...INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 1, ISSUE 11, DECEMBER 2012 ISSN 2277-8616 Contributions of Madrasah To The Development of The Nation Character Ma'zumi, Jakaria Abstract:-The purpose of writing this article is to discuss the contribution of madrasah to the development of the nation character. Analysis methodology used in this study is qualitative analysis based on causal effectual analysis model, which connects the madrasah conditions and their effects on the development of the nation character. The result showed that madrasah could provide a positive and significant contribution to the development of the nation character. Index Terms:- Madrasah, education, national character. ———————————————————— 1 INTRODUCTION Pesantren and madrasah is the root of education in Indonesia. Pesantren and madrasah have produced many leaders in the field of education, religion (scholars), statesman even hero, so it can not be denied the role and contribution to the character with establishment of the Nation, such as Wahid Hashim, Hamka, Hasyim Muzadi, Mahfud MD. In the contemporary context, encountered symptom of moral decline that is really worrying, such as fraud, deceit, oppression, and harm each other, even fight each other which not only affects adults but also among the students, as a generation, have tarnished the credibility of the education (Nata, 2003), it was time for madrasah to act more minimizing the deterioration of the nation and mankind in general...
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...Muslim Women and the Veil For this critical review analysis paper, I have chosen to do set four of the project. I will begin to analyze and break down the fundamental themes in each of the articles from the sources provided by the professor. My examination of the texts, Islamic and Body Politics by Asma Barlas and Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil by Katherine Bullock, will be purely academic. Both these articles share similar views of the concept of veiling and portrayal of the female body by opposing the monolithic and secular views given to the veil by the majority of the world. The view given to the veil is simple and is explicitly cited in Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil, it is that "the popular Western notion that the veil is a symbol of Muslim women's oppression is a constructed image that does not represent the experience of all those who wear it." My stance on the subject of veiling will be in support of: those who wear the Veil (or as I will interchangeably mention it in this paper, "Hjiab" - Arabic term for head scarf) do it so by their own will and not to represent the view of oppression that has been deemed on it, also, to reiterate that the Qur'an or any other Islamic text do not support the views of oppression of women. Through my investigation of the two given articles, I will support my view with the help of three different articles that share the same type of commentary on the issue of Veiling. My inclusion of the article Eastern Veiling, Western Freedom...
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...Allama Iqbal on Islam-Democracy Discourse: An Analysis of his Views on Compatibility and Incompatibility Tauseef Ahmed Parray Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a poet and philosopher, a fine prose-writer, a great linguist and man of letters, a well-known lawyer, a leading politician, a front-rank statesman, an esteemed educationist, a great art critic, Muslim reformer, a dominant and one of the most distinguished thinkers of the 20th century. His writings – consisting of poetry in three languages: Punjabi, Urdu and Persian and prose in English and Urdu - have inspired thousands and his thought has moved millions. Iqbal was at the same time a philosopher in the line of al-Farabi, Ibn Sina and al-Ghazzali and a poet in the rank of Saa`di and Hafiz. For most of his life his profession was law and his passion, writing prose and especially poetry, considering it as a vehicle for the propagation of his thought. Iqbal studied both Islamic sciences and the Western philosophy. His writings were indebted to two principal sources: his Islamic heritage and the western philosophy he studied at Cambridge, Munich, and Heidelberg. The poetry of Iqbal is mainly philosophical and the questions relating to religion, race and civilization, government, progress of women, literature and arts, and world politics were of equal interest to him. In this paper, an exploration of Iqbal`s views about democracy is made, revealing that he accepted only those principles of democracy which...
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...THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND ITS DISCONTENTS Antinomies of Christianity, Islam and the calculative sciences In my point of view, the main concern of this paper is about the role of ideology in retarding or advancing the Enlightenment project. Which the ideologies itself in this case are Christianity, Islam, and accounting as a calculative science because each constitute a social ideology where they are systems of belief that inform conduct in everyday life. And what is Enlightenment itself? From the explanation of Kant, “Enlightenment is the liberation of man from his self-caused state of minority. Minority is incapacity of using one understands without the direction of another. This state of minority is self-caused when its source lies not in a lack of understanding but in a lack of determination and courage to use it without the assistance of another. Dare to use your own understanding.” From the Christian dialectic, human Enlightenment decline. It is characterized by the existence of a war against the accumulation of wealth, which is considered as an obstacle to the development of capitalism. In catholic paternalism, it is seen the pressure internally and externally. Internally, there was hypocrisy of economic in the body of the Church, where they prohibit lending practices and interest rates, but the Church itself there is excess wealth. Externally, the secularization of Church function in the form of God monarchy or God monopoly, faced with land acquisition monarchy that...
