...The Group and Organizational Dynamics class helps a person step back and look at themselves and others. It allows a person to look at different task functions, group versus individual decision-making, motivational patterns and conflict. It helps a person step back and observe the content of certain situations and then attempt to see how the process of the content unfolds. When working with a group, a person is going to have to deal with conflict and how to use task functions to process that conflict within that group. As a leader or individual, you will have to insert different aspects of motivation to lead and maintain a group. This reflects what type of a leader that individual wants to be or how that individual can adapt to the group. This includes adapting to new additions within the class and understanding our own personal work dynamics. Group vs. Individual Decision Making When trying to get a task completed there are positive and negatives when deciding to do a task as a group or as an individual. In a group, there is more than one person that works together to complete a task. A group will have different opinions and personalities that will form different decisions to complete the task. There are benefits to working as a group because everyone in the group and not just one individual makes the final decisions. A group must have a leader. If there is not a leader, there is no clear direction and the task will take longer to complete. As an individual, the individual...
Words: 1564 - Pages: 7
...The word culture itself comes from the Latin term pronounce as cultura, which is related to cult or worship. In general, the term refers to the feedback of human interaction. Culture is knowledge that acquired that people use to interpret experience and generate social behaviour. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behaviour. Somehow, culture also has the characteristics of being learned, shared, trans-generational, symbolic, patterned, and adaptive. There are also many dimensions of cultural diversity, which is focus on centralized vs. decentralized decision making, safety vs. risk, individual vs. group rewards, informal vs. formal procedures, high vs. low organizational loyalty, cooperation vs. competition, short-term vs. long-term horizons, and stability vs. innovation area in this assignment. This assignment will focus on central and decentralized decision making, individual and group reward, high and low organizational loyalty as well as cooperation and competition in US, German and Japan. Start with Unites State culture. US is a well develop country that merely focus on effective and efficient strategy in their business. They have developed a culture that high in confidence and respect....
Words: 2242 - Pages: 9
...Trompenaars & Hampden-‐Turner – Cultural Dimensions Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-‐Turner have developed a model of culture with seven dimensions. There are five orientations covering the ways in which human beings deal with each other.: 1. Universalism vs. particularism (What is more important, rules or relationships?) Universalism vs. particularism describes how people judge other people’s behavior. The Universalist attaches great importance to the observance of rules. The behavior tends to be abstract. In universalism, rule-‐based, societies there are certain absolutes that apply across the board. They apply regardless of circumstances or particular situations. What is right is always right in every situation and for everybody. A Universalist tries to apply the same rules in all situations. To remain fair a universalist will not make differences between people from the narrow environment, such as family, friends...
Words: 1948 - Pages: 8
...Culture 1. Introduction to Culture 2. How culture affects managerial approaches 3. Trompenaar’s Cultural Dimensions 4. Geert Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions 5. Cultural challenges when entering a new market 6. Pros and Cons of entering a new market with an adapted/standardized product 7. Characteristics of culture 8. Conclusion 9. Values in Culture 10. Value Similarities and Differences across cultures Introduction to Culture There is no doubt that the international marketing process do face a large set of variables as it take place over different countries and it does act in different environments. One of the most determinant environments to the success of the international marketing process is Culture, which hold the reason for many human acts and behavior. Reaching to that point international marketer should study deeply culture treaties of a country the company is planning to act in. so that special amendments in the organization overall plans and actions is made to act in accordance with the new market variables The role of culture in international business and marketing Culture is a distinctive element of international marketing. While factors besides culture are present, culture could be a key determinant of most overseas relationships. Researchers agree that exchange processes within business networks can only be understood by conducting studies in different countries and cultures. For example, studies...
