...Current Issue in Life-Span Development In the field of life-span development, current issues are plentiful. The development of homosexuality and the phase’s a person goes through to reach a place where they are comfortable with themselves is a journey in itself. It was in 1892 that the term homosexuality was first used. A homosexual (2011), according to Merriam Webster Online, “of or having sexual desire for those of the same sex.” In order to understand the development of identity of homosexuals, it is first important to be mindful of the framework of sexuality in general. The term homosexuality is used to depict the comprehension of sexuality however; in today’s society; the preferred verbiage to define individuals is being gay or lesbian. Homosexuality and Life-span Development Sullivan and Schneider (1987) argue that homosexual coming out in youth has to be seen from a non-derogatory developmental perspective. In an attempt to react to the unique pressures found in adolescents showing an increasing gay or lesbian identity, psychologists and counselors must become familiar with the distinctive development of gay and lesbian adolescents, in addition to the sexual identity development literature in general. Reviewing the developmental issues of gay and lesbian adolescents creates thoughts concerning developing services to assist them. Often times, adults are hesitant to pay attention to adolescent communications concerning sexuality. These feelings begin to arise during...
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...Social Identity Development: Jones, S. R. & McEwen, M. K. (2000). A conceptual model of multiple dimensions of identity. Journal of College Student Development, 41(4), 405-414. A diverse group of female students at a university was interviewed in examining multiple dimensions of identity to fill a gap in studying development which has only considered a single dimension of identity. The conceptual model proposed for complex identity differentiates the core representing the inner self, how an individual perceives themselves, with the outside identity that is defined by others. Each factual dimension surrounds the core as intersecting rings, asserting the importance of considering multiple dimensions mutually and holistically. The contextual influences are significant to continually relocate the dots on the rings, which...
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...Intersectionality, as I have discovered over these past few weeks, is something both complicated and obvious. The concept itself is easy to grasp, but difficult to describe outside of a situational context. For instance, the Intersectionality 101 article uses multiple visual aids such as images of a marbled cake, or intersecting freeways to show how multiple aspects interweave with one another, and affect one another, to create an ever-changing whole. Images of objective, and often physical, situations serve for an easier representation to grasp the concept. However, intersectionality is at its core an invisible and subjective to the individual or defined social group. For example, in our Kimberley Crenshaw article she discusses the “black feminist critique”. It breaks down the systematic and discriminatory aspects of what I know as “white feminism”. Essentially, a system within feminism that limits legitimized participation to those who fit the “feminist image” of a white, fragile, middle-class woman. Crenshaw focuses on the aspect of intersectionality for black women who face both racist and sexist discrimination, but are often excluded from anti-racist/anti-sexist legislation and dialogue. For example,...
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...Madeline Steffey Intersectionality with Kimberle Crenshaw and Gloria Anzaldua Intersectionality can be described as the study of the intersection of different forms of discrimination experienced by individuals who are members of multiple minority groups. For example, a Hispanic woman faces barriers in society not only because she is Hispanic, but also because she is a woman and one could not fully understand her oppression without taking both of these aspects into consideration. Kimberly Crenshaw and Gloria Anzaldua both provide accounts of intersectionality and utilize different approaches in their explanations. I will begin by analyzing their approaches separately, then I will explain how Crenshaw might object to Anzaldua’s account because it does not contain adequate factual evidence or realistic solutions. As a response from Anzaldua to Crenshaw’s objections, I will assert that Anzaldua effectively used personal and cultural experiences to reflect on intersectionality. Throughout her life, Anzaldua felt like she lived within borders. That in order to live and survive, she had to cross borders continuously. This is because multiple aspects of her life typically result in societal discrimination. She is unique in that she is a minority in several ways such as being a mix of Mexican and Anglo-Saxon, as well as being a lesbian. These aspects overlap and intertwine, which results in intersectionality. When crossing borders, one has to adapt to the different norms that are...