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...Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper that addresses the following: Based on your reading, who do you see as having a successful leadership style, and why do you consider him or her a successful leader? Provide an example of a historical figure or someone you know. Review the results of your Leadership and Team Self-Management Assessment. How does your leadership style compare to the successful leader you identified? What traits does the successful leader have that you think you need to develop? What strengths do you have from which your example leader could benefit? Name Course Instructor Topic: Leadership style Introduction Leadership refers to the individual who has an ability to think creatively and out of the boxes, which possess great ideas and has a potential to accomplish these ideas. A leader has an ability to see beyond the obstacles and come up with solutions. Different types of leaderships work in different kinds of situations. Different theories have proposed different types of leadership styles. Some of them are related to each other in one way or another. According to the Behavioral theories, the most common types of leadership are as follows (Sullivan & Decker, 2009); * Autocratic leadership: it’s an extreme kind of leadership in which leader exerts authoritative control over the employees or team members, giving them very little room for making suggestions. * Democratic leadership: democratic leader give an opportunity to the team members...
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...book. Therefore, the term ‘Civil Code’ is read in conjunction with the adjective ‘Uniform’ it connotes a code which shall be uniformly applicable to all citizens irrespective of their religion, race, sex, caste and creed. Uniform Civil Code, therefore, generally refers to that part of law which deals with family affairs of an individual and denotes uniform law for all citizens, irrespective of his/her religion, caste or tribe. UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND INDIAN CONSTITUTION Article 44 of the Constitution of India requires the state to secure for the citizens of India a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India. India is a unique blend and merger of codified personal laws of Hindus, Christians, Parsis and to some extent of laws of Muslims. However, there exists no uniform family related law in a single statutory book for all Indians which are universally acceptable to all religious communities who co-exist in India. The constitution, by virtue of Article 44, is very clear that unless a uniform civil code is followed, integration cannot be imbibed. However, the fact is that it is only a “directives principle” laid down in the constitution and as Article 37 of the Constitution itself makes clear, the directive principles “shall not be enforceable by any court”. Nevertheless, they are “fundamental...
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...Summary ”Dusk over Atlantic wharf” is about an Indian girl ‘Lata, ‘who lives in Cardiff. ‘She is not keen on being in Wales, as she has only lived ‘there with her husband, Anuj, for ‘about two months. ‘As the story begins, she finds the day ‘dull. Thus, Anuj takes her to ‘the cinema in order to watch a “Bollywood” ‘film. There, she is confronted with ‘Welsh culture as she spots both young Welsh ‘girls and a diverse Welsh population ‘in the cinema hall. As ‘Lata and Anuj watch the movie, the ‘division ‘between the couple becomes increased. ‘She is quite attentive ‘when she discovers places within the ‘film which she knows from ‘her life in India. However, Anuj does not find ‘this thrilling. When the couple leaves the cinema; ‘Lata finally bursts into tears as she realises ‘that Cardiff is now her new home. Characterization of Lata and her relationship with Anuj. When one ‘faces an unfamiliar culture, one may become unconscious about one’s appearance and future life. The description above ‘somehow indicates what Lata is going through ‘when facing her new existence; “She walked to the window. ‘The sky loomed large and grey over the chimney ‘tops and television aerials. Lata missed the drama of ‘colours played out in the sky. She observed it had ‘been the same dull grey throughout the day. Just like the ‘bed sheets back home – after they had come ‘back from dhobi” From this quote, one gets ‘the impression that the Welsh weather acts ‘like some kind of metaphor. Thus, it gives...
