...Dramaturgy Everyday we play different roles in society. There are different sides that we show to each individual we encounter based on what their roles are in our lives. In this paper, I will discuss the sociological perspective known as dramaturgy. I will describe my front and back stages. My use of impression management will be discussed as well as why we use this form of management. Being social beings on the stage of life, we must play our parts accordingly. Dramaturgy is one social perspective that revolves around role playing. This theory says that we are like actors on a stage and we take on many roles when we interact with others. We constantly change our role (character) when we meet new people. There are two stages associated with dramaturgy and they are the front and back stages. The front stage is the stage where actions are visible to the audience and are part of the performance. Everyday my life is filled with front stages. My office where I work as a Correctional Records Technician serves as one of my front stages. It is there where I assist a multitude of public citizens on a daily basis. My home is another front stage. This is where I take on the role of head of household. The back stage is where performers are present but audience is not, and the performers can step out of character without fear of disrupting the performance. When I get into my car and turn the radio on and hear a song with a nice beat, I start singing and moving to the beat. My car serves...
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...IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT In social psychology, impression management is a goal-directed conscious or unconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event they do so by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. It is usually used synonymously with self-presentation, in which a person tries to influence the perception of their image. The notion of impression management also refers to practices in professional communication and public relations, where the term is used to describe the process of formation of a company's or organization's public image. SELF PRESENTATION: While impression management and self-presentation or giving Face are often used interchangeably, some authors have argued that they are not the same. In particular, Schlenker (1980) believed that self-presentation should be used to describe attempts to control ‘self-relevant’ images projected in “real or imagined social interactions’. This is because people may manage impressions of entities other than themselves such as businesses, cities and other individuals. MOTIVES AND STRATEGIES: People adopt many different impression management strategies. One of them is ingratiation, where we use flattery or praise to increase our social attractiveness by highlighting our better characteristics so that others will like us. Another strategy is intimidation, which is aggressively showing anger to get...
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...own professional image before others do it for you. An interview with Professor Laura Morgan Roberts:- As HBS professor Laura Morgan Roberts sees it, if you aren't managing your own professional image, others are. "People are constantly observing your behavior and forming theories about your competence, character, and commitment, which are rapidly disseminated throughout your workplace," she says. "It is only wise to add your voice in framing others' theories about who you are and what you can accomplish." There are plenty of books telling you how to "dress for success" and control your body language. But keeping on top of your personal traits is only part of the story of managing your professional image, says Roberts. You also belong to a social identity group—African American male, working mother—that brings its own stereotyping from the people you work with, especially in today's diverse workplaces. You can put on a suit and cut your hair to improve your appearance, but how do you manage something like skin color? Roberts will present her research, called "Changing Faces: Professional Image Construction in Diverse Organizational Settings," in the October issue of the Academy of Management Review. She discusses her research in this interview. Mallory Stark: What is a professional image? Laura Morgan Roberts: Your professional image is the set of qualities and characteristics that represent perceptions of your competence and character as judged by your key...
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...CONFIDENTIAL BM/APR 2011/MGT534/532/531 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR / ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR MGT534/532/531 APRIL 2011 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts : PART A (4 Questions) PART B (5 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and any three (3) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty 3. 4. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL PART A CASE STUDY 2 BM/APR 2011/MGT534/532/531 You are in charge of a small department and have three subordinates - Mudzfir, Ammar and Amzar. The key to the success of your department is to keep these employees as motivated as possible. Here is a brief summary profile of these subordinates. Mudzfir is the type of employee who is hard to figure out. His absenteeism record is much higher than average. He greatly enjoys his family and thinks they should be central to his life. The best way to describe Mudzfir is to say that he is a kind of a character who believes deeply in the family values...
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...political climate of an organisation through their decisions, their way of handling conflict and providing recognition, support and inspiration to their teams. Negative organisational politics may be very destructive for an organisation. This has been identified as one of the major sources of stress within modern businesses. Negative politics includes the use of subversive methods to promote a personal agenda which may undermine organisational objectives, distract energy away from organisational goals and compromise the interests, cooperation and fulfilment of other employees. Such tactics may include filtering or distortion of information, non-cooperation, allocating blame, reprisals, dishonesty, obstructionism and threats. Impression management is another aspect of organisational politics that it is important to maintain an awareness of. The term refers...