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...University Press of America. Johannes, C. K., & Erwin, P. G. (2004) Developing multicultural competence: perspectives on theory and practice. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 17, 329-338. Kierkegaard, S. (1843). Journalen JJ:167. Søren Kierkegaards Skrifter. Copenhagen, Søren Kierkegaard Research Center, 18, 306 Schreier, B. A., Lassiter, K. D. (2010). Competencies for working with sexual orientation and multiple cultural identities. Handbook of Multicultural Counseling Competencies, 1, 294-301. Vincenzo, T. (2014). Approaching worldviews in multicultural counselling: the possible worldview of Peirce and Bateson. University of Jyvaskyla. Retrieved from:http://www.academia.edu/9260052/Approaching_Worldviews_in_Multi cultural_Counselling_The_Possible_Worldview_of_Peirce_and_Bateson Wei, Z. & Saparudin, K. (2014). Singapore Infopedia: National Pledge. Retrieved from: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_84_2004-12-13.html Schreier, B. A., Lassiter, K. D. (2010). Competencies for working with sexual orientation and multiple cultural identities. Handbook of Multicultural Counseling Competencies, 1,...
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...coordination of four elements called the 4 P's of marketing: (1) identification, selection and development of a product, (2) determination of its price, (3) selection of a distribution channel to reach the customer's place, and (4) development and implementation of a promotional strategy. Engagement marketing Engagement marketing, sometimes called "experiential marketing," "event marketing," "on-ground marketing," "live marketing," or "participation marketing," is a marketing strategy that directly engages consumers and invites and encourages consumers to participate in the evolution of a brand. Rather than looking at consumers as passive receivers of messages, engagement marketers believe that consumers should be actively involved in the production and co-creation of marketing programs, developing a relationship with the brand. Consumer Engagement is when a brand and a consumer connect. According to Brad Nierenberg, experiential marketing is the live, one-on-one interactions that allow consumers to create connections with brands. Consumers will continue to seek and demand one-on-one, shareable interaction with a brand. Keith Ferrazzi wrote in 2009 that we were moving out of the Information Age and into what he termed the Relationship Age. "Emotion, empathy, and cooperation are critical to success," he wrote, "at a time when technology and human interaction are intersecting in new ways. Trust and conversation are crucial in this new economy." Ultimately, engagement marketing...
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...Introduction It was not until the 1960’s that the term of “gender” was widely used in the academic literature and public discussion to differentiate the gender identity and biological sex. By definition, the term “biological sex”represents the true meaning of an individual sex status. Gender, on the other hand, has multiple interpretations between men, women and what comes in beetween through social development and “nurture” of cultural adoption. Money and Erhardt (1972) suggest that biological gender is what a person perceives or assumes to expose and reveal that “he” or “she” has the sexual status of being male or female. Gender is more than that. It has more complexity that represents way of thinking, ideas, styles, patterns, habits, and many other aspects beyond biological sex status. One notion argues that gender in an essence is natural, stable and something given by God, which means that gender cannot be changed. Most scholars would perceive such theory as Gender Classification by Nature. Other argue that gender is a result of modification and influence of the shape of social institution that constructs and develops its profile on an individual. Thus, gender is based on social-view perception instead of being given and determined biologically. Gender also is recongnised as being derived from Nurture (Nurture Theory). This essays attempts to discuss the application of the above mentioned theories and ideas related to the writer’s social environment and cultural...
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...Hero of Alexandria and Diophantus continued the traditions of Egypt and Babylon, but Diophantus's book Arithmetica is on a much higher level and gives many surprising solutions to difficult indeterminate equations. This ancient knowledge of solutions of equations in turn found a home early in the Islamic world, where it was known as the "science of restoration and balancing." (The Arabic word for restoration, al-jabru,is the root of the word algebra.) In the 9th century, the Arab mathematician al-Khwarizmi wrote one of the first Arabic algebras, a systematic exposé of the basic theory of equations, with both examples and proofs. By the end of the 9th century, the Egyptian mathematician Abu Kamil had stated and proved the basic laws and identities of algebra and solved such complicated problems as finding x, y, and z such that x + y + z = 10, x2 + y2 = z2, and xz = y2. Ancient civilizations wrote out algebraic expressions using only occasional abbreviations, but by medieval times Islamic mathematicians were able to talk about arbitrarily high powers of the unknown x, and work out the basic algebra of polynomials (without yet using modern symbolism). This included the ability to multiply, divide, and find square roots of polynomials as well as a knowledge of the binomial theorem. The Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet Omar Khayyam showed how to express roots of cubic equations by line segments obtained by...