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...and how it reports. The Problem which this study wishes to study is how is the handling of the Media Landscape in the fields of Terrorism Crime and the Violence in Mindanao and how did it affect Muslim Communities attitudes and Behavior towards the institution of Media. The hypotheses is the there is a significant effect on the behavior of the community and their views on the institution of Media. To gather data and to analyze this problem the researchers used a descriptive status analysis which seeks to answer questions to real facts relating to existing conditions in group of cases that is chosen for study. The sample is determined using a simple random sampling which aimed at a minimum target of 300 respondents which is the 10% of the population of the area which is 3,000. The respondents where chosen out of the 19 Muslim Communities found in Metro Manila, the number of ethnic groups in the area is more diverse than most other Muslim Communities in the Metro Manila area. The subjects aged 15- 40 years regardless of educational background and social status. The study did not put too much stress on the quality of the respondents because it is important that a more honest response and to measure their knowledge of issues, this is done to observe their experiences outside of the Muslim Community. The researchers opted to use a survey method to gather the data needed for this research. The study employed a Likert Scale which uses a 5 point choice scale and an idea. The survey form...
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...4 March: City of God – Utopian Reader – include a little bit on it – 22 volumes in all. Christianity – Augustine – classicly trained greek scholar. City in north Africa. Story like apostle Paul – orginially a person who persecuted Christians – north African wealth family from – found enlightenment in Christianity. Once he joined became one of the early scholars trained in greek – regulized Christian theology. Influence on western world – top four or five who influenced. Confessions and City of God his writings…look up! What’s the purpose of improving human society – complex – why do it? Can human society be made better? Why bother, what is the point, justification? Takes effort, misery involved, change, unknowns, takes energy, takes risks. HAPPINESS – justification for improving society. What do you have to have to be happy? What is happiness – PHI 101 – happiness according to whom? Lack of misery; literally the elimination of misery. Secondly, food – gives pleasure – Happiness is lack of human misery and maximizing /pleasure and happiness. Bliss 24/7 – hedonism Epicureanism – eliminating misery and maximizing happiness. The justification of utopianism = why did plato want the republic? Justisifcation for improving human society among the Greeks? Poor always poor, always unhappy, death claims everyone - it is rational to maximize pleasure and eliminate misery. Do eternally accouding to plato. Opinions – 1. Relativism is a retreat in the 20th century. Can’t...
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...ABSTRACT: This report explores critical discourse analysis as a theory in rhetoric discourse and speech act and pragmatics. The framework of analysis includes the mixture of my own ideas and theory of various experts such and Aristotle, Tuan Van Dijk, H.P Grice and Robert Dilts. As critical discourse analysis is a very flexible term of social linguistic study and it allows one to go with the own ideas, here I have chosen suitable analytical tool of experts to analyze the two different discourse, one is verbal discourse ( Tryst with Destiny) and second is written discourse ( Toyoda’s statement 2013) and at the end comparison of both discourse. Key words: critical discourse analysis, rhetoric discourse, speech act, pragmatics, social linguistic, tryst with destiny, Toyoda’s statement 2013. INTRODUCTION Critical discourse analysis (CDA) comprises three inter-related processes of analysis which are linked up with three inter-related dimensions of discourse. Three inter-related process of analysis. 1) Text analysis (description) 2) Processing analysis ( interpretation) 3) Social analysis ( explanation) Three inter-related dimensions of CDA. 1) Discourse structure (systematically and explicitly described structure at all level) 2) Social structure (in the context of society) 3) Cognitive structure ( mental cognitive interface) The three dimensions of CDA is coherently related with each other to make up a substantial discourse where mental cognitive...
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...ID 201035872 Sholay Sholay is the Hindi action-adventure film that was shot by Ramesh Sippy. It is considered as the best example of the Hindi masala movie. Masala movie is a mix of several movie genres, which usually include tragedy, comedy, adventure and action. The plot of the film is about Thakur Baldev Singh, former police officer (played by Sanjeev Kumar) trying to capture the main antagonist of the movie Gabbar Singh, a gang leader (played by Amjad Khan) by hiring two thieves, who are also the main protagonists of the movie Veru (played by Dharmendra) and Jai (played by Amitabh Bachchan). Although this movie is considered as the highest box-office grossing Hindi movie up to this time, I personally did not enjoy this movie. In this essay, I will present a brief plot of the movie and then reflect my view towards this movie. In my reflection, I will examine the genres used, analyze some ideas that were presented in this movie and express the terend of masala movies in the 1970s. The film starts with Thakur Baldev Singh ordering to his fellow police officer to find two thieves Veru and Jai. When the fellow police officer questions the need for those two thieves, the movie presents to us a flashback of Thakur, when he was convoying those two detainees by a train, when bandits attack it. However, they fail to seize the train due to help Thakur receives from two thieves. After that they are found by Thakur and asked to capture Gabbar Singh, a local bandit, for a payment...