Words: 3276 - Pages: 14
...Welcome to… π ∑θ Business statistics (MA-205) 1 Business Statistics π ∑θ Why study Business Statistics? • To become a better consumer of other people’s data • To facilitate communication • To improve computer skills • To overcome either too little or too much information • To develop technical literacy • To improve career mobility 2 Business Statistics π ∑θ Lecturer: Business Statistics Ammara 3 Business Statistics π ∑θ Lecture Overheads and Textbook Lecture overheads: posted on the Business Statistics Group Group name: business_statistics_bba Group home page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/business_statistics_bba Group email: business_statistics_bba@yahoogroups.com before the week in which lectures are given. Textbook: Richard I. Lavin and David S. Rubin, “Statistics for Management”, Prentice Hall, New York,7th edition(2000) 4 Business Statistics π ∑θ • • • • Assessment Final Examination: Midterm Examination: Quizzes/Homework/Term Project: Total: 45% 35% 20% 100% 5 Business Statistics Regular work and study is the key to success π ∑θ • It can never be emphasised strongly enough how true this is for Business Statistics • This course rewards those students who put constant effort into it over the semester 6 Business Statistics π ∑θ How to do well in the class Statistics is a problem-solving subject. Practice in problem solving, and completing and understanding the assigned reading and...
Words: 865 - Pages: 4
...by the term culture? In what way can measuring attitudes about the following help to differentiate between cultures: centralized or decentralized decision making, safety or risk, individual or group rewards, high or low organizational loyalty, cooperation or competition? Use these attitudes to compare the United States, Germany, and Japan. Based on your comparisons, what conclusions can you draw regarding the impact of culture on behavior? Ans:- culture is defined as the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization. Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior (Hodges, 2005). Centralized versus decentralized cultures are different in which the top managers or leaders make all the important decisions in a centralized culture and in a decentralized culture, the decisions are made throughout the levels. Safety and risk in some cultures are frowned upon because the results are unpredictable yet other cultures are “riskier” and encourage risk taking on all levels. The same can be said about individual versus group rewards. Some societies or organizations reward individually and other only based on the group effort. High or low organizational loyalty in cultures are different in which the high loyalty in an organization is where the person identifies himself...
Words: 3304 - Pages: 14
...Introduction "Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins championships." -Michael Jordan When talking about accomplishing success in any type of organization, we must mind the essential role of team working. A team that provides high performance is one of the most important assets for a company. But even if an organization has the best talents in its field, it is not enough unless their aptitudes are incorporated into collectively performing unit. Turning an average performing into high performing team can be done by utilizing the strengths of each team member and the cultural diversity of the entire group. In the contemporary world we live, it is very common to work in multicultural teams. These teams are perceived as highly potential based on the perception that the greater the diversity, the greater the creativity and productivity of a team is. Yet, there are certain challenges that international teams encounter and that is why it is of great importance to be aware of the cultural diversity around the globe. Despite of how influential is our own culture on our beliefs and behaviours we must be aware that we are not coming from the one and only “valuable” culture in the world. People often tend to believe that their own values and beliefs are the only “right” ones as they are embedded in their particular cultures. We must be aware that each of us, each singular culture might shine in a different way, but that does not mean someone...
Words: 2059 - Pages: 9
...the pressure for convergence or integration may in fact create an equal, if not stronger pressure for divergence or fragmentation. o E.g. protests against learning English as second language in Switzerland, different neighborhoods in NYC (Chinatown, Little Italy etc.). o Executives across Europe are reading many of the same publications, but still more often they read national magazines and newspapers. Management is management • Management is management, consisting of a set of principles and techniques that can be universally applied. • However, different practices (such as management) are shaped by its cultural origins, and so is management. • Also, different notions of organizations (relationships vs. tasks) and different HRM practices based on motivations of employees (intrinsic vs. extrinsic). • Good management is culturally sensitive management: best fit between people’s motivation and tasks. • Sensitivity towards invasion of foreign companies and their business ideologies and practices. 2. Despite technological & economic forces for integration/convergence, there are equal or greater forces for fragmentation, one of them being culture. Culture as a source of competitive advantage/disadvantage • Culture can provide source of competitive advantage (Michael Porter): availability of resources, size and sophistication of the market, nature of government intervention and type of strategic linkages/networks. Culture & institutional...
