...since the 1960s. Manufacturing as a share of real GDP has fallen from 30% in 1970 to 12% in 2010. This essay answer looks at the reasons why, and how significant government policies are as a cause. Manufacturing plays a crucial role in the competitiveness of the UK economy. Despite this, for far too long government policy has neglected manufacturing. During this period of neglect British manufacturing firms have repositioned themselves away from price-based competition more towards forms of non-price based competitiveness. The recent re-shoring of manufacturing to the UK is the start of a much needed trend. The University of Birmingham is funding a two year research project entitled ‘Regeneration Economies: Transforming People, Places and Production’. This project is exploring new policy solutions that will support British manufacturing. There is a need to develop a much better understanding of regional and national economies. High value manufacturing firms no longer sell products, but many solutions combine manufactured products with embedded services. Thus, a manufacturing policy must be simultaneously a service policy. There is a need to encourage universities and colleges to provide courses that blend technical training with an understanding of services, this is where the government comes in, by making these changes to education The Regeneration Economies project is also exploring major developments in engineering that have the potential to transform the economics of regional...
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...GLOBALIZATION: BOON OR BANE INTRODUCTION Globalisation can be defined as the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows through the rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. The fact that is important in today’s globalisation that really matters is that the accelerating speed is very fast. In the past it takes years or decades for influence to be passed for such an impact to be made. But today the influences or transmission of culture values, language, economy and administration can take place within months. This is the major difference. So globalisation is the transmission or extension of values, goods, services, thought or culture across border and it occurs with accelerated rate. The drivers for this accelerated speed are the technology and economic liberalism and the free movement of people. The nature of capitalism was such that entrepreneurial talent would not be constrained by geographical and legal boundaries. The growth of a dynamic trade system and the consequent development of classical payment arrangements like the gold standard have been seen by political economists as early yet decisive pointers towards the globalisation of the world economy. At the centre of this process is the idea of the Market and in particular the market for finance, capital, allied with the Multinational Corporation...
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...these external influences can help a business be able to manage and respond to them in an efficient manner by implementing various strategies. As such, this will contribute to the success of the business. Influences on operations management include: Globalisation, quality expectations, actions of competitors, technology, government policies, legal regulations and environment sustainability. One of the main influences on operations management is globalisation. Globalisation refers to the removal of trade barriers between nations, and is defined as the integration and interdependence of national economies forming a global economy. Integration means joining together through trade, deregulation and technology. The reasons for this are that businesses can drive costs down and exploit the competitive advantage each region has to offer. Apple recognised early advantages of globalisation and implemented various strategies to expand internationally resulting in the development of stores which operate in over 30 countries now. Additionally, globalisation has allowed Apple to globally source materials/inputs and achieve cost advantages by producing on a larger scale through economies of scale. By understanding the influence of globalisation, Apple...
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...People around the world are connected to each other than ever before. It is much easier for people to travel, communicate and do business internationally. This whole phenomenon has been called globalisation. Globalisation is the interaction between countries in order to develop the global economy. It has also been encouraged by trade liberalisation and financial market deregulation. It relates to the economy, politics, culture, society, and generally, with everything we deal with in our everyday lives. Spurred on in the past by merchants, explorers, colonialists and internationalists, globalisation has in times that are more recent been increasing rapidly due to improvements in communications, information and transport technology. There are two types of global integration and they are positive and negative integration. The positive integration deals with homogenising international economic laws and policies and the negative integration deals with eroding of trade or protective barriers such as tariffs and quotas. The economic aspect of globalisation deals with the “increasing occurrence, speed and intensity of production, trading and financial exchange between individuals and bodies across global distances” (Fabian Global Forum, no date: 14). Other economic aspects, which have surfaced over the last thirty years, are multinational companies; technological progress and new financial techniques; authority of umbrella organisations like the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the...
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...Globalisation and Rising Inequality in Australia Is Increasing Inequality Inevitable in Australia? Tom Conley Griffith University Introduction I want to dedicate my government to the maintenance of traditional Australian values. And they include those great values of mateship and egalitarianism.1 10 years ago a Mitsubishi type development would have flattened people psychologically. Now they take it in their stride … 2 Policy-makers and commentators have long been cajoling Australians into accepting that they are a part of the global economy, which means an acceptance of a whole range of ‘new realities’. One of the major themes of the pro-globalisation position is that Australia has accepted these new realities and adjusted well to globalisation by embracing economic liberalism. The results, it is argued, have been overwhelmingly beneficial. John Howard points out the Australian economy has grown for fourteen years straight – a remarkable achievement by any standards. This success story of growth has tended, however, to override more disaggregated, negative analyses of social outcomes in Australia. A less sanguine part of this new globalising ‘reality’ appears to be an acceptance of rising inequality. Indeed, it is often implied that rising inequality is a spur for growth. The argument is that everyone is better off, it’s just that some people are better off than others. While commentary is often not explicit about the association of globalisation and rising inequality...