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...individuals the ability to be free from prejudice and biased. b. Motives: It occurs when an individual is inability to accept the truth about self or fail to be dispassionate during self-assessment. The cause of this problem is that individuals are guided by several important motives that push them in one direction or another and the psychological safety prevents leaders to accept objective feedback (Sedikides and Strube 1997). c. Self-Presentation: Self Presentation is the ability to affect public perceptions and persuade followers to believe we are who we show to the outsiders. Leaders often do that to maintain the initiate impression in others’ perception. However, self presentation will lead to misguiding others to believe in some characteristics that the leader is actually not (Sharp and Getz 1996). Those who present false impression about self to others end up creating a fake identity, leading to high degree of distortion (Showry 2014). d. Core Self-Evaluation: CSE is the...
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...Beauty, power, wealth, status …. the world around us is continuously evolving through technology and we are expected to keep up with various trends. Phone companies are constantly updating models of the same product to entice buyers, news agencies are constantly trying to out-do each other for ratings on trending topics. The pressure to remain relevant is high and it’s no wonder it trickles down to our personal and professional lives. Making the right impression on people around us has never been more important than now. A popular example of the worst impression management mistake is the case of Justine Sacco, a former PR executive whose irreverent use of social media ruined her professional image in a matter of seconds. (Brian Stelter, CNN). What I find disappointing about Sacco is a consistent pattern of racial and offensive tweets that portray her as a disturbed personality. Not only did she reveal her lack of knowledge about the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa, she prompted bigger debate on the stigmatization haunting the continent and making it harder to fight the disease. As a Public Relations expert from South Africa, it was rather ironic that Justine Sacco held such opinions. However, social media can be addictive if we let it get out of control. Despite the fact that Justine Sacco’s account was personal, it’s important to note that she was the face and voice of the organization she worked for. Her job was to decide how the company communicates its message to the world...
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...Precious used a self-presentation form of impression management in order to get other to react to her in a positive light. At home, Precious was used by her mother and her father. She had no control or power over them and the things they did to her. At school Precious had the freedom to be someone else. She had the power to not say or do anything, and she had the power to stick up for herself and for others. At her first school she got up from her desk and smacked a boy for being disrespectful when the teacher was talking. She did the same things at her new school when a girl called her fat. I personally feel that this was a way for Precious to feel in control and to stand up for herself and for others and to show people she wasn’t someone to be messed with. While this may seem negative, I think that it was done as a positively in the eyes of Precious because for her, power was something that she didn’t have over herself, but it was something she needed and wanted. Precious also told her classmates that she had a boyfriend in order to explain why she had a child and why she was currently pregnant. This shielded the reality that she was being raped and abused at home. It showed to her classmates that she had things in control as much as she could for being 16 and pregnant. Both of these things were said and done in order to show to others that she was okay, when deep down she was hurting and...
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...six of the Canary text is all about presenting the self, something that was very relevant to me last week. Last week was the first week of school and it is important for me to make a good impression on my peers and professors. I was all about engaging in impression management last week and to be honest, I still am this week. Impression management is when an individual is consciously trying to control how others perceive them. I spent more time than usual in the mirror before class last week, trying to decide what to wear and making sure I look nice for class. Normally, I do not care what I look like, but since it’s the first week of school I want people to think that I do not dress like a slob and have some sort of style. Along with taking forever to decide what I wore, I took forever doing my hair. I used a few products in order for my hair to look nice so that once again people would think that I am very dapper. Even during class I was trying to manage other people’s impression of me. I would think for a while on what to say when we had to introduce ourselves to our peers and teachers. I kept repeating what I was going to say in my head and made sure that I added some humor to it so that people would think that I am a funny person. I’m not embarrassed or ashamed that impression management is something that I practice because everyone does it whether they admit it or not. As I was reading the text and came across the self-presentation strategies and I immediately began to...
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...of First Impressions Name Institution Psychology of First Impressions Introduction In life, human beings get to play different roles and to be different things to a variety of people. The identities that individuals claim as well as the roles people assume in the interpersonal, social, and organizational settings are not often complicated, and everyone can be considered as actors demonstrating different characters in our quest to please other. As people experience differing social scenarios, many tend to alter or modify their behaviors to be perceived well by other. Such action is termed as Impression Management (IM). Hence, the manner in which individuals perceive others is of importance in social settings and interpersonal relations and thus tends to affect human lives. As individuals experience diverse social situations from the moment they step out of the house until the evening, people often carry themselves in a way that ensures others perceive them positively. Individuals draw trait assumptions from the appearance of subjects including facial appearance and body posture among others. A short time of contact and exposure correlates with the judgment made by others, demonstrating that exposure time is sufficient for individuals to form an impression. This paper discusses the concept of first impression and how they are perceived and incorporates tactics such as IM (Impression Management), self-presentation...