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...BP 2012 Issue 2/3 The 9/11 Decade Issue Comprehension Answers 1 How does the author illustrate the emergence of 'a generation with a fundamental commonality' (line 3)? Lifted: Suggested Response: transcending borders (½) with [1] He describes how the youth rise above physical boundaries and limitations (½) their unequivocal expression (½) of a to state in unison (½) their desire for connection. yearning/want for connectedness. 2 What is the author showing by using the phrase 'apparently intrinsic' to describe the importance of technology to this generation's youths (lines 11-12)? Lifted: [1] Suggested Response: shows how apparently (½) intrinsic He is implying that the youths consider (½) it has become to the youth technology to be clearly/obviously (½) and inextricably linked to / part of (½) their lives. 3 When the author writes that youths use technology in an 'utterly malleable and instinctive way', (line 16), what is he implying about the perception of older generations towards the use of technology? Use your own words as far as possible. Lifted: Suggested Response: Indeed, the youth today see technology as Play-Doh: something they use in an utterly (½) malleable (½) and instinctive (1) way. [3] By stating that youths today see technology as something which they can utilise in a completely/totally/ absolutely (½) adaptable/tractable (½) and natural/spontaneous (1) way, Older generations start with...
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...The Attitude of Youth Populations toward Globalization What exactly are the youth views on globalization? First let’s start by defining globalization. Globalization refers to increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political, and ecological spheres. Globalization is an umbrella term and is perhaps best understood as a unitary process inclusive of many subprocesses that are increasingly binding people and the biosphere more tightly into one global system (Wikipedia, 2007). Next let’s verify the term youth. Youth is "The time of life when one is young; especially: a: the period between childhood and maturity b: the early period of existence, growth, or development" (Wikipedia, 2007). “Globalizing issues have effects on four major areas of international relations theory and practice. First, the interconnectedness of the plethora of subissues within health, environmental, and human rights issues affect international bargaining” (Mingst, 2004). These issues are talked about daily in the news. Often times when health issues are brought up it is related to youth whether it is HIV, STD’s, or just simple obesity. Often times these issues when viewed at by youth are things that do not affect them in actuality it affect them more so than adults. “Second, these globalizing issues themselves may be the source of conflict” (Mingst). With this being said it is evident why the world goes through epidemics...
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...Criminal Justice Trends evaluation Marion Wade CJA/394 Criminal Justice Trends evaluation It is important for us to understand past, current, and future trends throughout the criminal justice system. Trends allow us to identify areas that need to be addressed so we may be equipped to handle them better. Society depends of the criminal justice system in many ways to offer them a sense of justice, safety, and peace of mind. Within this paper I will discuss past, current, and future trends and how it affects and changes our criminal justice system. I will also address recent and future trends and contemporary issues that affect the criminal justice system, as well as the values of the criminal justice system in a changing society. Past Trends Even though to most it may not seem like it, the criminal justice system has come a long way in its dealings with the public. In the past the criminal justice system was viewed as a faceless machine that acted independently of the areas it charged to look after. It seemed that it was better to stay detached from the public in order to remain biased in their judgment and to keep their professional appearance. By studying past trends we not only were able to see trends in criminal behavior as well as having the ability to try and create possible projections on why it could lead but, we were also able to view the interaction between the criminal justice system and those it served. Both the criminal justice system and the general public...
