bank vir Rekonstruksie en Ontwikkeling (IBRD), is tot stand gebring om te help met die heropbou van Europa na die TWO en die ontwikkeling van onderontwikkelde lande. Die bank het lenings toegestaan aan regerings van die dag om hulle infrastruktuur te herstel en uit te brei ten einde produktiewe uitset in die ekonomie te kan verhoog (Konkel, 2014: 277). Met die groot bedrae geld wat in 1948 deur die Marshall Plan aan lande verskaf is, was Die Wêreldbank nie nodig vir rekonstruksie nie, en het die bank begin fokus op sy ontwikkelingsdoelstelling deur produksie in onderontwikkelde lande te verhoog. Die konsensus was dat die ekonomiese voordele van verhoogde produksie in onderontwikkelde lande sal afsyfer en armoede sal bekamp (Alacevich, 2009: 2). Die Wêreldbank het deurentyd egter gefokus om “konserwatiewe lenings” toe te staan en het weggeskram van ekonomiese oordragte (transfers) en fasiliteite. Hierdie is was gedoen om beleggersvertroue in die bank te behou en te verseker dat die bank in die ope mark fondse kan verkry (Konkel, 2014: 282). Eers in 1960 het die instelling die Internasionale Ontwikkelingsagentskap geskep om aan die armste lande (wat nie kredietwaardig genoeg is vir IBRD lenings nie) finansiering te verskaf in die vorm van “krediete” en subsidies....
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...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSs Name SIDRA IFTIKHAR SECTION: Ah REGISTERATION NO :078 Submitted to sir saqib fareed sheikh GLOBALIZATION Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. In particular, advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the Internet, are major factors in globalization and precipitate further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. GATT General agreement on tariffs and trade, an international treaty (1948–94) to promote trade and economic development by reducing tariffs and other restrictions. it was superseded by the establishment of the world trade organization in 1995 History of GATT • Following World War II, the victor nations sought to create institutions that would eliminate the causes of war. • Their principles were to resolve or prevent war through the United Nations and to eliminate the economic causes of war by establishing three international economic institutions. GATT, 1947 Because the ITO was stillborn the provisional agreement for the ITO, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) became the agreement...
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...PROJECT FINANCING AND INTERNATIONAL MARKETS ASSIGNMENT 1 GROUP 1 PRESENTATION A TERM PAPER WRITTEN BY: 1. Joash Gombe 2. Carren Oyolla L50/70100/2013 3. Julius Owade 4. Lillian Dullo 5. Diana osuri 6. Willy Mugenzi Lecturer: Dr. Nyonje UNIT: LDP 602: PROJECT FINANCING Assignment submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Masters Degree in Project Planning and Management of the University of Nairobi 2014 ABSTRACT This document examines the financial markets that multinational corporations, government agencies and banks use in conducting the business. It combines a solid foundation of theory with a state of art analysis of today international markets. The international market include the market for foreign exchange, the euro currency and related money markets, the euro bond and global equity markets, the commodity markets and the markets for forward contracts, options, swaps and other derivatives. In recent years profound changes have swept the markets and institutions of finance. In key ways the institutions that in car lies decades dominated global finance commercial banks and supranational organization like the IMF have been displayed by direct private finance. The IMF originally designed to resurrects the worlds monetary system following the chaos of the World War II has become a leader to less developed countries...
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...National and International Approaches in Social Reporting Author(s): Franz Rothenbacher Reviewed work(s): Source: Social Indicators Research, Vol. 29, No. 1 (May, 1993), pp. 1-62 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27522680 . Accessed: 25/11/2011 03:27 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Social Indicators Research. http://www.jstor.org FRANZ ROTHENBACHER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES IN SOCIAL REPORTING* (Accepted 27 October, 1992) ABSTRACT. National and international in social in western approaches reporting are described. starts with The the outline of current in activities paper Europe are discussed. international The national Further organizations. competing approaches and products of social reporting; the plurality of actors in social topics are the sources and different The only diffusion of ways of its institutionalization. reporting, incomplete inWestern social are offered...
