...Introduction Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for 14 to 15% of its GDP The Indian retail market is estimated to be US$ 450 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value. India is one of the fastest growing retail markets in the world, with 1.2 billion people India's retailing industry is essentially owner manned small shops. In 2010, larger format convenience stores and supermarkets accounted for about 4% of the industry, and these were present only in large urban centers. India's retail and logistics industry employs about 40 million Indians. Until 2011, Indian central government denied foreign direct investment (FDI) in multibrand retail, forbidding foreign groups from any ownership in supermarkets, convenience stores or any retail outlets. Even single-brand retail was limited to 51% ownership and a bureaucratic process. In November 2011, India's central government announced retail reforms for both multi-brand stores and single-brand stores. These market reforms paved the way for retail innovation and competition with multi-brand retailers such as Walmart, Carrefour and Tesco, as well single brand majors such as IKEA, Nike, and Apple. The announcement sparked intense activism, both in opposition and in support of the reforms. In December 2011, under pressure from the opposition, Indian government placed the retail reforms on hold till it reaches a consensus. In January 2012, India approved...
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...MNC's Effect on Local Businesses in Retailing Sector (India) Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2 Effect of MNC’s into Indian Retail Market 5 Advantages 5 Disadvantages 7 Hypothesis 8 Conceptual Model 8 Conclusion 10 References 10 Abstract Globalization paved the way for entrepreneurs to expand their wings beyond their respective counties. MNCs exploit the business opportunities in other countries based on the FDI policies in those countries. This has both advantages and disadvantages to the target country. The MNCs have their impact on the economy and people of countries in which they operate business. This paper focuses on the impact of MNCs on local businesses in retail sector in India. The report review existing literature which provides insights into FDI policies in India, the level of FDI allowed by Indian government with respect to single –brand and multi-brand foreign companies, the advantages, opportunities, risks, threats and disadvantages of allowing MNCs into retailing sector in India. Introduction Retailing is the business taking up by individuals or families in India. Generally mom and pop kind of businesses operate in retail sector. The retail sector has tremendous growth in India. Moreover retailing is a profitable business in India. Since India is the country with huge population, naturally it is the correct destination to foreign investors to get profits from the market. India has been traditionally depending...
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...India is in the midst of a retail boom. The sector witnessed significant transformation in the past decade from small-unorganized family-owned retail formats to organized retailing. Indian business houses and manufacturers are setting up retail formats while real estate companies and venture capitalist are investing in retail infrastructure. Many international brands have entered the market. With the growth in organized retailing, unorganized retailers are fast changing their business models. However, retailing is one of the few sectors where foreign direct investment (FDI) is not allowed at present. FDI in retail industry means that foreign companies in certain categories can sell products through their own retail shop in the country. At present, foreign direct investment (FDI) in pure retailing is not permitted under Indian law. Government of India has allowed FDI in retail of specific brand of products. Following this, foreign companies in certain categories can sell products through their own retail shops in the country. Concerns regarding Allowing FDI in Retail Sector It would lead to unfair competition and ultimately result in large-scale exit of domestic retailers, especially the small family managed outlets, leading to large scale displacement of persons employed in the retail sector. Further, as the manufacturing sector has not been growing fast enough, the persons displaced from the retail sector would not be absorbed there. Another concern is that the Indian...
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...Contents Introduction 3 Literature review 4 Research methodology 9 Analysis 11 Case study: Tata’s Croma 16 Findings 20 FDI in Retail in India 21 Growth drivers in India for retail sector 22 Discussion 23 FDI in INDIA SECTOR WISE 23 Conclusion 25 Bibliography 27 Introduction Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is fund flow (inflow/outflow) between the countries wherein one gains benefit from their investment whereas another can exploit the opportunity to enhance the productivity and find out better position through performance. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the flow of funds between countries wherein one country reaps benefits from the investments and the other can make the most of the opportunity to improve the productivity and stabilize their position through performance. The Dictionary of Economics has defined FDI as investment in an overseas country through the acquisition of a company there of an operation on a new site. In other words, the capital inflows from abroad that is invested in to improve the production capability of the economy. Two forms of FDI: * Inward FDI * Outward FDI FDI is an important factor for growth and development in both developed and developing countries. FDI has seen a spectacular growth in the last two decades globally. Policies are formulated in order to accelerate inward flows. FDI provides good opportunities and benefits for both the host and home countries in terms of investments. The “home” countries benefit...