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...RLG204H5 S – Exam Review Week 3B: Denny CHAPTER 8 - Muslim creeds and theologies: Their purposes and varieties * Islamic Theology * Creed in Islam = Shahāda: simply proclaims the essential nature of God and the relation to him of his prophet, and thus implicitly all humans (if it is a creed, it is very laconic) * Kalām = theology in Islam = words, discussion, discourse * Ilm al-kalām = “science of discourse” or il al-tawhīd = “the science of (the divine) unity” * Theology only legitimate when subservient to the religious law, sharī’a * Fiqh = science of Muslim jurisprudence (‘Understanding’) is the chief Islamic science, in light of which all others are judged * Kalām is subordinate to fiqh * Majority of Muslims have given their allegiance in analysis and interpretation of doctrinal matters to the ‘ulamā’ = ‘the scholar jurists’ * THEOLOGICAL ISSUES * Khārijites = faction that seceded from Alī’s Shī’a * Had very high ideal of what Muslim community should be * Called themselves “the people of paradise” * Abandoned their leader Alī after his arbitration with Umayyad challenger, Mu’āwiya * Later also rejected the Umayyads * Now Khārijites = outlaw Muslims who zealously persisted trying to force their vision of Islam on their brothers * Strictest faction = Azraqites – Moderate faction = Najdite * Murji’ite = position that no human can discern whether sinners were...
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...lot of good trait that people look for in good leader such as motivator, responsible, assertive, self-confidence, firm and task orientate and most of all honesty. Leadership can be defined as a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Leadership is also a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. There are certain trait that a good leader must possessed such as excellent communication skills, be direct, be fair, capable and kind yet firm. Good leader also possess certain personal qualities. A good leader needs to have an exemplary character. A good leader should be enthusiastic about their work or cause and also about their role as leader. A good leader should be confident. A leader also needs to function in an orderly and purposeful manner in situations of uncertainty. Good leaders are tolerant of ambiguity and remain calm, composed and steadfast to the main purpose. A good leader always keeping the main goal in focus is able to think analytically. A good leader is committed to excellence ((White, n.d.). Leaders also exhibit certain type leadership behavior such as directive, supportive, participative, or charismatic. Malcolm X possesses most of these trait...
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...identity, fortify the borders of the religious community, and create viable alternatives to secular institutions and behaviors.” Put most directly in the context of modernity, Antoun (2001, p. 3) defines fundamentalism as a religiously based cognitive and affective orientation to the world characterized by protest against change and the ideological orientation of modernism. Each of these definitions supposes a transnational, transcultural character to fundamentalism. It can be defined apart from its specifically unique historical circumstances. Some scholars and some practitioners argue that the term only applies to theologically conservative U.S. Protestants. They make this argument because the term was first used to describe this movement (see the next section) and because it is meant to apply only to a subset of people within a religious tradition. Muslims, for example, often argue that they cannot be called fundamentalist simply because they take the teaching of the Qur’an and their faith seriously. For if that were the criteria, then all Muslims are fundamentalist. And if this were true, the term ceases to be of use. Serious critiques have been leveled at work that examines fundamentalism as a global phenomenon. Critics charge that such work often conflates conservative religious movements with postcolonial national religious movements. Others criticize what they view as the immensity of differences that have to be brushed aside to view, for example, U.S. Protestant fundamentalists...
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...Running head: GLOBAL BUSINESS CULTURAL ANALYSIS: TURKEY Abstract A global business cultural analysis is a tool used in order for one to become more familiar with a culture, more attune to the implications that the culture has on the business conducted by the people group of the culture, and more aware of the attitudinal and behavioral implications a member of a different culture should expect when working with members of the people group. In exploring the varying cultural elements, one examines the role and perception of women, the role and influence of religion, and the role and perspective of time. The cultural elements have an impact on business that should be considered by a U.S. American seeking to conduct business with members of this people group. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Turkey Primary sources serve to provide a foundation for definitions when pursuing a research project. They are also beneficial for defining terms and establishing reasons behind why one might pursue a particular research topic. When beginning a global business cultural analysis, it is important to understand what is meant by the term culture. Hofstede defines culture as “the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another” (Hofstede, 2001, p. 9). The people group focus for this study is the members of the Republic of Turkey. Though the culture in Turkey differs from that of other people groups around the world, this...
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