Words: 6347 - Pages: 26
...companies today. (Caldwell, 2012) Polarities are ongoing issues with no final resolution and therefore must be managed regularly. Studies have shown companies with successful polarity management strategies maintain a stronger bottom line. (Johnson, PG 5). The Polarity Map In today’s business environment an ongoing polarity stems from the push toward a team environment. The marketplace stimulation has surfaced the polarity of Individual vs. Team in a hands on manor to help educate us on polarity management. Below is a polarity map that shows the strengths and weaknesses of Pegas They dynamic of the polarity for individual vs. team is one many companies face every day. In many cases a team environment can help produce better results. Teams have the ability to utilize the strengths of each individual member in order to develop the best possible strategy. The Pegasus team has had the fortunate strength of having 1 team member from the background of each of the areas of importance. By dividing up the responsibilities and giving feedback on decisions we each are able to learn from one another while offering insight into our area of specialty. On the other hand working on the simulation individually provides the experience of studying areas you may not otherwise have the experience doing. Additionally with the time constraints most business professionals have these days working individually...
Words: 799 - Pages: 4
...Bartlett and Beirne Lay Jr. about the 918th Heavy Bombardment Group of the U.S Army Air Forces (USAAF) during World War II. The movie transitions from present to past as Harvey Stovall recalls his days with the Bomb group at a (fictional) USAAF airbase in Archbury. From there on a series of main plot characters are introduced by the movie, Major Harvey Stovall (later on as Lieutenant Colonel) as the Group Adjutant, Colonel Keith Davenport as Bomb Group Commander who is later relieved of his command by Major General Patrick Pritchard (Millard Mitchell), Commanding General of VIII Bomber Command, Eight Air Force. Pritchard places Brigadier General Frank Savage in command of the Bomb group composed of men such as Lieutenant Colonel Ben Gately who is replaced by Major Cobb as Group Air Executive, Major “Doc” Kaiser (Flight Surgeon), Lieutenant Bishop (Medal of Honor Nominee) and Sergeant McIllhenny. The 918th Heavy Bombardment Group is composed of B-17 planes that conduct day precision bombings near Germany. Heavy losses and the inability of the Group Air Commander, Colonel Davenport, to inspire his men due to the “over-identification with his men” as deduced by General Savage, led to the group's loss of morale, discipline, courage and purpose. The movie progresses as the “Hard Luck” group performs various bombing missions under General Savage while transforming its members into an organized and disciplined group. Near the end of the movie, General Savage is also transformed...
Words: 2257 - Pages: 10
...Ethical Decision Making: Right vs. Right By Mary Hunter on February 7, 2012 in Teaching People I mentioned in my back to school post a couple of weeks ago that I am taking an ethics class this semester. This class is one of the required classes for my behavior analysis master’s program. The class has been pretty interesting so far and each class has been filled with plenty of good discussions and debate. Recently we read a book chapter by Rushworth Kidder called “The Ethics of Right versus Right.” (If you’re interested, the full chapter is actually available for free from the Institute for Global Ethics, although you do have to sign up to get access to it.) Tough choices and ethical dilemmas are often very hard to make. What makes these decisions hard, according to Kidder, is that they are often choices of “right” vs. “right.” Both possibilities have value and merit, yet one must be picked over the other. (Now, this doesn’t mean that there aren’t still right vs. wrong choices. These just aren’t ethical decisions.) The most interesting part of this chapter was that Kidder names four basic paradigms that encompass most of these ethical dilemmas, the right vs. right choices. Ethical choices often involve decisions between: Individual versus community Truth versus loyalty Short term versus long term Justice versus mercy These four basic paradigms can be useful for analyzing ethical choices and realizing what has created the conflict. If you have...