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...writes on a government policy which incorporates the major concerns and issues that the women's movement has been engaged with over 25 years.THE National Policy for the Empowerment of Women 2001, is an attempt to institutionalise the gains of women's movements across the country. Taking the Constitution as its point of departure, the National Policy outlines the historical context within which it is located, which interestingly, is the historical context of the women's movement as well: the international conferences from Mexico (1975) through Nairobi (1985) to Beijing (1995) and the follow up on Beijing; the women's movement and the widespread network of non-government organisations with a mass base; the landmark "Status of Women" documents in the country - Towards Equality and Shramshakti. The objectives and goals of the National Policy include the creation of an enabling environment for women through economic and social policies, active protection of rights, equal access to decision making and social sector needs, strengthening institutional support systems and legal machinery, and forging partnerships within civil society. In short, the active and committed elimination of all forms of discrimination against all women. These objectives, the Policy affirms will be realised through a review and formulation of positive measures in the judicial legal system, decision making, through the economic and social empowerment of women. A cursory reading of the Policy gives the impression...
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...Global Policy and Strategy The impact of globalisation: A case study on Tesco Plc. Submitted by: Ferdous Ahmed AL Mamun B00676737 Abstract Globalisation has been removed geographical barriers among the countries and allow an unrestricted international trade. It refers to the integration of world economies, share of technology and knowledge, inflow and outflow of foreign capital. Reduction of tax and tariff, easy enter into the foreign market, easy transportation impacted large domestic company. Now they seek possible opportunity in the foreign market and no longer national but multinational. The intension of this paper is to explain the impact of globalisation on Multinational Corporation. This study selected a multinational company ‘’Tesco Plc.” From food retail industry. And study explores how globalisation impacted Tesco Plc. On their international market, global policy, market competition etc. Table of contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 4 2. Market Drivers………………………………… ………………………………………. 4 3. Competitive Drivers………………………………………………………… …………. 5 4. Cost Drivers…………………………………………………………………… ……… 6 5. Government Drivers…………………………………………………………… …… 7 6. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………… ……….. 8 7. References………………………………………………………………… …………. 9 1. Introduction Globalisation is not a new phenomenon, but it is process by which world is becoming interconnected. Globalisation has changing the world’s trade and production pattern, has...
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...2008 Economic Development through Globalisation in Nigeria An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Sven Bokhari 820619-P291 Fabrizio Del Duca 791225-P114 Group number: 1983 Summary Date: Level: Authors: 2008/06/03 Master thesis in International Business and Entrepreneurship, 10p (15ECTS) Sven Bokhari Västerås Date of birth: 19820619 Fabrizio Del Duca Västerås Date of birth: 19791225 Title: Economic Development through globalisation in Nigeria. An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Leif Linnskog, Ph.D. Tutor: Research Question: Can globalisation be seen as positive or negative for the Economic Development of Nigeria? A focus on Shell and the International Monetary Fund Research Issue: Globalisation in its current form is viewed in the Western world as a positive influence for the Economic Development of under developed countries. However these views on the benefits brought to developing countries have been frequently disputed. The research we are undertaking is a pilot study based on documentary research. Our source of information is secondary data such as books, articles, newspapers and journals. The study employs a qualitative approach. Even though globalisation is often viewed as positive we have discovered that this is not always the case in relation to its effects in Nigeria. Judging from our analysis, globalisation through the IMF and Shell has had an overall negative impact on Economic Development. However...
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...A. Introduction Globalisation is defined as a set of social processes that embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions – assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact – generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, and the exercise of power . When Stiglitz made reference to the enormous benefits that globalisation is supposed to bring, the starting point surely is the new international economic order assembled in Bretton Woods in 1947. There, the United States and Great Britain, the major economic powers of the global North, made a firm commitment to expand international trade and to establish binding rules on international economic activities....
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...Essay on impact of Globalisation: Has Globalisation brought about more benefits or ills to countries around the world? Explain your answer. I think Globalisation has brought about more ills than benefits, even through it has brought about many benefits to countries around the world. However, there are countries that have benefitted from Globalisation and we will examine this from the economic, social and environmental aspects. Firstly, the economic aspect of globalization has brought about an improved standard of living for many people. As countries participate in trade and open their doors to investments, more money is earned and thus this revenue is channeled to the development of facilities such as healthcare, education and infrastructure that benefit the people and thus increase their standard of living. Moreover, Singapore’s pro-Globalisation policy has lead to an increase in the average household income from $4940 in 2000 to $5400 in 2005, and this has allowed the people to improve their lifestyles. Furthermore, with free trade, there is a greater variety of goods available to the people and they benefit from the wide range of choices available. (+ ve) Globalisation also creates competition among countries in terms of investments and markets as they compete for Transnational Corporations (TNCs) to invest in their countries. This leads to countries developing themselves to be more attractive towards the investors and thus boost infrastructure and economic development...