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...inviting because it is a developing site for global retailers and the profitability is declining in developed countries. Because of the indulgence of many small organizations, its existing retail system has been divided into various parts and this division is beneficial such as it is leading to lower prices of farmers and higher prices of the consumers. Furthermore, in order to maximize return on investment, the new rules of India for international trade are attractive for FDI across nations(Dey, 2007). 2. From a resource-based view, what are the unique resources and capabilities that multinational retailers such as Wal-Mart can bring to India? In India FDI on multi brand stores has been forbidden in 2011. But by considering today, multinational retailers can bring small trade stores, modern technology, new opportunities for labor, supermarkets of food service and global sourcing stores in order to enhance the size of economy. 3. From an institution-based view, why is the opening of this industry to FDI such a political issue? In India, a large of small organizations are working and surviving currently even with political issues and potential organizations who want to work there are losing in order to prevent them from influence of politics because they do not know what could be unfavorable for them. 4. ON ETHICS: If you were an elected government official in India, would you recommend the full-blown opening of the retail industry? Good economy can be achieved with...
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...http://realityviews.blogspot.in/2011/12/detailed-analysis-fdi-good-or-bad-for.html Detailed Analysis FDI Good or Bad for India Who will benefit in India if FDI is allowed in Multi Brand this is Kirana Business Few days back the Union Cabinet of India overcame years of indecision to allow up to 51% FDI in multi-brand retail. Government also increased the FDI limit in single-brand retail to 100% from 51% Government says it will benefit India. Traders fear the move. Opposition parties oppose the move as they know they will benefit if they support the traders. No one is touching the real issues and accepting the truth that today or tomorrow FDI, big global corporations will enter into India directly or indirectly. Today world is becoming a global village. Foreign Investment in India is governed by the FDI policy announced by the Government of India and the provision of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) 1999. The foreign investors are free to invest in India, except few sectors/activities, where prior approval from the RBI or Foreign Investment Promotion Board (‘FIPB’) is required. In franchising and commission agents’ services, FDI (unless otherwise prohibited) is allowed with the approval of the Reserve Bank of India under the Foreign Exchange Management Act. Examples of Such Business - Pizza Hut or Nike or Spencer 100% FDI is allowed in wholesale trading. Wholesalers do the business with the Retailers. Wholesalers never do business with Consumers...
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...1. Title of the paper “Impact of Multi Brand Foreign Direct Investment in Retail Sector in India (Before the approval)” 2. Author Name – Prof. Nikhil Polke 3. Theme – Retail 4. Institute Name & Address Tirpude Institute of Management Education 1, Balasaheb Tirpude Marg, Civil Lines, Sadar, NAGPUR – 440 001 5. Email – n.polke@tirpude.edu.in 6. Contact number - +91 99233 80707 Abstract India has been placed at first position in the category of countries with the best opportunity for investment in the Retail Sector by a survey of A.T. Kearney’s 2005 on Global Retail Development. The increasing disposable incomes among the Indian middle class and increasing young population have been cited as the main reasons for such attractive optimism. This positive opinion of the experts has also encouraged the intense lobbying by certain sections for opening Foreign Direct Investment in this sector. Foreign investors are also very enthusiastic to invest in India’s Retail Sector. At present India does not allow FDI in multi-brand retail but permits upto 51 percent in single brand retail and 100 percent in cash and carry wholesale trading. There is a ban on FDI in big multi-brand retail stores but there is no restriction on companies accessing the foreign equity market through the American and Global Depository Receipts. The Government of India opened up FDI in ‘Single Brand Retailing’ in the year 2006. This was done with a primary motive of giving a boost...