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...9/26/12 World Bank Statement of September 25, 2012 on Padma Bridge English Español Français ﻋﺭﺑﻲ Русский Search GO ABOUT DATA RESEARCH LEARNING NEWS PROJECTS & OPERATIONS PUBLICATIONS COUNTRIES TOPICS News & Views This page in: English PRESS RELEASE MOST POPULAR World Bank Statement of September 25, 2012 on Padma Bridge September 25, 2012 World Bank Statement of September 20, 2012 on Padma Bridge Rethink Role of State in Finance, says World Bank WASHINGTON, September 25, 2012—The World Bank today issued the following statement concerning the Padma bridge project in Bangladesh: Media reports have quoted senior Bangladeshi government officials misrepresenting the World Bank’s position concerning the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project. We feel obliged to issue the following clarifications: The Bank has shared repeatedly with the Government of Bangladesh credible evidence of corruption involving senior public officials related to the financing of the Padma bridge. This led the World Bank to cancel the US$1.2 billion credit in the absence of a credible response by the government. On September 20, 2012 the government agreed: MEDIA CONTACTS In Washington Angela Walker tel : (202) 4730626 awalker1@worldbank.org Statement by Dr. Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group World Bank Appoints Kaushik Basu Chief Economist Severe Droughts Drive Food Prices Higher, Threatening the Poor RESOURCES World Bank in Bangladesh...
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...Founded – July 1944 Headquartered in Washington D.C. Over 100 offices all over the world 188 member countries, South Sudan being the 188th member in 2012 Membership of the IMF is required 5 Largest shareholders: France, Germany, Japan, UK, and US John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White were the intellectual founding fathers of the IMF and the World Bank Keynesian Plan - John Maynard Keynes, during the World war years, played a decisive role in the negotiations that were to shape the post-war international economic order. In 1944, he led the British delegation to the Bretton Woods conference in the United States. At the conference he played a significant part in the planning of the World Bank and then MF. White was the chief international economist at the U.S. Treasury. In 1944, he drafted the American plan for the IMF that competed with the British Treasure blueprint drafted by Keynes. Most of White's plan was incorporated into the final acts adopted at Bretton Woods. The IMF was given the role of promoting global economic growth through international trade and financial stability. One of Keynes' most significant roles was as chairman of the Bank Commission. Under his leadership, the Bank articles were drafted rapidly and successfully despite the lack of pre-conference groundwork regarding the organization of the World Bank. Neither Keynes nor White lived to see their visions of the IMF and the World Bank become reality. Both men died of heart attacks...
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...RE: Wolfowitz and Riza at the Wold Bank Facts of the case are that Wolfowitz and Riza were together every step of the way. They were in a relationship before he joined the Wold Bank. Universal Banking Laws suggest that people in high ranking positions cannot have their relatives or spouses in the same company as this increases the risk to the organisation. Wolfowitz wanted to have his cake and eat it too In the Board Room and in the Bedroom. He decided to come out clean in the beginning and disclose of his relationship with Ms Riza, just to see what the board would suggest. The board suggested that he transfer Ms Riza to a position outside his influence. Wolfowitz directed the VP - HR to transfer Ms Riza, increase her salary to an amount above and beyond those of others employees and even seeing to it that the terms of her position be changed after he was no longer with the organisation (Planning and Intent). This was highly unethical for Wolfowitz to do, for HR to comply and for Ms Riza to accept. This is an ethical offence only in countries that have Laws against them and the Resources to enforce them. But in the REAL world and thats how most Corporate Big wigs and Government officials Roll...... Ref:http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-04-14/us/27870120_1_shaha-riza-bank-employees-riza-affair http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-454960/White-House-defends-Wolfowitz-He-ousted.html http://gulfnews.com/business/banking/world-bank-promises-quick-action-on-wolfowitz-scandal-1...
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