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...In the context of IPE, what is globalisation? To what extent has the authority of nation states been eroded by globalisation? Discuss with reference to any OECD country. IPE and Globalisation In order to explain globalisation in the context of International Political Economy (IPE), I will begin by discussing the frameworks that IPE uses to describe the social constructs upon which human society is based. This discussion will then extend to issues pertinent to the essay question, including the concepts of globalisation, the nation state, authority and sovereignty, and the extent to which a nation state’s participation in a globally interdependent system influences that nation state’s authority. IPE connotes a multidisciplinary method of enquiry to explain the ever-changing relationships between states, markets and societies across history and in different geographical areas. IPE includes a political dimension that accounts for the use of power by a variety of actors including individuals, domestic groups, states, international organisations, NGO’s, and transnational corporations. IPE also involves an economic dimension that deals with how scarce resources are distributed among individuals, groups and nation-states. (Ballam and Dillman, 2011, p7) To place globalisation within the context of IPE, one must view the concept in terms of the causes and effects of the world market economy, the relationship between 2 economic and political change, and the significance...
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...analyze the influence of globalisation on that economic development and standard of living. This document is about how china has been transformed by globalization. The impact of globalization as well. Globalisation is breakdown of manmade and natural barriers. It encourages integration and interdependence through the movement of labour, investment, finance, transnational corporation and trade. The emergence of countries is leading to global market place or single world market. Globalisation is ongoing since 1980s.This is resulting in one global market. Globalisation helps firms grow as investments are quickly managed. This is due to improvement in telecommunication between nations. This has allowed investors to invest overseas. It also caused an increase in international investment, which helped spread new ideas. Financial flow is a flow of money around the world it is increasing rapidly because of financial deregulation. Finance and technology move freely between nations while free movement of labour is stretched way off. The last few decades have been centred on removal of all trade barriers. The goal is not free trade but it is freer trade. Through the reduction in barriers it is improved in transportation system. The integration between nations has caused to problems such the GFC, Asian crisis and Euro crisis. Over the past labour markets have been increasingly integrated. The free movement of labour is important part of globalisation, as it to build the interest...
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...Services and goods produced in a country will be available to sell in the other countries. We hear about globalization in the news every day, read about it in the news papers and hear people talking about it. Globalization is the interactively international and nearness of economies. The world is not a large and strange place anymore. We live in a place that is interconnected and intertwined. The world has become from a place that each country and their peoples are separate and isolated to a place that each country and their peoples are part of a global network. Thanks to globalization this is occurring. It is the process that has led to the diverse parts of the globe becoming much closer to each other (Slaughter and Swagel, 1997). Globalisation is the procedures by which the people around the world become connected to each other in all aspects of life, culturally, technically and politically, economically and environmentally. Globalization assists improving technology that benefits many people in throughout the world. By increased the spread of cultures, trade, information and creating options, Globalization can be highly beneficial to everyone by bestowing great fortunes on us. This essay will highlight some of positive and negative effects of globalization. Globalization is the ‘international integration” or ‘de-bordering’ – “a number of highly disparate observations whose regular common denominator is the determination of a profound transformation of the traditional...
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...matrix structure, especially if the firm is project based. 1.2.1 Discuss the complexity, volatility and uniqueness of an organisation's environment: • The organisation in its environment has to face a wide range of internal and external influences which affect business activity. • The immediate or operational environment interacts with suppliers, competitors, the labour market and financial institutions. • The general or contextual environment consists of economic, political, legal, and social factors. Each functional area of the organisation may be affected. • Whilst organisations have some control over their internal environment, the external environment is more volatile (e.g. technological change), and wide ranging and this makes decision making more difficult. • The uniqueness of organisations means that each one is affected to different degrees by external environmental factors. 1.2.2 Explain the influence of shareholders on the internal environment of an organisation: •...
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...ARTHUR LOK JACK GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES EXECUTIVE MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION GLOBAL MACROECONOMICS AND THE CARIBBEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT (BUAD 6085) INDIVIDUAL COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT CAN SMALL DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SURVIVE IN A GLOBALISED ENVIRONMENT? Submitted by: VITRA SINGH (UWI ID #: 91780646) Cohort 22 25 OCTOBER 2010 It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. - Kofi Annan INTRODUCTION I sit at a food court near a Manchu Wok take out in O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, waiting on a flight to Miami and a connection back home, to Trinidad. My Dell laptop is on the table in front of me and my Nokia phone is next to it. My roll-on hand luggage is at my feet, a SwissGear brand, bought in London with a tag on the side which reads ‘Made in China’. Across the table from me, sits a group of young American men on their way to Beijing. Announcements in the background call the departure of an Air France flight. A family walks by; a man, a woman and a girl of about six. The man calls out to the little girl and his accent confirms for me, his East Indian heritage. The girl’s attention is absorbed in a bright pink Nintendo DSi. Later at the gate, a seventy five year old woman from Nebraska, sits next to me and tells me that she is on her way for an ‘overseas adventure’ in South America. She has always wanted to do this, she says, handing...
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