Words: 602 - Pages: 3
...+ Individual Characteristics and Differences Class 2 The Individual and Group Dynamics + Overview of Individual Characteristics and Differences n Personality Dimensions n The “Big 5” Dimensions n Narcissism n Linguistic Style and Gender Rapport vs. Status in social dynamics n Conversational rituals n Negotiating Authority n + Personality Dimensions n Take short online test: http://psychcentral.com/quizzes/personality.htm + Personality Dimensions – Clicker Poll n A. Openness to experience n B. Conscientiousness n C. Extroversion n D. Agreeableness n E. Emotional Stability + Personality Differences n The “Big 5” Personality Dimensions n Openness to experience – (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious). Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. Openness reflects the degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity and a preference for novelty and variety. Some disagreement remains about how to interpret the openness factor, which is sometimes called "intellect" rather than openness to experience. n Conscientiousness – (efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless). A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous behavior; organized, and dependable. n Extroversion – (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved). Energy...
Words: 1222 - Pages: 5
...[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] INTRODUCTION Leadership is defined as the process of influencing an organized group towards accomplishing its goals.[1] We have learned that the leader is not exclusive in the leadership process. Researchers Fred Fiedler and Hollander recognized this and introduced the importance of the follower and the situation in the leadership process. Richard Branson is considered one of the most unorthodox business men of the 21st century. At the helm at the mega firm Virgin Group Ltd, Branson has defied conventional management and leadership wisdom. Through all his accomplishments, Branson’s amazing leadership skills cannot be mentioned in a vacuum. There is an interactional relationship between a leader, his or her followers and the situations in which they interact. This paper will analyze Branson as a leader. However, because his leadership success is not mutually exclusive, his followers and the important situations that define his career will be addressed. AN OVERVIEW OF BRANSON AND THE VIRGIN GROUP Biography Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is the son of a lawyer named Edward Branson and an airline stewardess named Eve Huntley-Flindt; born on July 18, 1950 in Surrey, England. At an early age he strived for more and this was due to “his parent’s upbringing, which taught him to stand on his own two feet”. His parents took extreme measures to encourage their children’s independence. At four years old Richard’s mother pushed him out...
Words: 5000 - Pages: 20
...The NAACP is an interest group that focuses on ensuring a society in which all individuals have equal rights without discrimination based on race (NAACP.org). The NAACP examines government policies and public agenda that may cause hindrance to the advancement of African Americans. In 1896, in a case between Plessy vs. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities; this decision was detrimental to our society (http://wwwi.pbs.org/wnet/imcrow/storie_events_plessy.html). In 1954 the NAACP backed the efforts of the case of Brown vs. The Board of Education, which lead to a decision that, “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” (http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html). The monumental impact of this case is still widely demonstrated today. The government policy of affirmative action is undoubtedly a useful tool in the efforts of the NAACP. In 1971 the NAACP backed the efforts of the case of Griggs vs. Duke Power Company; a decision was made that reflected the policy of fair treatment by affirmative action (lcrm.lib.unc.edu/blog/index.php/2012/03/08/remembering-griigs-v.-duke-power-company/). Today there are some who support the policy of affirmative action, and some who are opposed, and some who feel we needed affirmative action at one time but now are no longer in need of it. In 2009 the plaintiffs of the case of Ricci vs. DeStefano sued the city...
Words: 583 - Pages: 3
...2 – Conceptual culture models; 3 – Culture shock and expatriate adjustment; 4 – Motivation; 5 – Decision making; 6 – Ethics. Textbook: Chapter 2 (Culture & International Management), 7 (Motivation), 9 (Decision Making) Cases: (1) Foundering Expatriate; (2) Black & Decker Readings: “The silent language in overseas business”; “Right ways to manage expats”; “Value in tension: Ethics away from home” What is Culture? 1. What is the definition of culture? Acquired knowledge people use to interpret experience and actions. This knowledge then influence values ,attitude and behavior 2. What are the three levels of culture? What are the examples for each level? Surface level food holidays Underwater level economy customs Deep level value belief 3. How is culture transmitted? Both formal and informal Informal transmission occurs every day as individuals interact with each other, watch television, or read books Formal transmission occurs through efforts to socialize as an individual, such as in schools and government 4. How does culture impact communication in organizations? Culture has an impact on how communication takes place in an organization, what is communicated (e.g., only work related or including personal issues), and the manner in which information is communicated (direct confrontation vs. saving face) 5. What are high-context and low-context cultures? In high-context cultures...
Words: 3205 - Pages: 13