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...FDI IN RETAIL: BENEFICIAL OR DETRIMENTAL AND IT’S FUTURE AFFECT ON INDIAN ECONOMY BY HARJOT KAUR PARMAR (UGC NET, MBA, PGDM, BBA,) ABSTRACT FDI is a type of investment that involves the injection of foreign funds into an enterprise that operates in a different country of origin from the investor. Regardless of today’s crisis, India is considered as one of the most superlative place by foreign investors because of its increasing young population and rising disposable income among the middle class society, that is why large corporations like walmart are showing keen interest in initiating there retail operations in India. But mass round of discussions and debate has started after Government decision on 14 September 2012 allowing FDI in aviation up to 49%, in the broadcast sector up to 74%, in multi-brand retail up to 51% and in single-brand retail up to 100% with high level of disagreement and resistance from the opposition who believe that entry of Big Corporations in retail sector will badly effect the crores of retail shopkeepers and vendors resulting in depart of kirana stores, Whereas government is in favor and believe that it will generate large scale of employment, benefit both farmers as well as consumers and will help in reducing inflation. This research paper aim is to find why foreign investors are attracted towards India, find arguments in favor and against of FDI and what will be its effect on Indian economy in future, whether FDI will be favorable...
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...one has been published in South Asian Journal of Marketing and Management Research (SAARJ). He has also attended five seminars and one workshop. His area of interest is Finance and Marketing. Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2163952 Title of the page: Foreign Direct Investment in Retail India: Good or Bad? Abstract: Indian retail industry is a sunrise sector and many global players are willing to enter this. Indian retail industry is one of the pillars of the Indian Economy. Since 1991, when the policy of the liberalization was introduced by the Indian Government, FDI has been a highly controversial issue. From the last 3-4 years our Government is talking about the FDI in retail sector as there are some growth drivers for this sector. But, if the Government decides to open up the doors for FDI in this sector then some consequences will be there. No doubt that FDI plays a very important role in the development of any economy but this...
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...employment. The total retail spending is estimated to double in the next five years. Of this, organized retail –currently growing at a CAGR of 22%- is estimated to be 21% of total expenditure. The unorganized retail sector is expected to grow at about 10% per annum with sales expected to rise from $309 billion in 2006-07 to $496 billion in 2011-12. This paper focused on changing face of Retail Industry, organized or unorganized retail industry, major players in retail industry and also highlights the challenges faced by the industry in near future. www.indianresearchjournals.com KEYWORDS: Retail, Industry, Major Players. ______________________________________________________________________________ Indian Retail Industry India’s Retailing Boom has acquired further momentum,...
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...SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES Theme: - “Issues and Challenges in Retail Sector and Foreign Direct Investment India and across the World” FDI AND RETAIL TOGETHER: An Overview By Rakesh Soni (11bbl114@nirmauni.ac.in) PH. NO- 8690976530 Peeyush Purohit (11bbl091@nirmauni.ac.in) PH. NO- 7597907007 INSTITUTE OF LAW NIRMA UNIVERSITY AHMEDABAD INTRODUCTION INDIAN RETAIL MARKET Retailing can be defined as a business activity, which offers products or services in small quantities to ultimate consumers, at a place where consumers prefer to buy. India is one of the largest emerging markets, with a population of over one billion. India is one of the largest economies in the world in terms of purchasing power and has a strong middle class base of 300 million. Around 70 per cent of the total households in India (188 million) reside in the rural areas, where mostly traditional retail outlets, commonly called “kirana” stores exist. These are unorganized, operated by single person and runs on the basis of consumer familiarity with the owner. However, recently organized retailing has become more popular in big cities in India and most of the metropolitan cities and other big cities are flooded by modern organized retail stores. India’s growing retail boom is a success story. With strong fundamentals developing in the Indian economy in the liberalized environment since 1991 with changes in income levels, lifestyles, taste & habits...