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...1. Introduction This report will identify a crisis facing BP company, the Gulf of Mexico spill, and investigate how the organization response to the society. In this report, it will use Legitimacy theory to explain BP’s response to this event. Legitimacy theory can be treated as a explanation for voluntary corporate disclosures in annual report. As (Dowling&Pfeffer, 1975) says a corporation must act in congruence with norms and society value. First of all, Legitimacy theory is based on the concept of substantive rationality and replies upon the notion of a social contract. This theory asserts that organizations seek to ensure that they operate within the bounds and norms of their respective societies (Ramon Mullerat, 2010) .It aims to conform to norms and value of society. As a company, it always use annual report to legitimize the ongoing operation, however, in common situations, it often discloses good news, but its actual behaviors decline which is called legitimacy gap. 2. The case 2.1 Context In April 20, 2010, a semi-submersible drilling platform belongs to BP occurred explosion in American Mexico gulf. It caused 11people die and 17 people injured after 36 hours (CBC News, 2010). BP Company announced that it wills to response for this event. The Gulf of Mexico spill has become the worst environmental crisis in America. Except the direct cost, it will also attack people’s life, such as air and water safe. At the same time, it is a huge disaster for seaside...
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...to our deepest values. We have an independent will that does not allow genetic influences or the environment to dictate our actions. We have an infinite creative imagination that allows us to create beyond our reality but perhaps the most uniquely human endowment we all possess is self-awareness. Self-awareness is the recognition of how we feel and how we behave. It also allows us to examine why we exist and ultimately, that we are going to die. While self-preservation is a characteristic to both humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for “terror management” is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provokes belief in mystical transcendence, TMT can provide explanations for a variety of human behaviors and relate them to the basic reason of why humans protect themselves from mortality awareness (Magdalena Smieja et al., 2006). The actuality that we are all going to die, one of the only certainties in life, is an on-going source of existential anguish for humans. This anguish stems from our desire to preserve life and the awareness of this impossibility. Since we cannot resolve this paradox, we use culture...
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...Perception & Impression Management Perception: Meaning and Definition Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge and experience. Perception includes all those processes by which an individual receives information about the environment-seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling. The study of these perceptual processes shows that their functioning is affected by three classes of variables : the object or event is being perceived, the environment in which the perception occurs, and the individual doing the perceiving. Perception and Behaviour at Work Perception is a complex cognitive process which in sum, is a unique interpretation of a situation not an exact recording of it. It may reveal a picture of the world which is different from reality. Recognition of difference between the perceptual world and the real world is vital to the study of Behaviour at Work. Specific Applications of Perceptions in Organization: * In an interview-selection of the candidate, * Hiring of new employees to the Organization * To note down the realistic job expectations. * Performance Appraisal of the employee * Assessing the employee loyal to the Organization made by the Managers * Creating Favourable impressions about the Organization, employee as well...
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...Perception & Impression Management Perception: Meaning and Definition Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge and experience. Perception includes all those processes by which an individual receives information about the environment-seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling. The study of these perceptual processes shows that their functioning is affected by three classes of variables : the object or event is being perceived, the environment in which the perception occurs, and the individual doing the perceiving. Perception and Behaviour at Work Perception is a complex cognitive process which in sum, is a unique interpretation of a situation not an exact recording of it. It may reveal a picture of the world which is different from reality. Recognition of difference between the perceptual world and the real world is vital to the study of Behaviour at Work. Specific Applications of Perceptions in Organization: * In an interview-selection of the candidate, * Hiring of new employees to the Organization * To note down the realistic job expectations. * Performance Appraisal of the employee * Assessing the employee loyal to the Organization made by the Managers * Creating Favourable impressions about the Organization, employee as well...
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...look at various theories in order to answer the question about the role of money as a motivator in the workplace. “Where there is little pleasure in the work itself…many people may appear to be motivated primarily, if not exclusively, by money” (Mullins, 2007). Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation (1964) develops an idea that the amount of effort and level of performance directly depends on the value of the reward at the end and the overall probability of achieving it and thus, motivates employees (Mullins, 2007). The motivational force is presented as follows: ------------------------------------------------- MOTIVATIONAL FORCE = (EXPECTANCY ×INSTRUMENTALITY) × VALENCE ------------------------------------------------- Source: Hitt, Miller, Colella (2006) A combination of factors such as the sense of manageable, attractive outcomes/rewards (valence) and the overall probability of getting the reward (expectancy), leads to motivation with the help of hard work and effort. Hitt, Miller and Colella (2006) claim that the given theory has got some implications for managers who try to increase motivation in the workplace, with one of the things that could be done is providing highly valued, attractive rewards for workers. This theory suggests that achieving rewards can lead to satisfaction, meaning that money can be seen as a vital factor in motivating employees at work. Unlike Vroom, there are other theorists such as Herzberg, who has created a theory which controverts...
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