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...What is Algebra? Algebra is a branch of mathematics that uses mathematical statements to describe relationships between things that vary over time. These variables include things like the relationship between supply of an object and its price. When we use a mathematical statement to describe a relationship, we often use letters to represent the quantity that varies, sisnce it is not a fixed amount. These letters and symbols are referred to as variables. (See the Appendix One for a brief review of constants and variables.) The mathematical statements that describe relationships are expressed using algebraic terms, expressions, or equations (mathematical statements containing letters or symbols to represent numbers). Before we use algebra to find information about these kinds of relationships, it is important to first cover some basic terminology. In this unit we will first define terms, expressions, and equations. In the remaining units in this book we will review how to work with algebraic expressions, solve equations, and how to construct algebraic equations that describe a relationship. We will also introduce the notation used in algebra as we move through this unit. History of algebra The history of algebra began in ancient Egypt and Babylon, where people learned to solve linear (ax = b) and quadratic (ax2 + bx = c) equations, as well as indeterminate equations such as x2 + y2 = z2, whereby several unknowns are involved. The ancient Babylonians solved arbitrary quadratic...
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...THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION THEORIES: A Critique Paper Since the inception of communication as a discipline of knowledge, scholars have come up with many theories related to its components. In fact, the encyclopaedia of communication theories (Littlejohn, 2009) has identified more than 300 relevant theories, a testament that the field is already making a big wave in the academic arena. It has been a product of many minds converging into one vision – to enrich the communication field. However, it was not an easy road for these intellectual minds as they are confronted with issues that still need to be resolved. In this paper I will try to present first the rich beginning of communication theories and in light with this development context follows my presentation on the varied problems confronted the field of communication theories as well my personal views on the matter. Historical Beginning There are two insights into how communication theory came into being – the religious view and the philosophical aspect. Although most of communication theories book do not include the religious view, I find it necessary to take into account the dogmatic view to present the variations of its origin. The religious view is demonstrated in the Holy Bible especially in Genesis when God communicated with man and man had the ability to communicate with Him and with each other. It is no wonder then that other writers of Bible theorize about communication. Notably, the Old Testament portrays...
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...Ondaatje’s novel as a “mystery of identity” (449). Similarly, Aritha van Herk identifies “fear, unpredictability, secrecy, [and] loss” (44) as the central features of the novel and its female protagonist. Anil’s Ghost, van Herk argues, presents its readers with a “motiveless world” of terror in which “no identity is reliable, no theory waterproof” (45). Ondaatje’s novel tells the story of Anil Tessera, a Sri Lankan expatriate and forensic anthropologist working for a UN-affiliated human rights organization. Haunted by a strong sense of personal and cultural dislocation, Anil takes up an assignment in Sri Lanka, where she teams up with a local archeologist, Sarath Diyasena, to uncover evidence of the Sri Lankan government’s violations of human rights during the country’s period of acute civil war. Yet, by the end of the novel, Anil has lost the evidence that could have indicted the government and is forced to leave the country, carrying with her a feeling of guilt for her unwitting complicity in Sarath’s death. On one hand, Anil certainly embodies an ethical (albeit rather schematic) critique of the failure of global justice. On the other, her character stages diaspora, in Vijay Mishra terms, as the “normative” and “ exemplary … condition of late modernity” (“Diasporic” 441) — a condition usually associated with the figure of the nomad rather than the diasporic subject — and thus raises questions about the novel’s regulatory politics of diasporic identity. In contrast, Anita Rau Badani’s...
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...The Spectrum Brands Organize Using A Matrix Structure A matrix structure as a project management structure sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority. Also, matrix addresses issues that arise with the growth, diversification, productivity, and competitiveness in its structure. Matrix structures provide flexibility, enhanced cooperation, and creativity. They enable the company to respond quickly to changes in the environment by giving special attention to specific projects or problems. An approached to organization design in which employees report both to a functional or departmental supervisor and a project supervisor is a matrix design. When David Jones started his career in Rayovac in 1996, the company almost exclusively produced batteries. In his first year, Rayovac generated sales of about $400 million. Mr. Jones has changed the strategic direction of the company, introducing Matrix structures and he diversified the product lines and Rayovac is not competing in several different markets. Ultimately, Jones strategies have led to a name chang for the corporation. It is now known as the Spectrum Brands Corporation. The Spectrum Company not only produces batteries; but also many varieties like pet products, personal grooming, and lawn and garden care. Matrix structure has helps the company annual sales growth and diversified its production in to multi- items. The market becomes bigger in the world wide markets and...
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