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...end-user consumers directly and indirectly. A retailer is involved in the act of selling goods to the individual consumer at a margin of profit. Thus, retailing can be said to be the interface between the producer and the individual consumer buying for personal consumption. According to the Investment Commission of India, the retail sector is expected to grow almost three times its current levels of $250 billion to $660 billion by 2015. The Indian Retail Industry is the 5th largest retail destination and the second most attractive market for investment in the globe after Vietnam as reported by AT Kearney‘s seventh annual Globe Retail Development Index (GRDI), in 2008 Retail sector contributes to maximum percentage of employment after agriculture. In spite of the recent developments retail sector is assumed to possess huge growth potential. The retail industry is mainly divided into:- 1) Organised and 2) Unorganised Retailing Organised retailing- refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. In India 97% of the business is done by organized sector. Unorganised retailing - refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing, for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan/beedi shops, convenience...
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...sankar_4577@yahoo.com; sankarzee.c@gmail.com; Mobile No. (0)9566997631 Abstract FDI is a tool for economic growth through its strengthening of domestic capital, productivity and employment. FDI also plays a vital role in the up gradation of technology, skills and managerial capabilities in various sectors of the economy. The present paper attempts to analyze significance of the FDI Inflows in Indian retail sector since 1991 and relating the growth of retail sector FDI in generation of employment in terms of skilled and unskilled. Supporters of FDI in retail trade talk of how ultimately the consumer is benefited by both price reductions and improved selection, brought about by the technology and know-how of foreign players in the market. This in turn can lead to greater output and domestic consumption. Introduction The retail industry in India is of late often being hailed as one of the sunrise sectors in the economy. AT Kearney, the well-known international management consultancy, recently identified India as the ‘second most attractive retail destination’ globally from among thirty emergent markets. It has made India the cause of a good deal of excitement and the cynosure of many foreign eyes. With a contribution of 14% to the national GDP and employing 7% of the total workforce (only agriculture employs more) in the country, the retail industry is definitely one of the pillars of the Indian economy. Retailing is the interface between the producer and the individual consumer buying...
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...ESSAY on FDI in Retail Sector What is Retail sector? In 2004, The High Court of Delhi defined the term ‘retail’ as a sale for final consumption in contrast to a sale for further sale or processing (i.e. wholesale). The Retail Industry is the sector of economy which is consisted of individuals, stores, commercial complexes, agencies, companies, and organizations, etc., involved in the business of selling or merchandizing diverse finished products or goods to the end-user consumers directly and indirectly. A retailer is involved in the act of selling goods to the individual consumer at a margin of profit. Thus, retailing can be said to be the interface between the producer and the individual consumerbuying for personal consumption. According to the Investment Commission of India, the retail sector is expected to grow almost three times its current levels of $250 billion to $660 billion by 2015. The Indian Retail Industry is the 5th largest retail destination and the second most attractive market for investment in the globe after Vietnam as reported by AT Kearney‘s seventh annual Globe Retail Development Index (GRDI), in 2008 Retail sector contributes to maximum percentage of employment after agriculture. In spite of the recent developments retail sector is assumed to possess huge growth potential. The retail industry is mainly divided 1)Organised 2)UnorganisedRetailing Organised retailing- refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are...
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...which are rarely achieved in saturated and depressed Western markets. However, it is important that businesses consider carefully the different types of expansion models available to them and are prepared to take a flexible approach to their international expansion strategy, taking account of local legal restrictions and fast changing consumer habits and expectations. As this briefing note explains, the choice of a corporate expansion model or an arm's length expansion model such as franchising can have a direct impact on a business's ability to engage in e-commerce within the local market. India is a case in point, where, despite the recent growth in online sales, the Indian Government has reaffirmed its policy on e-commerce in the retail sector, which restricts foreign brands from participating in local e-commerce if they hold shares in the Indian operating company. The Need for a Consistent Approach to Multi-Channel Retailing Historically, the majority of brands expanding internationally have been preoccupied with the "bricks and mortar" channel of distribution, based upon an assumption that the target local market is less technologically mature. This may have been a fair assumption as recently as three to five years ago, and it is still holds true in an increasingly limited number of countries. However, improvements in access to debit/credit cards, digital infrastructure and the growth of technology enablers, such as tablets and smart phones, means that the buying habits...
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